scholarly journals The Paleomorpholigic Conditions of the Formation of the Settlement of Shitkino (Northwest Russia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-138
Author(s):  
Л.В. Шашерина ◽  
С.А. Стефутин
Keyword(s):  
Structural Stability ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Fluvial Terraces ◽  
Lake System ◽  
Slope Deposits ◽  
Archaeological Monument

Для многих раннесредневековых памятников Северо-Запада Европейской России палеогеографические условия реконструированы недостаточно. При этом географический контекст развития поселений играет важную роль в исторической и экономической жизни людей Средневековья на локальном уровне. Археологический памятник поселение Шниткино расположен в бассейне Западной Двины на западном макросклоне Валдайской возвышенности. Изучаемое поселение находится на берегу озера Шнидкино, через которое насквозь протекает река Торопа. Используя геолого-геоморфологические методы, авторы статьи описали строение озерной террасы и озерно-речной поймы, в которых был найден культурный слой IX–X веков и отдельные археологические артефакты. Седиментационные архивы торфа, озерных, аллювиальных и склоновых отложений, продатированные радиоуглеродным методом, позволили оценить, насколько рельеф раннего Средневековья отличался от современного, и определить возможную функциональность территории во время существования поселения. Выявленные стабильность берега и аккумулятивная динамика озерно-речной системы свидетельствуют о том, что за последние несколько тысяч лет форма берега почти не изменилась. Речные и озерные террасы с похожей динамикой, обнаруживаемые в бассейне реки Торопы, считаются наиболее привлекательными позициями для поселенцев раннего Средневековья. The palaeomorphology of many early medieval monuments in Northwest Russia has not been reconstructed yet. In historical and economic perspective, the geographical location has a great impact on settlement formation and affects people’s lives significantly. The settlement of Shitkino is an archaeological monument situated in the basin of the Western Dvina at the western slope of the Valdai Hills. The settlement of Shitkino is located at the shore of Shnidkino lake, which is traversed by the Toropa River. The authors of the article employ geological and geomorphological analyses to explore the floodplain and its fluvial terraces, to make archaeological finds and to gain evidence of the events of the 9th–10th centuries. The method of radiocarbon dating enabled the scientists to estimate the age of peat sediments, fluvial and slope deposits, to estimate the degree of relief transformation and to tentatively assess the extent of the functionality of the land in medieval times. The accumulated data, such as the structural stability of the shore and the dynamics of the river-lake system show that during the recent thousands of years the shores of the lake have been only insignificantly transformed. It is believed that in the early middle ages people preferred to settle in the basin of the Toropa River.

Development of transportation types and their usage on caravan roads in middle ages

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Jahongir Yunusugli Ergashev
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Sand Storm ◽  
Natural Climate ◽  
Daily Load ◽  
Daily Distance

During the existence of the Bukhara khanate, the economic and trade relations with neighboring countries on the territory of Central Asia have been largely based on transport system of the old network of roads. Along with the formation and development of communication routes, transportation vehicles also improved based on the natural climate and geographical location of different regions.  In the following article the info is given on the means of the transport used in the caravan routes in the trade-economic relations of khanate of Bukhara with neighboring countries in medieval times. Included there, the starting of domestication and usage of horse drawn vehicles, camels, donkeys and others, the capacity of daily load of camels, horses, donkeys which were core of caravans, their daily distance, the necessary tasks in the incidents occurred in caravan routes (injuries, bruises, contagious diseases) the stopping regulation of caravans (sand storm, in heat and frost) is thoroughly analyzed.

Husby in Angeln – Ein königlicher Hof der späten Wikingerzeit?

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-389
Author(s):  
Thorsten Lemm
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Moyen Âge ◽  
Moyen Age ◽  
Viking Period ◽  
The Middle Ages

