scholarly journals North Germanic Tonal Accent is Equipollent and Metrical: Evidence from Compounding

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hagen Kaldhol ◽  
Björn Köhnlein
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
The North

For the North Germanic opposition between two tonal accents, it has been claimed that Accent 2 has a lexical tone, that Accent 1 has a lexical tone, that both accents are marked tonally in the lexicon, or that the accent opposition is based on two types of feet. Based on evidence from compounding, we argue that the opposition between Accent 1 and Accent 2 is equipollent, and that this is best expressed in a foot-based approach since each lexical item will necessarily receive a foot. Elaborating on previous metrical work on tonal accent, we assume that binary feet can be built on moras (= Accent 1) or syllables (= Accent 2) and show how this successfully captures compound accentuation in Central Swedish and Urban East Norwegian. Our foot-based analysis is in line with recent work on tonal accent that calls into question the claim that all tonal contrasts within syllables must be due to the presence of lexical tone. In addition, our analysis addresses issues surrounding the phonology of compounds in general, and prosodic effects of compounding in particular.

‘A Welsh Lancashire’? Monmouthshire Catholics in the Eighteenth Century

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Jesuit Mission ◽  
Charles Ii ◽  
Popish Plot

In the seventeenth century, one of the Catholic strongholds of Britain had lain on the southern Welsh borders, in those areas of north Monmouthshire and southern Herefordshire dependant on the Marquis of Worcester at Raglan, and looking to the Jesuit mission at Cwm. Abergavenny and Monmouth had been largely Catholic towns, while the north Monmouthshire countryside still merited the attention of fifteen priests in the 1670s—after the Civil Wars, and the damaging conversion to Protestantism of the heir of Raglan in 1667. Conspicuous Catholic strength caused fear, and the ‘Popish Plot’ was the excuse for a uniquely violent reaction, in which the Jesuit mission was all but destroyed. What happened after that is less clear. In 1780, Berington wrote that ‘In many [counties], particularly in the west, in south Wales, and some of the Midland counties, there is scarcely a Catholic to be found’. Modern histories tend to reflect this, perhaps because of available evidence. The archives of the Western Vicariate were destroyed in a riot in Bath in 1780, and a recent work like J. H. Aveling's The Handle and the Axe relies heavily on sources and examples from the north of England. This attitude is epitomised by Bossy's remark on the distribution of priests in 1773: ‘In Wales, the mission had collapsed’. However, the question of Catholic survival in eighteenth-century Wales is important. In earlier assessments of Catholic strength (by landholding, or number of recusants gaoled as a proportion of population) Monmouthshire had achieved the rare feat of exceeding the zeal of Lancashire, and Herefordshire was not far behind. If this simply ceased to exist, there was an almost incredible success for the ‘short, sharp’ persecution under Charles II. If, however, the area remained a Catholic fortress, then recent historians of recusancy have unjustifiably neglected it.

Dictatorship: Analytical Approaches

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Wintrobe
Keyword(s):  
Rational Choice ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
The North ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Choice Approach

This article provides a survey of the work on authoritarianism, which takes an ‘economic’ or rational choice approach. The survey focuses mainly on two issues: the behaviour of dictators and the comparison of their economic performance and redistributive tendencies with democracies. It outlines the author's model about the behaviour of dictators, and then moves on to more recent contributions, such as the important developments within the North framework. The article also examines the Olson model and then studies recent work on economic performance and on redistribution. Theory and evidence are the main focus of the discussion.

Scourie Dykes and Laxfordian Metamorphism

1951 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
North West ◽  
The North

AbstractA review is offered of some of the conclusions reached by Teall and his Survey colleagues on the Lewisian Complex of the North-West Highlands, especially such as have been strengthened by recent work by Sutton and Watson. In other directions support is given to Peach and Gunn's view that the Loch Maree sediments are later than the Scourie Dykes and not, as dough tentatively suggested, intruded by sills fed from these dykes; also new hypotheses are advanced concerning Laxfordian folding of the Scourie Dykes at Loch Maree, and Caledonian thrusting of Assynt type of Lewisian over Laxford type at Durness.

Mineralogical evidence for sediment derivation and ice movement within the Wash drainage basin, eastern England

Clay Minerals ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Wilmot
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
The South ◽  
River Systems ◽  
The North ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
Mineralogical Evidence

AbstractThe Wash drainage basin contains four principal river systems. Samples were collected from the freshwater and estuarine reaches of each of these, and silt- and clay-grade fractions were separated and examined by XRD. The clay mineralogy of each of the rivers is different; in the north the Witham sediments contain chlorite, the Welland and Nene samples contain vermiculite, with a higher proportion of kaolinite in the former, while in the south the Ouse sediments contain smectite. The clay fractions of the samples from the estuarine reaches all contain chlorite, confirming that non-fluvial sources must contribute to the sediments of the Wash. Comparison of this pattern of clay mineralogy with that for the underlying Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks shows that there was relatively little modification during the Pleistocene glacial periods. Such a pattern supports recent work which suggests that ice moved through the Wash gap and then fanned out from the Fenland area, rather than entering the region from the north.

