Diversity of Mosquitoes Collected from the Southern Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to assess the diversity of mosquitoes in various towns of the southern belt of KPK. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive study that was conducted in numerous towns of Western belt of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The study areas were Darra Adam Khel, District Kohat, District Karak, District Banu, District D.I. Khan and newly merged districts Mir Ali and Miranshah. From each study site, the samples were collected randomly. The sample collection was done through survey and area visits whereas; the identification process was done in a parasitology laboratory of Hayatabad-Peshawar. Sampling was done from June 2016 to May 2017. RESULTS: A total of 2150 adult mosquitoes were gathered and collected from 42 different locations of the southern belt of KPK and were identified. Based on their identification, 5 genera of the mosquitoes were recognized which were Culex, Anopheles, Psorophora, Aedes and Uranotenia. Culex was found to be most dominant in all the visited areas with a percentage of 12.65 in Miranshah followed by 11.81 in Mirali, 7.16 in Karak, 6.88 in Darra Adam Khel, 6.69 in D.I.Khan, 6.41 in Kohat and 5.11 in Bannu respectively. The results of our findings also revealed the presence of Culex genera in all the habitats and remained the dominant genera among the others followed by Anopheles and Psorophora. Aedes was found in the habitat of plants and grasses etc. whereas Uranotenia was found in marsh/swampy areas as well as in plants/grasses habitat only. CONCLUSION: The outcomes reveal that a climate shifting and extensive urbanization process is enforcing the diversity of mosquitos’ fauna in the southern belt of KPK.

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The Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance System in Yemen, 2010-2015: Descriptive Study Based on Secondary Data Analysis (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.14413 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Khaled Abdullah Almoayed ◽

Ali Bin Break ◽

Mutahar Al-Qassimi ◽

Ali Assabri ◽

Yousef Khader

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Flaccid Paralysis ◽

World Health ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Afp Surveillance ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Central Level

BACKGROUND Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is an essential strategy for poliovirus eradication. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the AFP surveillance system in Yemen from 2010 to 2015, identify components that require strengthening, and compare the indicators by year and governorates. METHODS This descriptive study was based on secondary analysis of AFP surveillance data reported during 2010-2015 from all Yemeni governorates. The World Health Organization (WHO) minimum performance standards were used to evaluate the performance of the AFP surveillance system. RESULTS A total of 3019 AFP cases were reported between January 2010 and December 2015. At the national level, AFP surveillance achieved WHO targets throughout the evaluating period for the nonpolio AFP rate of cases per 100,000 members of the population younger than 15 years of age, proportion of AFP cases reported within 7 days, proportion of AFP cases investigated within 48 hours of notification, proportion of AFP cases with two adequate stool specimens, and proportion of stool specimens from which nonpolio enterovirus was isolated. However, the proportion of specimens that arrived at the central level within 3 days of the first sample collection and the proportion of stool specimens with results sent from the reference laboratory within 28 days of receipt did not reach targets in 2011 and 2015, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The AFP surveillance system in Yemen has met most of the WHO indicator levels. Nevertheless, the evaluation showed areas of weakness regarding the arrival of specimens at the central level within 3 days of the first sample collection and delays in processing of the results and submitting feedback by the laboratory. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the follow-up of specimens submitted to the laboratory.

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Effectiveness of Online Learning In Pandemic Covid-19

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management ◽

10.46729/ijstm.v1i2.30 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 100-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Awal Nopriyanto Bahasoan ◽

Wulan Ayuandiani ◽

Muhammad Mukhram ◽

Aswar Rahmat

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Learning System ◽

Primary Data ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Study Program ◽

Online Study ◽

Quantitative Descriptive

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative descriptive study using survey methods conducted online. The sample collection method uses simple random sampling, where the sample of this study is an active student in the management study program, Faculty of Economics, University of West Sulawesi; Primary data collection in this study was carried out by distributing questionnaires online to 115 respondents. Data obtained by filling out questions that were distributed to all respondents in the form of Google on the link https://forms.gle/VbqM7myWhwdfpMfc9. Furthermore, the collected data was analyzed to be described. The results of data analysis obtained from filling student questionnaires can be concluded that the online learning system carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic is effective and inefficient. Effectively implemented because of the conditions that require online study and inefficient because the costs incurred more when compared with offline lectures.

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The Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) Surveillance System in Yemen, 2010-2015: Descriptive Study Based on Secondary Data Analysis

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance ◽

10.2196/14413 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. e14413

Author(s):

Khaled Abdullah Almoayed ◽

Ali Bin Break ◽

Mutahar Al-Qassimi ◽

Ali Assabri ◽

Yousef Khader

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Acute Flaccid Paralysis ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Flaccid Paralysis ◽

World Health ◽

Reference Laboratory ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Afp Surveillance ◽

Stool Specimens ◽

Central Level

Background Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is an essential strategy for poliovirus eradication. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the AFP surveillance system in Yemen from 2010 to 2015, identify components that require strengthening, and compare the indicators by year and governorates. Methods This descriptive study was based on secondary analysis of AFP surveillance data reported during 2010-2015 from all Yemeni governorates. The World Health Organization (WHO) minimum performance standards were used to evaluate the performance of the AFP surveillance system. Results A total of 3019 AFP cases were reported between January 2010 and December 2015. At the national level, AFP surveillance achieved WHO targets throughout the evaluating period for the nonpolio AFP rate of cases per 100,000 members of the population younger than 15 years of age, proportion of AFP cases reported within 7 days, proportion of AFP cases investigated within 48 hours of notification, proportion of AFP cases with two adequate stool specimens, and proportion of stool specimens from which nonpolio enterovirus was isolated. However, the proportion of specimens that arrived at the central level within 3 days of the first sample collection and the proportion of stool specimens with results sent from the reference laboratory within 28 days of receipt did not reach targets in 2011 and 2015, respectively. Conclusions The AFP surveillance system in Yemen has met most of the WHO indicator levels. Nevertheless, the evaluation showed areas of weakness regarding the arrival of specimens at the central level within 3 days of the first sample collection and delays in processing of the results and submitting feedback by the laboratory. Therefore, there is a need to strengthen the follow-up of specimens submitted to the laboratory.