Zusammenfassung: Seit langem nehmen in Norwegen und Schweden Ortschaften und Höfe mit dem Namen Huseby o. ä. zentrale Punkte in der Frühgeschichtsforschung ein. Sie werden dort als seit jeher bedeutende Orte interpretiert, die in der späten Wikingerzeit oder am Übergang zum Mittelalter zu königlichen Höfen aufstiegen und in diesem Zuge mit der standardisierten Bezeichnung *húsabýr versehen wurden. Die dadurch ersetzten ursprünglichen Ortsnamen sind nur selten überliefert. Die Huseby-Orte Alt-Dänemarks fanden in der Forschung hingegen nur wenig Beachtung. Die vorläufigen Ergebnisse der in den letzten Jahren durchgeführten Kontextanalysen und archäologischen Prospektionen erlauben es nun, das einst in dänischem Reichsgebiet gelegene Husby in Angeln in eine Reihe mit den bedeutenden Huseby-Orten Schwedens und Norwegens zu stellen. Archäologische Funde, allen voran die Entdeckung eines Siedlungslatzes mit zahlreichen Metallobjekten, die verkehrsgeografische Lage, Flurnamen in der Umgebung und eine romanische Kirche mit wahrscheinlich hölzernem Vorgängerbau zeichnen für Husby das Bild eines in der jüngeren Germanischen Eisenzeit, in der Wikingerzeit und im Mittelalter (über-)regional bedeutenden Ortes. Résumé: En Norvège et en Suède les localités ou habitats portant le nom d’H useby ont depuis longtemps occupé une place de choix en recherche protohistorique. Là, on les a toujours considérés comme des localités importantes, et ces endroits s’élevèrent au rang de cours royales au courant de l’époque viking tardive ou au début du Moyen Age ; de ce fait ils ont acquis la dénomination standard de*húsabýr. Les toponymes d’origine que ces nouvelles dénominations ont remplacés ne survivent que fort rarement. Cependant très peu d’enquêtes ont porté sur les toponymes Huseby que l’on rencontre dans l’ancien Danemark. Les résultats préliminaires d’études contextuelles et de prospections de terrain effectués au cours des dernières années nous permettent de ranger le site d’Husby en Anglie (Angeln), qui faisait anciennement partie du royaume danois, dans la série des sites importants portant le nom d’Huseby en Suède et en Norvège. Les données archéologiques, en particulier la découverte d’un habitat contenant de nombreux objets en métal, sa situation géographique, les noms des parcelles aux alentours et la présence d’une église romane avec probablement un précurseur en bois indiquent qu’Husby jouait un rôle (supra)régional significatif pendant l’âge du Fer germanique tardif, l’époque viking et le Moyen Age. Abstract: Settlements or farmsteads bearing the name Huseby or similar have occupied a central position in protohistoric research in Norway and Sweden for a long time. There they have always been interpreted as significant places, which rose to being royal courts in the Late Viking period or at the beginning of the Middle Ages and in the process were given the standard denomination of *húsabýr. The original place-names that these new denominations replaced rarely survive. Research has however paid little attention to the Huseby place-names of ancient Denmark. Preliminary results from contextual studies and archaeological surveys conducted over the last few years allow us to now align the site of Husby in Anglia, which once lay in the Danish realm, with the important Huseby sites of Sweden and Norway. Archaeological finds, especially the discovery of a settlement containing numerous metal objects, its geographical location, field names in its surroundings, and a Romanesque church with a probable timber precursor indicate that Husby was a significant (supra-) regional place in the later Germanic Iron Age, the Viking period and the Middle Ages.

Sedimentological architecture, shelf-edge trajectories and evolution of an Oligocene reservoir, East Nile Delta

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. SELIM
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Western Slope ◽  
Shelf Edge ◽  
Sediment Distribution ◽  
Delta Plain ◽  
Slope Deposits ◽  
Incised Channel ◽  
East Nile Delta ◽  
Depositional Elements

Abstract3D seismic data and wireline logs from 17 wells in the onshore East Nile Delta were utilized to study the stratigraphic architecture and evolution of Oligocene deposits. The Oligocene is readily recognized on seismic cross-sections by a series of northward prograding clinoforms. The Oligocene sequences show lateral facies changes from fluvial to deepwater via a shelf-edge delta. Such deltaic features include distributary channels, interdistributary bay fill, and a delta plain and front, gradually changing downslope into prodelta and slope deposits. The slope deposits include three main depositional elements: a deeply incised channel, a complex of laterally switched leveed channels and lobes, and crevasses and frontal splays. These depositional elements are formed in the main western slope basin and local eastern intraslope ponded sub-basin. The reactivated E–W- and NW-trending faults as well as NE–SW inverted structures are the main controls on slope physiography that formed the main corridors for Oligocene sediment distribution. Two main globally correlated Oligocene sequences are encountered being separated by the major drop in global eustatic sea level at 28.1Ma. The lower Oligocene sequence has two main stages: (1) the formation and filling of a basal canyon; and (2) the formation and progradation of shelf deltas to form shelf-edge deltas, and then progradation with an ascending shelf-edge trajectory (clinoforms 1). The upper Oligocene sequence is characterized by accretionary shelf-edge deltas with descending and then flat trajectories (clinoforms 2–4). The frontal splay and lobe complex exhibits potentially favourable reservoir continuity and areal coverage followed by the slope channels.

