The genus Teilingia Bourrelly in waterbodies of West Siberia (Russia)

The data on the species diversity of representatives of the genus Teilingia Bourrelly are summarized. from the water bodies of Western Siberia, their distribution by zones and subzones. To date, 4 species and intraspecific taxa from the order Desmidiales are known for the region. Representatives of this family are found mosaically throughout the entire territory of Western Siberia. The largest number of taxa (3) was found in the middle taiga, in the tundra – two species. No species were found in the Irtysh floodplain, forest tundra, northern taiga, forest-steppe and steppe zones. In watercourses, including the Ob and Irtysh, as well as in lakes of different types, 3 taxa were identified, respectively. One species was found in swamps and in temporary reservoirs.

Environmental protection policies at craft villages in Hanoi in the context of sustainable development

Craft village is one of the distinct features of rural areas and an important factor in industrial and secondary manufacturing zones and subzones in Vietnam. Craft village, in nature, is a guild within a village who earn their living through non-agricultural activities. Craft village has been long preserved and developed with various characteristics including production subject (artisan); produce (featured by sophistication and arts); natural condition and specific technological process. In the context of industrialization and modernization being interwined with sustainable development, this article provides an insight into environmental protection policies applied to craft villages in Hanoi in order to understand the situation of executing environmental protection policies for craft villages in Hanoi; to point out challenges in formulating and implementing the policies; to therefore propose measures to develop the policies and enhance the implementation effectiveness.

Relativity of the Conventional Hand Tendon Zones and the Actual Glide Zones of Tendon Injury and Repair: A Need for Concept Reappraisal

The conventional hand tendon zones and subzones do not reflect the actual lengths covered by the involved locus of the tendon during full digital and wrist motion, which warrant reappraisal of the tendon zone concept. Because of the tendon excursions many lacerations should be regarded as multiple zone injuries. Furthermore, the length-spans of glide of the distal tendon stump and of the tendon junction (i.e. the glide zones of tendon injury and repair, respectively) are mostly not of the same length because, due to pulley release and bulkiness of the tenorrhaphy, the glide zone of tendon repair is shorter than that of tendon injury. Therefore, it would be practical to notate the glide zones of the lacerated tendon by indicating the anatomic position of the distal tendon stump and tendon junction in full extension and flexion. This data can be provided separately or along with the conventional tendon zones, e.g. II (A4–C2) or II–III (A2–PA), where A, C, and PA stand for the annular, cruciform, and palmar aponeurosis pulleys, respectively. The conventional tendon zone classification could be improved with a tendon glide zone concept. Documentation of the actual excursions of the distal tendon stump and of the tenorrhaphy interface would prevent misinterpretation of the actual level of tendon injury and repair.

The genus Spondylosium Brebisson ex Kutzing in waterbodies of West Siberia (Russia)

The article generalizes data on the species diversity of the genus Spondylosium Brebisson ex Kutzing representatives in waterbodies of West Siberia, their distribution over zones and subzones. At present, 8 species and intraspecific taxa of the order Desmidiales are known in the region. These family representatives are mosaic spread throughout the territory of West Siberia. The largest numbers of taxa (5) are found in middle taiga, 1 and 3 taxa – in southern and northern taiga, respectively, from 2 to 4 taxa – in other zones. No species is recorded in the steppe zone. 6 species (7 taxa) of this genus are identified in lakes of diverse types, 4 species are known in streams, 2 species – in mires and temporary waterbodies. The analysis of the species confinement to environmental conditions has shown that the genus representatives can serve as indicators of acidic and slightly mineralized water. Indifferents (6 taxa) predominate as mineralization indicators, acidophiles (6 taxa) prevail among pH indicators.

Results of pasture monitoring research

Rangeland deterioration and restoration management has been one of the prominent issues. The present study focuses on the composition, cover, and yields accumulation of rangeland plant species from different ecological zones and subzones. Pasture yield in Mongolia varies in ecological zones and subzones (p≥0.001), so 39 sheep, during the summer, comfortably graze in one-hectare area in high mountain zone, - 72 in forest steppe, 21 in steppe and 13 in arid steppe area respectively. Whereas types and cover of plant species in high mountain rangelands are more than other areas, yield accumulation is most in forest steppe. The impact of climate change has dramatically increased recent years, considerably affecting on pasture plant cover and yield. During a dry season or period of drought, amount of yield reduces 40% in high mountain zone; 49% in forest steppe, 52% in semi-arid steppe and 55% in arid steppe. Since rangeland productivity varies due to the nature and climate in the ecological zones and subzones, pasture shall be utilized under appropriate policy that regulates this depending on its capacity, resource and natural and climate feature of area.

CORRELATION OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS ZONAL SCHEMES OF THE EASTERN EUROPEAN PLATFORM ON FORAMINIFERS, RADIOLARIES AND NANNOPLANKTON

This article proposes a composite biostratigraphical scheme for the Upper Cretaceous of the East European Platform on the basis of the distribution in the sections of three groups of microfossils–foraminifers, both planktonic and benthic, radiolarians and nannoplankton. Most of the stages and subsustages boundaries are confirmed by macropalaeontological data. The most divided units are on benthic foraminifers and nannoplankton. The diversity of these microfossils and their constant presence in the sections made it possible to identify zones and subzones, while it is possible to subdivide only the beds by planktonic foraminifers and radiolarians. The most favorable stages in the development of plankton biota can be considered the Turonian-Coniacian interval, when the basins of the East European Platform felt the intensive influence of the warm waters of the Tethys ocean. The global Campanian coooling is clearly recorded, reflecting on the taxonomic diversity of all microfossil groups.

