scholarly journals REPRESENTASI PEREMPUAN DALAM SASTRA DAN MEDIA SOSIAL: SEBUAH PERBANDINGAN (Female Representation on Literature and Social Media: A Comparison)

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Resti Nurfaidah
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The Many

Sastra merupakan representasi dari realitas. Dalam sastra kita dapat membandingkan dan menelusuri realitas yang direkonstruksikan. Media sosial merupakan sarana baru pengungkapan jati diri dan kreativitas dalam berbagai rekonstruksi. Berangkat dari telaah kedua data dalam kedua media itu, artikel ini merupakan sebuah telaah bandingan tentang representasi perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan berfokus pada representasi rekonstruksi perempuan dalam sastra terutama dalam novel karya Indah Hanaco berjudul Black Angel, The Curse of Beauty: Sexuality Exploitation towards Sales Promotion Girls, Heartling, Out of The Blue, dan Fixing a Broken Heart serta sederet akun TikTok yang diunduh pada periode waktu tertentu. Hal itu dilakukan untuk melihat bagaimana relasi perempuan dengan orang-orang di sekitar lingkungan sosial, bagaimana reaksi yang diterima dari orang sekitar dan lingkungan sosial pada sosok perempuan itu; serta apa dampak yang harus ia terima jika ia tidak dapat menyelaraskan diri dengan konflik atau solusi yang dihadapi. Analisis dilakukan dengan sudut pandang telaah antropologis, mengingat banyaknya aspek kebudayaan yang muncul dalam video TikTok. Hasil penelitian dibagi dalam lima kategori, yaitu perempuan tangguh, perempuan lemah, perempuan alternatif, gaya hidup, dan trauma masa lalu. Literature is a representation of reality. In literature, we can compare and trace the reconstruction of reality. Social media is a new means of expressing identity and creativity in various reconstructions. Based on the study of the two data in the two media, this article is a comparative study of women's representation. This research are qualitative and had been focused on the women's reconstruction in literature, especially a few of Indah Hanaco's novels: Black Angel, The Curse of Beauty: Sexuality Exploitation towards Sales Promotion Girls, Heartling, Out of The Blue, dan Fixing a Broken Heart, and a series of TikTok videos that of a certain period. These questions are how their relationships with their surroundings, and what environment's reactions they received; and what result they will have if cannot reconcile on the conflict or solution. Those data are analyzed by anthropologic perspectives, considering the many cultural aspects that appear in TikTok videos. Results are these five categories: tough women, weak women, alternative women, lifestyle, and post-trauma.

scholarly journals Women’s Representation in Politics: Case Study of Women Legislative Member in Regional of Representatives Nusa Tenggara Timur Period of 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Jovani
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political System ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Women In Parliament

This article explores women’s representation in politics in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur/NTT) between 2014 and 2019. Since 2004, Indonesia has seen the implementation of a strategy to boost the level of female representation in parliament through affirmative action. However, the 30% target quote has not yet been achieved. Women’s representation in politics is an important indicator in the political system reflecting a recognition of the existence and interests of women as citizens. The success of the initiative is highlighted by the fact that the 2014 legislative elections saw female representation in the Regional House of Representatives (DPRD NTT) increase by 100% from the 2009 election representation levels. Using the case study method and analyzing the process, this article argues that NTT women already have the awareness to actively participate in politics and become party representatives and legislative members. The presence of women in parliament is necessary to achieve gender equality and improve women’s welfare through gender-responsive policies. Keywords: representation, politics, women, east nusa tenggara

Women’s Representation, Accountability and Corruption in Democracies

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin Esarey ◽  
Leslie A. Schwindt-Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
First Century ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electoral Accountability ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Corrupt Behavior