Radiocarbon Dating the Exploitation Phases of the Grotta Della Monaca Cave in Calabria, Southern Italy: A Prehistoric Mine for the Extraction of Iron and Copper

Radiocarbon ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 1246-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Quarta ◽  
Felice Larocca ◽  
Marisa D'Elia ◽  
Valentina Gaballo ◽  
Maria Macchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Prehistoric Mining ◽  
The University ◽  
Copper Ores ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Grotta della Monaca is a karstic cave in Calabria (southern Italy) that plays an important role in reconstructing the oldest strategies for the acquisition of mineral resources in the Mediterranean. In fact, systematic archaeological excavations carried out by the University of Bari allowed the identification of intense prehistoric mining activities aimed at the exploitation of iron and copper ores. Archaeological evidence suggests different phases of frequentation of the cave spanning from the Upper Paleolithic, Neolithic, Copper and Bronze ages up to the Middle Ages. In order to establish an absolute timeframe for the different phases, a radiocarbon dating campaign was carried out and the results presented in this paper.

scholarly journals AMS radiocarbon dating of pollen concentrates in a karstic lake system

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 112-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Fletcher ◽  
Christoph Zielhofer ◽  
Steffen Mischke ◽  
Charlotte Bryant ◽  
Xiaomei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Lake System

scholarly journals Imię teoforyczne Józef w strukturach antroponimicznych i toponimicznych Polski

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-57
Author(s):  
Halszka Górny
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Place Names ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article presents the productivity of the name Józef and its variants in the creation of Polish personal and place names in the historical perspective, taking into account the frequency and geographical location of such names. In the surnames derived from the name Józef, known from the Middle Ages and later sources, various adaptations of the name have been recorded, including graphic and phonetic variants, dialectal and East Slavonic realisations. Most of the toponyms derived from the afore-mentioned name were more recently created in the 19th century. Among the names, toponyms with the suffixes: -ów, -owo, and -in dominate. Some place names have a commemorative genesis. The surnames and place names discussed in the article occur in various regions of the country, but the largest turnout is in the Mazowieckie, Łódzkie, Wielkopolskie and Lubelskie provinces.

scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF THE RUBAS FORTIFICATION’S TOPOGRAPHY AND LAYOUT (EASTERN CAUCASUS)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. Гмыря
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
International System ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Strategic Defense ◽  
Functional Purpose ◽  
Archaeological Monument

В статье рассматриваются новейшие материалы раскопок Рубасской фортификации монументального оборонительного комплекса середины VI в., открытого в 2014 г. в долине реки Рубас, в 20 км южнее г. Дербента. По основным показателям (монументальность и функциональная направленность) этот объект относится к серии заградительных рубежей Западного Прикаспия, возведенных Персией в V-VI вв. В 2016-2018 гг. проводились раскопки сооружения арочной конструкции и оборонительной стены. На данном этапе исследования памятника выявлены существенные особенности топографии и планировки монументального фортификационного комплекса, которые не соотносятся с принципами организации обороны, учитывающими специфику местоположения защитных сооружений. Оборонительные объекты расположены на левом низком берегу реки Рубас (41,93 м), в непосредственной близости от ее русла. Они сооружены на уровне дна долины реки, перпендикулярно к ее руслу. Направление потока речной сели (С Ю), затопившего фортификационные объекты, не совпадает с нахождением современного русла реки Рубас к югу от памятника. В статье выдвигается и обосновывается ряд версий относительно проблемных вопросов, дающих возможность раскрыть стратегические задачи возведения Рубасской фортификации. Рассмотрение указанных вопросов способствует решению как практических задач по дальнейшему изучению нового памятника археологии, так и реконструкции международной системы стратегической обороны на Восточном Кавказе в период раннего средневековья в целом. The paper presents the latest material of excavations of the Rubas fortification a monumental defense complex of the mid-6th century, discovered in 2014 in the valley of the river Rubas, 20 km south from Derbent (Darband). According to the main indicators (monumentality and functional purpose), this object belongs to a set of defense lines that were erected by the Persians in the 5-6th century in the Western Pre-Caspian region. In 2016-2018 excavations of the construction of the arched structure and the defensive wall were carried out. Features of topography and layout of the fortification complex have been revealed. Defensive objects are located on the low bank of the river Rubas (41.93 m), at the level of the bottom of the river valley, perpendicular to its riverbeds. The author suggests and reasons a number of versions, which makes it possible to reveal the strategic objectives of the construction of the Rubas fortification, reflected in its layout. Consideration of the stated issues contributes to the solution of both practical challenges for further study of the new archaeological monument and the reconstruction of the international system of strategic defense in the Eastern Caucasus during the early Middle Ages as a whole. Acknowledgments: The study was carried out within the framework of a research project supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (No 16-06-00064a International system of strategic defense in the Eastern Caucasus in the period of the Great human migration ).

