Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, View of Lake Garda, ca. 1865–1870

The SAR Doppler frequencies are directly related to the motion of the scatterers in the illuminated area and have already been used in marine applications to monitor moving water surfaces. Here we investigate the possibility of retrieving surface water velocity from SAR Doppler analysis in medium-size lakes. ENVISAT images of the test site (Lake Garda) are processed and the Doppler Centroid Anomaly technique is adopted. The resulting surface velocity maps are compared with the outputs of a hydrodynamic model specifically validated for the case study. Thermal images from MODIS Terra are used in support of the modeling results. The surface velocity retrieved from SAR is found to overestimate the numerical results and the existence of a bias is investigated. In marine applications, such bias is traditionally removed through Geophysical Model Functions (GMFs) by ascribing it to a fully developed wind waves spectrum. We found that such an assumption is not supported in our case study, due to the small-scale variations of topography and wind. The role of wind intensity and duration on the results from SAR is evaluated, and the inclusion of lake bathymetry and the SAR backscatter gradient is recommended for the future development of GMFs suitable for lake environments.

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A multi-site, year-round turbulence microstructure atlas for the deep perialpine Lake Garda

Scientific Data ◽

10.1038/s41597-021-00965-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sebastiano Piccolroaz ◽

Bieito Fernández-Castro ◽

Marco Toffolon ◽

Henk A. Dijkstra

Keyword(s):

Turbulent Mixing ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Time Of Day ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Lake Garda ◽

Standardized Protocol ◽

Wide Range ◽

Buoyancy Driven Convection ◽

Monitoring Activity ◽

Additional Monitoring

AbstractA multi-site, year-round dataset comprising a total of 606 high-resolution turbulence microstructure profiles of shear and temperature gradient in the upper 100 m depth is made available for Lake Garda (Italy). Concurrent meteorological data were measured from the fieldwork boat at the location of the turbulence measurements. During the fieldwork campaign (March 2017-June 2018), four different sites were sampled on a monthly basis, following a standardized protocol in terms of time-of-day and locations of the measurements. Additional monitoring activity included a 24-h campaign and sampling at other sites. Turbulence quantities were estimated, quality-checked, and merged with water quality and meteorological data to produce a unique turbulence atlas for a lake. The dataset is open to a wide range of possible applications, including research on the variability of turbulent mixing across seasons and sites (demersal vs pelagic zones) and driven by different factors (lake-valley breezes vs buoyancy-driven convection), validation of hydrodynamic lake models, as well as technical studies on the use of shear and temperature microstructure sensors.

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Studies on the zooplankton of the deep subalpine Lake Garda.

Journal of Limnology ◽

10.4081/jlimnol.1999.66 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Nico SALMASO ◽

Luigi NASELLI-FLORES

Keyword(s):

Lake Garda ◽

Subalpine Lake

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Reconstructing the Gorte and Spiaz de Navesele Landslides, NE of Lake Garda, Trentino Dolomites (Italy)

Geosciences ◽

10.3390/geosciences11100404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Giacomo Ruggia ◽

Susan Ivy-Ochs ◽

Jordan Aaron ◽

Olivia Steinemann ◽

Silvana Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rock Avalanche ◽

Source Area ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

First Order ◽

Fault Systems ◽

Lake Garda ◽

Limestone Bedrock ◽

Multi Method Approach ◽

Method Approach

We applied a multi-method approach to reconstruct the Gorte rock avalanche (85–95 Mm3) located at the northeastern end of Lake Garda. The combination of field mapping, characterization of bedrock discontinuities, Dan3D-Flex runout modeling and dating of boulders with cosmogenic 36Cl supports the conclusion that the deposits stem from a single rock avalanche at 6.1 ± 0.8 ka. The Gorte event may have triggered the Spiaz de Navesele–Salto della Capra landslide (3.2 Mm3), whose deposits cover the southern end of the Gorte deposits. First-order controls on detachment were the NNE–SSW- and WNW–ESE-oriented fractures in the limestone bedrock, related to the Giudicarie and Schio-Vicenza fault systems, respectively. Dan3D-Flex runout modeling sufficiently reproduced the Gorte rock avalanche, which involved detachment and sliding of a quasi-intact block, likely along marly interbeds, followed by rapid disintegration. The frictional rheology in the source area and the turbulent frictional rheology (Voellmy) in the remaining part best replicate the observed deposit extent and thickness. Heavy precipitation that occurred at that time may have contributed to failure at Gorte. Nonetheless, its timing overlaps with the nearby (<15 km) Dosso Gardene (6630–6290 cal BP) and Marocca Principale (5.3 ± 0.9 ka) landslides, making a seismic trigger plausible.