At the turn of the twenty-first century, an important pair of studies established that greater female representation in government is associated with lower levels of perceived corruption in that government. But recent research finds that this relationship is not universal and questions why it exists. This article presents a new theory explaining why women’s representation is only sometimes related to lower corruption levels and provides evidence in support of that theory. The study finds that the women’s representation–corruption link is strongest when the risk of corruption being detected and punished by voters is high – in other words, when officials can be held electorally accountable. Two primary mechanisms underlie this theory: prior evidence shows that (1) women are more risk-averse than men and (2) voters hold women to a higher standard at the polls. This suggests that gender differences in corrupt behavior are proportional to the strength of electoral accountability. Consequently, the hypotheses predict that the empirical relationship between greater women’s representation and lower perceived corruption will be strongest in democracies with high electoral accountability, specifically: (1) where corruption is not the norm, (2) where press freedom is respected, (3) in parliamentary systems and (4) under personalistic electoral rules. The article presents observational evidence that electoral accountability moderates the link between women’s representation and corruption in a time-series, cross-sectional dataset of seventy-six democratic-leaning countries.

scholarly journals Electing women to Parliament: Fiji and the alternative vote electoral system

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Rae Nicholl
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Women Candidates ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
System A ◽  
Alternative Vote ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
The World

In many places in the world, women struggle to be heard and, when it comes to having a voice in the highest authority in the land, the difficulties in some countries can be almost insurmountable. Women in Fiji are confronting the problem of women’s representation in Parliament. With only a small number of women (7.04 percent) in the House of Representatives, what changes could the citizens of Fiji make to remedy this lack of female representation? One answer that could be considered is for Fijian lawmakers to make amendments to the alternative vote electoral system, a variation on preferential voting. The alternative vote falls into the same simple plurality category as first-past-the-post, a system notoriously unfriendly to women candidates.

Exploring the Low Levels of Women's Representation in Japanese Local Government

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE BOCHEL ◽  
HUGH BOCHEL
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Low Levels

Although women have consistently outvoted men in elections in Japan since the 1970s, the country has a relatively poor record in terms of women being elected to representative bodies. In recent years, there have been increases, particularly in the number of women in the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, but at the local level the rate of change has been slower.As in other states, a number of propositions have been put forward to explain the low numbers of women in local assemblies. Drawing upon a variety of sources, including the developing literature and interviews with women councillors and others, this article seeks to identify the variety of factors that have contributed to holding down levels of female representation in local government in Japan. It examines these in the context of recent changes and considers the extent to which there is the prospect for further change.

The Effect of Gender Quotas in the First Decade of the Twenty-first Century: A Global Comparison

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Högström
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
First Century ◽  
Gender Quotas ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Over Time

The goal of this study is to examine to what extent gender quotas have contributed to recent increases in women’s representation in parliaments. The results show that the effect of quotas on women’s representation in parliaments increased over time during the first decade of the twenty-first century, and that in the mid and late parts of the decade quotas are an important determinant of women’s representation in parliaments. However, the results from this study demonstrate that several countries that use gender quotas still have low levels of female representation in parliaments, which indicates that the designs of the quotas are important.

scholarly journals Women’s Political Activism and Civic Engagement in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Barnes ◽  
Victoria Beall ◽  
Gregory Saxton ◽  
Dakota Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
The State ◽  
Women's Representation ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Women’S Representation ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
The Many

Under the authoritarian regimes that dominated the 1950s to the 1980s, during the regional wave of democratization, and as citizens of new democracies, women have been instrumental political actors in many facets of politics in the Latin American region. Due to the many ways women are involved in politics, academic studies of the role of gender in contentious politics are equally varied, encompassing disciplines such as political science, sociology, and anthropology. Women engage in politics both inside and outside the state in many different ways. In this bibliography, we are focused on women’s political activism outside the state and women’s engagement as citizens. Whereas the study of women’s representation in government focuses on women as elites, this bibliography focuses on political activism from non-state actors, such as social movements, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), opinion leaders, and grassroots leaders, as well as political engagement in terms of citizens’ participation. For more information on women in formal political roles, see the separate Oxford Bibliographies article Women’s Representation in Governmental Office in Latin America.

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