The Goniatite Zones of the Namurian

1945 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. S. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
One Stage ◽  
The North ◽  
Faunal Succession ◽  
The Status ◽  
Zones And Subzones

Recent work, both published and unpublished, has considerably increased our knowledge of the goniatite succession in the Namurian of western Europe and the various zones and subzones can now be defined more precisely than hitherto. The major divisions of the Namurian of most value are the former “genus zones” each now raised to the status of an age. Names for these divisions were instituted by Bisat (1928), and were redefined by Hudson and Cotton (1943). The various zones and subzones into which the stages are divided are shown on page 2. The zones differ little from those of previous authors: an attempt has been made to give them equal value and, where possible, the zonal indices in any one stage are of the same genus, thus helping to avoid the confusion caused by the choice as zonal indices of forms of different faunal phase. Neither zonal or subzonal indices are constant in their range in their respective divisions—many of them are confined to a faunal band within the subzone, a few extend into a neighbouring division. The following brief notes are based mainly on the faunal succession of the north of England. The published details of the goniatite faunas in Belgium, Holland, Westphalia, and to a certain extent in Silesia show that the succession there is the same. Comparable forms occur elsewhere as in the Pyrenees, North Africa, Novaya Zemlya, Donetz Basin, Indo-China, Siberia, and U.S.A. The boundaries of the Namurian are those decided on at the Heerlen Congress on Carboniferous Stratigraphy (Jongmans and Gothan, 1937).

Part I. Neolithic Mycenae

1957 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. B. Wace
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The South ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Fabric Hand ◽  
A Site

Stamatakes's excavations in the Grave Circle area revealed, although it was not recognized until much later, that Mycenae had been inhabited in the Early Bronze Age, the Early Helladic Period. This was confirmed by subsequent researches which produced Early Helladic material from the foot of the Ramp, outside the Grave Circle, beneath the South House and below the Palace. Now the recent work of Dr. Papademetriou and ourselves has yielded fresh evidence. He has found more E.H. material in Schliemann's Grave Circle and some possible Neolithic sherds as well. In the area of the Prehistoric Cemetery outside the Cyclopean walls to the north-west of the Lion Gate we have found in a mixed unstratified layer at the eastern foot of the mound or tumulus which covered the dome of the ‘Tomb of Aegisthus’ many fragments of E.H. pottery, both decorated and plain. Since the plain E.H. ware found is of a simple, thickish fabric hand-polished and usually of a dull red or of a mud colour, we had at times wondered whether some of these fragments might not almost be classed as Neolithic. This was especially so in the case of some of the fragments from the lowest strata at the foot of the Ramp. Unfortunately these fragments were lost during the war in the Nauplia Museum and cannot now be checked.The discovery of Neolithic B pottery at the Argive Heraeum, and still more recently Dr. Caskey's most successful excavations at Lerna, encouraged us in the idea that a site like Mycenae was probably inhabited in Neolithic times also. Since the Early Helladic material is not stratified, except in areas like the foot of the Ramp or below the South House, it was hardly to be expected that Neolithic remains, if found, would be stratified. It is always possible, however, that some part of the site, not yet explored, may have escaped later disturbance or overbuilding. We have therefore now paid particular attention to the unstratified debris found above the Prehistoric Cemetery at the eastern foot of the Aegisthus mound. Among this we have found two sherds which are in our opinion almost certainly Neolithic.

scholarly journals The Belgian Limburg dialect of Hamont

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Verhoeven
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
National Border ◽  
The Town ◽  
Eastern Edge

Hamont is a small town located on the north-eastern edge of the Belgian province of Limburg, on the national border with the Netherlands. It is situated about 30 km south of Eindhoven and 15 km west of Weert in the Netherlands. The town has about 13,500 inhabitants. According to Belemans, Kruijsen & Van Keymeulen (1998), the dialect of Hamont belongs to the West Limburg dialects (subclassification: Dommellands). Limburg dialects occupy a unique position among the Belgian and Dutch dialects in that their prosodic system has a lexical tone distinction, which is traditionally referred to as SLEEPTOON ‘dragging tone’ and STOOTTOON ‘push tone’. In line with recent conventions, stoottoon is referred to as Accent 1 and transcribed as superscript 1; sleeptoon is referred to as Accent 2 and is transcribed as superscript 2 (cf. Schmidt 1986).

Four Latin Inscriptions From Satala

1987 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
D. H. French ◽  
J. R. Summerly
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
The North ◽  
The Village

Recent work, published in Anatolian Studies and other journals, has drawn attention to the site of Satala, the modern Sadak (in the province of Gümüşhane, district of Kelkit, map Erzincan 116-p). The importance of Satala is self-evident but the impending loss of Samosata, the base of the legio XVI Flavia Firma, has increased the archaeological value of the remaining two legionary centres, Melitene and Satala. It is to be hoped that further work at Sadak will augment the four texts presented here.The following inscriptions were recorded in Sadak village in 1981, at the house of Ahmet Yegin, who had brought them from a field across the valley to the north of the village outside the area of the Roman fortress. On the testimony of the owner and the other villagers, all the gravestones came from the same ancient cemetery and were found in situ. No others have since come to light (by 31. xii. 1982).

scholarly journals Atmospheric electricity in high latitudes

1905 ◽  
Vol 76 (508) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Electricity ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
The Earth

The recent work of Elster and Geitel, Ebert and others, has added three new factors to the data for the study of atmospheric electricity, namely:— The rate at which the permanent charge on the surface of the earth is being dissipated into the atmosphere, the state of ionization of the air, and the amount of radio-active emanation in the lower regions of the atmosphere. These three factors have been carefully studied in the temperate zone. With the idea of extending our knowledge of them into the Arctic regions, I was granted permission by the Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition Scholarship to undertake a year’s work in the Lapp village of Karasjok (69° 17' N.; 25° 35' E.; 129 metres above sea level, and about 200 miles south of the North Cape), The work undertaken consisted of the following:- 1. By means of a Benndorf self-registering electrometer to obtain daily curves of the potential gradient, and from these to calculate the yearly and daily variation. 2. To make systematic observations of the dissipation by means of Elster and Geitel’s instrument. 3. To make corresponding measurements of the ionization with Ebert’s apparatus. 4. To measure the amount of radio-active emanation in the atmosphere. 5. To investigate, as far as possible, the influence of the aurora on the electrical conditions of the atmosphere.

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