scholarly journals Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Steffen ◽  
Yu Xiong ◽  
Radostina Georgieva ◽  
Ulrich Kalus ◽  
Hans Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Particle Production ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Final Particle ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Co Precipitation

Hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) produced with a three-step procedure including co-precipitation of hemoglobin with manganese carbonate, protein crosslinking and dissolution of the carbonate template were shown to be suitable for application as artificial oxygen carriers. First preclinical safety investigations delivered promising results. Bacterial safety plays a decisive role during the production of the HbMP. Therefore, bioburden and endotoxin content of the starting materials (especially hemoglobin) and the final particle suspension are intensively tested. However, some bacteria may not have been detected by the standard tests due to low concentration. The aim of this study was to investigate how these bacteria would behave in the fabrication process. Biocidal effects are known for glutaraldehyde and for ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, chemicals that are used in the fabrication process of HbMP. It could be shown that both chemicals prevent bacterial growth at the concentrations used during the HbMP fabrication. In addition, the particle production was carried out with hemoglobin solutions spiked with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus epidermidis. No living bacteria could be detected in the final particle suspensions. Therefore, we conclude that the HbMP fabrication procedure is safe in respect of a bacterial contamination.

Translational research of hemoglobin vesicles as a transfusion alternative

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Sakai ◽  
Naoko Kobayashi ◽  
Tomoko Kure ◽  
Chie Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Biologic Agent ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Phenothiazine Dyes ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Electron Mediators ◽  
Anti Inflammation

: Clinical situations arise in which blood for transfusion becomes scarce or unavailable. Considerable demand for a transfusion alternative persists because of various difficulties posed by blood donation and transfusion systems. Hemoglobin-vesicles (HbV) are artificial oxygen carriers being developed for use as a transfusion alternative. Just as biomembranes of red blood cells (RBCs) do, phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) for Hb encapsulation can protect the human body from toxic effects of molecular Hb. The main HbV component, Hb, is obtained from discarded human donated blood. Therefore, HbV can be categorized as a biologic agent targeting oxygen for peripheral tissues. The purification procedure strictly eliminates the possibility of viral contamination. It also removes all concomitant unstable enzymes present in RBC for utmost safety from infection. The deoxygenated HbVs, which are storable for over years at ambient temperature, can function as an alternative to blood transfusion for resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock and O2 therapeutics. Moreover, a recent study clarified beneficial effects for anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation by carbon monoxide (CO)-bound HbVs. Autoxidation of HbV (HbO2 → metHb + O2-.) is unavoidable after intravenous administration. Co-injection of methylene blue can extract the intraerythrocytic glycolytic electron energy effectively and reduce metHb. Other phenothiazine dyes can also function as electron mediators to improve the functional life span of HbV. This review paper summarizes recent progress of the research and development of HbV, aimed at clinical applications.

Robust Mask-Layout and Process Synthesis Through an Evolutionary Algorithm

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ma ◽  
Erik K. Antonsson
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Fabrication Process ◽  
Process Synthesis ◽  
Automated Synthesis ◽  
Trial And Error ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthesis Tool ◽  
Fabrication Procedure ◽  
The Right

Abstract A method for automated mask-layout and process synthesis for MEMS is presented. The synthesis problem is approached by use of a genetic algorithm. For a given desired device shape, and several fabrication process choices, this synthesis method will produce one or more mask-layouts and associated fabrication process sequences (which when used can generate shapes close to the desired one). Given complicated device shapes and wide range of fabrication process possibilities, the designer may encounter difficulty producing the right mask-layout and fabrication procedure by experience and trial and error. An automated synthesis tool like this will be helpful to the designer by increasing the efficiency and accuracy of the design of MEMS devices.

BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIAL OXYGEN CARRIERS IN PLANT MICROPROPAGATION

2003 ◽  
pp. 397-405
Author(s):  
M.R. Davey ◽  
P. Anthony ◽  
J.B. Power ◽  
K.C. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Plant Micropropagation

scholarly journals Manipulating hemoglobin oxygenation using silica nanoparticles: a novel prospect for artificial oxygen carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Devineau ◽  
Laurent Kiger ◽  
Frédéric Galacteros ◽  
Véronique Baudin-Creuza ◽  
Michael Marden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Tetrameric Structure ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Hemoglobin Oxygenation ◽  
The Way

Key Points Silica nanoparticles act as an effector for human native and sickle cell hemoglobin while preserving their tetrameric structure. Manipulating hemoglobin oxygenation using nanoparticles opens the way for the rational design of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.

Transformation of Methane into Synthesis Gas Using the Redox Property of Pr-Zr Mixed Oxides: Effect of Calcination Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1187-1191
Author(s):  
Yong Gang Wei ◽  
Yun Peng Du ◽  
Kong Zhai Li ◽  
Xing Zhu ◽  
Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Synthesis Gas ◽  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Phase Segregation ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
Calcination Temperatures ◽  
Co Precipitation

Pr-Zr mixed oxides prepared by co-precipitation were used as oxygen carriers for converting methane into synthesis gas through gas-solid reactions. The structural evolution and reducibility of Pr-Zr oxygen carriers with calcination temperatures from 600 to 1200°C were investigated by XRD and TPR techniques and correlated to their activity for methane selective oxidation. The Pr-Zr mixed oxides calcined at 600-800°C show outstanding thermostability, and higher calcination temperatures result in phase segregation. Pr0.7Zr0.3O2-δ possesses high temperature stability(<900 °C) and the best appropriate calcination temperature is 800°C for methane gas-solid reaction.

scholarly journals Artificial Oxygen Carriers

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Malchesky
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers

Artificial oxygen carriers and red blood cell substitutes

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. S48-S58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Bialas ◽  
Christopher Moser ◽  
Carrie A. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carriers
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