scholarly journals 5.2-5.8 ka BP Paleoenvironment of the Southern Slope of Mount Raizan, Japan

Radiocarbon ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2B) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Okuno ◽  
Shinji Nagaoka ◽  
Yoshitaka Hase ◽  
Yuichi Mori ◽  
Masahiko Konomatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southern Slope ◽  
Ams Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Slope Deposits

Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating and paleoecological analysis of slope deposits at Mt Raizan provided seven 14C dates indicating that landslides occurred in that area at 6.0 to 6.3 cal ka BP and 6.5 cal ka BP. Plant macrofossils, pollen grains, and spores point to a mixed forest at that time, consisting of conifers and broad-leaved trees. On the other hand, insect fossil indicates slightly colder climate than that of the flora. This difference may be attributed to varied sensitivities of each proxy to climatic changes.

scholarly journals Sosnovyi Mys Burial Ground in the Northern Angara Region: Analysis of the Mortuary Tradition and the Results of Radiocarbon Dating

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 3-37
Author(s):  
N. A. Saveliev ◽  
◽  
S. P. Dudarek ◽  
A. A. Timoshchenko ◽  
D. N. Lokhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
History Of ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir

The article presents the results of the study of 8 burial complexes of the Sosnovyi Mys burial ground. The article contains all the information about the history of the discovery and study of this archaeological site. We describe the geographical location and geomorphological structure of the burial ground deposits and give a complete description of the burial complexes No. 1–8 (excavation # 1, archaeological works of 2011). The analysis of individual elements of the mortuary tradition is carried out. Some similarities and differences with synchronous burials on the territory of the Southern Angara region have been revealed. All burials were divided into three groups based on the analysis of the mortuary tradition elements: 1) burials # 2, 4, 5, 7, 8; 2) burial # 3; 3) destroyed burials # 1 and 6. Published in the article radiocarbon dating results showed the Neolithic age of most burial complexes. The exception is burial No. 3, which belongs to the Early Bronze Age. Analyzing the radiocarbon AMS dates, we can state the high ratio of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes ( δ 13 C and δ 15 C ) obtained for a human bone sample. These data indicate a high trophic level of the humans, which points out the presence of a freshwater reservoir effect (FRE). A special study of this problem has not been conducted yet for the Northern Angara Region, so it is not possible to determine the radiocarbon offsets. The complexes of the Sosnovyi Mys burial ground may be synchronous with the late phase of the Kitoi burial tradition (the finale of the Early Neolithic). However, if the value of the correction for the FRE is ever calculated and turns out to be the same as in the Baikal region (or more significant), then the age of the burials may be determined by the beginning of the Middle Neolithic, which is determined by the period 7027 ± 33 – 5571 ± 88 cal BP. The search for analogies to the features of the mortuary tradition and categories of grave goods with the materials of the Southern Angara region is carried out. The main problem of further study of the burial ground materials is the determination of the correction value of the FRE based on the dating of human bones, as well as finds and individual animal bones directly related to the burial complexes for the entire territory of the Northern Angara region.

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