Trans-Tethyan correlation of the Lower–Middle Cenomanian boundary interval; southern England (Southerham, near Lewes, Sussex) and Douar el Khiana, northeastern Algeria

A 480 m section of marls with widely separated levels of nodular limestone in the Fahdene Formation north of Bou Khadra in Tebessa Province, northeastern Algeria, spans the Lower/Middle Cenomanian boundary. A total of 30 ammonite species are present, of which two: Forbesiceras reversum and Calycoceras (Newboldiceras) algeriense are new. The fauna allows recognition of the Northwest European upper Lower Cenomanian Mantelliceras dixoni Zone, the succeeding lower Middle Cenomanian Cunningtoniceras inerme Zone, the Acanthoceras rhotomagense Zone and its subzones of Turrilites costatus and Turrilites acutus. The sequence of index species occurs in the same order in both north-eastern Tunisia and the Southerham Grey Pit in Sussex (and indeed elsewhere in Northwest Europe), indicating these to be robust assemblage zones and subzones that can be recognised on both the north and south sides of the Tethys. Other occurrences of taxa that are common in both sections and regions are markedly different, and include the co-occurrence of Cunningtoniceras inerme (Pervinquière, 1907) with Acanthoceras rhotomagense (Brongniart, 1822) in the costatus Subzone in north-eastern Algeria and central Tunisia, the extension of Acompsoceras renevieri (Sharpe, 1857) into the lower Middle Cenomanian in north-eastern Tunisia, whilst the acme of Turrilites scheuchzerianus Bosc, 1801, is in the dixoni Zone in Northwest Europe, and in the inerme Zone in northeasten Algeria and adjacent parts of Central Tunisia. These differences are not a result of collection failure or non-preservation, but must rather reflect environmental controls on occurrence and abundance.

Planktonic Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy and Correlation Across the Cretaceous-Paleogene Transition at the Tethyan and the Atlantic Realms

Based on high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphical analysis at El Kef stratotype section (GSSP for the K/Pg boundary), Ellès section in Tunisia, and Agost and Caravaca sections in Spain (Tethyan realm), we attempt to compare biozones and subzones with those of the Bidart section (SW France) (Atlantic realm). The Abathomphalus mayaroensis zone of the upper Maastrichtian corresponds to the taxon range interval of the nominate species. We have identified the Plummerita hantkeninoides subzone. This species is present and associated with Pseudoguembelina hariaensis at the Tethyan realm. However, this species is absent at the middle latitude of the Atlantic realm (Bidart section, SW France). The Pseudoguembelina hariaensis species had larger paleogeographic spread, as it was present in both the Tethys and the Atlantic paleoceans. It is more relevant to be considered as the biomarker of a nominate uppermost Maastrichtian subzone instead of Plummerita hantkeninoides. The Danian stage is characterized by the Gt. cretacea zone, Pv. eugubina zone, and the Parasubbotina pseudobulloides zone. The deposition thickness of the zones and subzones at El Kef stratotype section and Ellès section is more expanded than at Agost and Caravaca sections (Spain) and Bidart section (France). They would be controlled by the sedimentary basin morphology.

Megaspore assemblages from the Åre Formation (Rhaetian–Pliensbachian) offshore mid-Norway, and their value as field and regional stratigraphical markers

A megaspore biozonation of the non-marine Åre Formation is proposed, based on a micropalaeontological analysis of key Haltenbanken area wells (Block 6608/11). The lower part of the Åre Formation is divisible into Banksisporites pinguis, Nathorstisporites hopliticus and Horstisporites areolatus zones, and subzones, occupying the Rhaetian–Hettangian interval. In the upper Åre Formation a marked turnover of megaspore assemblages is evident, with the appearance of several species of Trileites and the mesofossil Kuqaia quadrata. On this basis, the biozonation is extended into the Sinemurian–Pliensbachian, with the recognition of the Kuqaia quadrata Zone and subzones. Reference to selected wells in the Urd Field (Block 6608/10) and further south demonstrates that these biozones correlate across the northern Haltenbanken region. Biozonal boundaries are calibrated with miospore/microplankton markers where possible, to provide a robust bio-chronostratigraphical framework with which to evaluate the stratigraphy of the Åre Formation and its reservoir units. Comparison with published European biostratigraphical data shows that a similar megaspore succession exists through the Rhaeto-Liassic interval, with shifts in megaspore composition occurring within the same time intervals. On this evidence it is suggested that the megaspore biozones identified are regionally extensive and may reflect palaeoclimatic controls on the distribution of the megaspore-producing plants. It is concluded that megaspores are a stratigraphically important microfossil group, which should be utilized routinely in Upper Triassic–Jurassic oil field and regional biostratigraphical studies.