scholarly journals Single Subject Research: Alternatif Penelitian Pendidikan Matematika di Masa New Normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Sri Adi Widodo ◽  
K Kustantini ◽  
Krida Singgih Kuncoro ◽  
Fiki Alghadari
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Experiment Design ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Single Subject Research

Setelah mengkonfirmasi kasus positif pada tanggal 2 Maret 2020, pembelajaran dalam jaringan dan pembelajran jarak jauh merupakan salah satu alternatif pembelajaran yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Terlepas dari kekurangan dan kelebihannya, pembelajaran ini merupakan salah satu alternatif agar pembelajaran tetap berlangsung selama masa pandemik COVID-19. Berkaitan dengan kondisi ini, penelitian di bidang pendidikan juga harus beradaptasi dengan beberapa fenomena baru seperti pembelajaran tatap muka terbatas, sehingga peneliti perlu memikirkan desain penelitian yang relevan dengan kondisi pandemi COVID-19. Single subject research atau sering disebut dengan Single Case Experiment Design merupakan salah satu alternatif metode penelitian yang dapat dilakukan selama pandemi COVID-19, dimana salah satu karakteristik penelitian ini adalah fokus pada satu subyek, sehingga tidak perlu menggunakan subyek yang rekatif besar untuk melakaukan eksperimen.

Perspectives on Pitfalls and Hassles in Single-Subject Research

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Kratochwill ◽  
Bonnie L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Case Research ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Single Case Research ◽  
Single Case Designs

Single-case research designs have emerged as a major methodological strategy in some areas of social science research. Yet, single-subject research is plagued by a number of methodological, conceptual, and philosophical problems that have a bearing on the efficacy of these strategies in applied settings. In this article we review briefly some methodological issues in single-case design, including factors such as baseline trends, variability in the data, and duration of phases. In addition, conceptual issues include the range of outcome questions that single-case designs are designed to address as well as establishing the generalizability of findings. Beyond these issues, a number of pitfalls and hassles are likely to emerge, including philosophical objections to single-case research design, replication problems, measurement paradigms that seem incompatible with design assumptions, and the integration of single-case designs into practice.

A Clarification of Slope and Scale

2020 ◽  
pp. 014544552095336
Author(s):  
Chad E. L. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Case Design ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Valid Comparison ◽  
Meta Analyses

Improvements in the quantification and visual analysis of data, plotted across non-standardized graphs, are possible with the equations introduced in this paper. Equation 1 (an expression of graphic scale variability) forms part of the foundation for Equation 2 (an expansion on the traditional calculation of the tangent inverse of a line’s algebraic slope). These equations provide clarification regarding aspects of “slope” and graphic scaling that have previously confused mathematicians. The apparent lack of correspondence between geometric slope (the angle of inclination) and algebraic slope (the m in y = mx + b) on “non-homogeneous” graphs (graphs where the scale values/distances on the y-axis are not the same as on the x-axis) is identified and directly resolved. This is important because nearly all behavior analytic graphs are “non-homogeneous” and problems with consistent visual inspection of such graphs have yet to be fully resolved. This paper shows how the precise geometric slope for any trend line on any non-homogeneous graph can quickly be determined—potentially improving the quantification and visual analysis of treatment effects in terms of the amount/magnitude of change in slope/variability. The equations herein may also be used to mathematically control for variability inherent in a graph’s idiosyncratic construction, and thus facilitate valid comparison of data plotted on various non-standard graphs constructed with very different axes scales—both within and across single case design research studies. The implications for future research and the potential for improving effect size measures and meta-analyses in single-subject research are discussed.

Combining Guided Dialog With Cognitive Therapy for Depressed Women: Six Single-Case Studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Randall ◽  
Bruce A. Thyer
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Research ◽  
Outcomes Measures ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Over Time

Cognitive therapy (CT) alone was compared to CT, plus a communication skills and relationship repair intervention called Guided Dialog (GD), in the treatment of six depressed women. Outcomes measures were the Beck Depression Inventory and the Miller Social Intimacy Scale, repeatedly administered over time in the context of single-subject research designs. Three women received CT alone, and three received CT followed by CT plus GD. Results indicated that all patients recovered from depression; however, patients who received the combined form of treatment registered greater improvements in intimacy than did clients who received cognitive therapy alone. While tentative, these results suggest that the combination of a relationally based form of treatment such as Guided Dialog, together with cognitive therapy, may warrant a more formal randomized trial.

Bang for Your Buck: A Single-Case Experimental Design Study of Practice Amount and Distribution in Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 3160-3182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Maas ◽  
Christina Gildersleeve-Neumann ◽  
Kathy Jakielski ◽  
Nicolette Kovacs ◽  
Ruth Stoeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Case ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Single Subject Design ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Treatment Conditions

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine 2 aspects of treatment intensity in treatment for childhood apraxia of speech (CAS): practice amount and practice distribution. Method Using an alternating-treatments single-subject design with multiple baselines, we compared high versus low amount of practice, and massed versus distributed practice, in 6 children with CAS. Conditions were manipulated in the context of integral stimulation treatment. Changes in perceptual accuracy, scored by blinded analysts, were quantified with effect sizes. Results Four children showed an advantage for high amount of practice, 1 showed an opposite effect, and 1 showed no condition difference. For distribution, 4 children showed a clear advantage for massed over distributed practice post treatment; 1 showed an opposite pattern, and 1 showed no clear difference. Follow-up revealed a similar pattern. All children demonstrated treatment effects (larger gains for treated than untreated items). Conclusions High practice amount and massed practice were associated with more robust speech motor learning in most children with CAS, compared to low amount and distributed practice, respectively. Variation in effects across children warrants further research to determine factors that predict optimal treatment conditions. Finally, this study adds to the evidence base supporting the efficacy of integral stimulation treatment for CAS. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.9630599

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