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Abstracts from the 21st Annual Meeting of the European Council for Cardiovascular Research (ECCR), Lake Garda, 20–22 October 2017

High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention ◽

10.1007/s40292-017-0232-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 105-132

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

European Council ◽

Cardiovascular Research ◽

Lake Garda

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Lake Garda: An Outstanding Archive of Quaternary Geomorphological Evolution

World Geomorphological Landscapes - Landscapes and Landforms of Italy ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-26194-2_14 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 169-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlo Baroni

Keyword(s):

Lake Garda ◽

Geomorphological Evolution

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Interactions of physical, chemical and biological processes affecting the seasonality of mineral composition and nutrient cycling in the water column of a deep subalpine lake (Lake Garda, Northern Italy)

Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie ◽

10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/142/1998/385 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 142 (4) ◽

pp. 385-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nico Salmaso ◽

Fabio Decet

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Cycling ◽

Water Column ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Biological Processes ◽

Lake Garda ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Subalpine Lake

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Nutrient loading from the Sarca River into Lake Garda, Italy

SIL Proceedings 1922-2010 ◽

10.1080/03680770.1998.11898254 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 3129-3131

Author(s):

Flavio Marchetti ◽

Laura Fravezzi ◽

Nanna Buesing

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Loading ◽

Lake Garda

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Historical colonization patterns of Dolichospermum lemmermannii (Cyanobacteria) in a deep lake south of the Alps

Advances in Oceanography and Limnology ◽

10.4081/aiol.2015.5456 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1/2) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Nico Salmaso ◽

Adriano Boscaini ◽

Camilla Capelli ◽

Leonardo Cerasino ◽

Manuela Milan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sediment Cores ◽

Rpob Gene ◽

Correct Identification ◽

Nutrient Loads ◽

Lake District ◽

Large Lakes ◽

Vertical Movements ◽

Lake Garda ◽

Subalpine Lake ◽

The Alps

Since the beginning of the 1990s, Lake Garda showed the appearance of extended surface water blooms of Dolichospermum lemmermannii (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria). Between the 1990s and the 2000s, the blooms appeared also in the other large lakes south of the Alps (Iseo, Como and Maggiore). Despite the sudden appearance of the blooms, the correct identification of the establishment time of the populations of Dolichospermum in the southern subalpine lake district remained unclear. In this work, the establishment of the populations of D. lemmermannii in Lake Garda has been evaluated by the direct counting of sub-fossil akinetes extracted from sediment cores, and by estimating the abundance of filaments germinated from sub-fossil viable akinetes. The two techniques provided comparable results, allowing locating the beginning of the establishment of Dolichospermum around the middle of the 1960s. Four strains of Dolichospermum germinated from akinetes isolated from the core sediments between around the 1989 and 2012 did not show any mutation or recombination signal in the rpob gene sequences, suggesting a strong founder effect. The establishment of Dolichospermum coincided with the beginning of the rapid increase of total phosphorus as inferred from the distribution of sub-fossil diatoms in the sediment core. These results supported the hypothesis of a strong link between the shift of Lake Garda from ultraoligotrophy/oligotrophy to oligo-mesotrophy and the development of Dolichospermum. This colonisation pattern was possibly reinforced by the increase in the water temperatures in the subalpine lake district during the last 3 decades. In warmer lakes, gas-vacuolated Nostocales are favoured by high replication rates and, in particular, by their ability to control vertical movements in stratified water columns. This allows these species to exploit the gradients of light and nutrients, giving them a competitive advantage compared to other species. From a management point of view, the control and decrease of Dolichospermum should be obtained through the reduction and control of nutrient loads to the lake.

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