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Use of a patient classification instrument as a guide to plan nursing discharge

Acta Paulista de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/s0103-21002008000300002 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 393-397 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fernanda Collinetti Pagliarini ◽

Marcia Galan Perroca

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Patient Classification ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Surgical Practice ◽

Clinical Nurses ◽

Psychosocial Dimension

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of a patient classification instrument as a guide to plan nursing discharge. METHODS: Exploratory descriptive study performed in hospitalization units of Medical and Surgical Practice at a teaching hospital in São José do Rio Preto - SP, Brazil. The sample was made up of 50 patients who received discharge guidance from seven clinical nurses and supervisors. The sample collection occurred in two steps after the record of the discharge guidance, performed by nurses with and without the aid of a classification instrument. RESULTS: The findings show that nurses are more likely to comply with care areas in the psychobiological dimension. However, when they use the instrument, the psychosocial dimension is also benefited. CONCLUSION: The use of a patient classification instrument guided the planning of nursing discharge, enabling a more comprehensive and more thorough identification of care areas that require attention.

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Analysis of the Impact of Investment in Education in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa During 2001-2015

Global Social Sciences Review ◽

10.31703/gssr.2020(v-ii).19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (II) ◽

pp. 202-209

Author(s):

Saira Begum ◽

Mohammad Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Key Informants ◽

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽

Provincial Level ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Access And Quality ◽

The Impact ◽

Purposive Sample ◽

Different Levels

It is a descriptive study that used a mix method of research. The data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The type of sampling technique followed in this study was first to select the clusters and then selecting the specified number of respondents from each selected cluster. First the respondents were categorized as principals and teachers of schools, colleges and Regional Institutes of Teachers Education and key informants at the provincial level. Then purposive sample was drawn from clusters of those subjects who could provide useful information about the study. In order to suggest a remedy for the solution to these problems it was recommended that both access and quality should be improved making the education affordable for all concerned. It was recommended that the issues of absorption and marketability of graduates at different levels of education should be addressed in the national policies.

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Evaluation of Acoustic Analyses of Voice in Nonoptimized Conditions

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00212 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (12) ◽

pp. 3991-3999

Author(s):

Benjamin van der Woerd ◽

Min Wu ◽

Vijay Parsa ◽

Philip C. Doyle ◽

Kevin Fung

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Voice Quality ◽

Data Sets ◽

Acoustic Measurements ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Environment Analysis ◽

Acoustic Measures ◽

Recording Conditions ◽

Cepstral Peak Prominence

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the fidelity and accuracy of a smartphone microphone and recording environment on acoustic measurements of voice. Method A prospective cohort proof-of-concept study. Two sets of prerecorded samples (a) sustained vowels (/a/) and (b) Rainbow Passage sentence were played for recording via the internal iPhone microphone and the Blue Yeti USB microphone in two recording environments: a sound-treated booth and quiet office setting. Recordings were presented using a calibrated mannequin speaker with a fixed signal intensity (69 dBA), at a fixed distance (15 in.). Each set of recordings (iPhone—audio booth, Blue Yeti—audio booth, iPhone—office, and Blue Yeti—office), was time-windowed to ensure the same signal was evaluated for each condition. Acoustic measures of voice including fundamental frequency ( f o ), jitter, shimmer, harmonic-to-noise ratio (HNR), and cepstral peak prominence (CPP), were generated using a widely used analysis program (Praat Version 6.0.50). The data gathered were compared using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Two separate data sets were used. The set of vowel samples included both pathologic ( n = 10) and normal ( n = 10), male ( n = 5) and female ( n = 15) speakers. The set of sentence stimuli ranged in perceived voice quality from normal to severely disordered with an equal number of male ( n = 12) and female ( n = 12) speakers evaluated. Results The vowel analyses indicated that the jitter, shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on microphone choice and shimmer, HNR, and CPP were significantly different based on the recording environment. Analysis of sentences revealed a statistically significant impact of recording environment and microphone type on HNR and CPP. While statistically significant, the differences across the experimental conditions for a subset of the acoustic measures (viz., jitter and CPP) have shown differences that fell within their respective normative ranges. Conclusions Both microphone and recording setting resulted in significant differences across several acoustic measurements. However, a subset of the acoustic measures that were statistically significant across the recording conditions showed small overall differences that are unlikely to have clinical significance in interpretation. For these acoustic measures, the present data suggest that, although a sound-treated setting is ideal for voice sample collection, a smartphone microphone can capture acceptable recordings for acoustic signal analysis.

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Issues in Language Sample Collection and Analysis With Children Using AAC

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac23.2.65 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gail Van Tatenhove

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Language Production ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Language Sample Analysis ◽

Language Sample

Language sample analysis is considered one of the best methods of evaluating expressive language production in speaking children. However, the practice of language sample collection and analysis is complicated for speech-language pathologists working with children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices. This article identifies six issues regarding use of language sample collection and analysis in clinical practice with children who use AAC devices. The purpose of this article is to encourage speech-language pathologists practicing in the area of AAC to utilize language sample collection and analysis as part of ongoing AAC assessment.

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Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.2.42 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 42-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Laura W. Plexico ◽

Julie E. Cleary ◽

Ashlynn McAlpine ◽

Allison M. Plumb

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Young Children ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Young Children With Autism ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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