scholarly journals Jet mixing unit for introducing a light bulk substance into a liquid stream

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Artur K. Tyulkanov Tyulkanov ◽  
Sergey V. Petrashev Petrashev ◽  
Andrey A. Panasenko Panasenko ◽  
Mikhail I. Moiseenko I. Moiseenko
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Liquid Stream ◽  
Jet Mixing ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Mandatory Use ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Volumetric Content

For the oil spill emergency response, a ship system for supplying an active substance to the contaminated zone has been proposed. Various chemical compounds and substances, microorganisms can be used as active substances. To collect most of the oil spill, it was proposed to use a thermally split graphite sorbent. Its supply to the contaminated zone should be carried out in the form of a pulp. One of the key elements of the system is a mixer for introducing the sorbent into the water flow. This article presents the results of three stages of the study of the influence of the geometric parameters of the jet mixer on the average volumetric content of the sorbent in the pulp, the shape of the nozzle and flow of the working fluid. The necessity of mandatory use of a arch destruction device in a bunker with a light sorbent is noted.

UNNECESSARILY NEGLECTED IN PLANNING: ILLUSTRATION OF A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFY HUMAN DIMENSION IMPACTS OF MARINE OIL SPILLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250012 ◽  
Author(s):  
FABIENNE LORD ◽  
SETH TULER ◽  
THOMAS WEBLER ◽  
KIRSTIN DOW
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Contingency Planning ◽  
Human Dimension ◽  
Contingency Plans ◽  
Negative Impacts

Technological hazards research, including that on oil spills and their aftermath, is giving greater attention to human dimension impacts resulting from events and response. While oil spill contingency planners recognize the importance of human dimension impacts, little systematic attention is given to them in contingency plans. We introduce an approach to identifying human dimensions impacts using concepts from hazard and vulnerability assessment and apply it to the Bouchard-120 oil spill in Buzzards Bay, MA. Our assessment covers the spill, emergency response, clean-up, damage assessment, and mid-term recovery. This approach, while still exploratory, did demonstrate that the spill produced a range of positive and negative impacts on people and institutions and that these were mediated by vulnerabilities. We suggest ways in which the framework may help spill managers to learn from events and improve contingency planning by anticipating risks to social systems and identifying strategies to reduce impacts.

scholarly journals Mengukur Tingkat Kesiapsiagaan Anggota PKK RT. 05 Desa Banyuraden dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-538
Author(s):  
Restu ◽  
Mandiyo Priyo
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Emergency Response Plan ◽  
Agents Of Change ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Response Plan ◽  
The Village

Women as agents of change are expected to have an active role in disaster risk reduction (DRR) activities, mainly to defend themselves and their families from the effects of disasters. This dedication activity is a preparedness level assessment of the members of PKK RT. 05 RW. 08, Banyuraden village, Gamping Sleman DIY. It is an academic involvement to support the village program in realization a disaster-resilient village (Destana) and to solute the partner's problem. The assessment method uses a framework developed by the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) in collaboration with The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) in 2006. There are three stages of assessment, i.e. a survey for collecting data using a questionnaire, analyzing the preparedness index, and determining the preparedness level. Because the activities were carried out during the Covid-19 pandemic, the questionnaire was conducted using Google forms to implement the physical distancing program. This dedication activity found a description that the members of PKK RT. 05. RW. 08 Banyuraden village, Gamping Sleman DIY has a moderate of preparedness rate, with an index of 62.07%.  The aspect of disaster knowledge was classified as good, but the emergency response plan and resource mobilization are not yet. The implementation of the Destana program in the Banyuraden village, Sleman district, especially in RT.05 RW.08 might be aligned with the results of this dedication activity. Further dedication activities can also be carried out, such as drafting emergency response plans and organizing preparedness training for families to improve the community preparedness of RT. 05 RW. 08, Banyuraden, Gamping Sleman DIY.

scholarly journals Optimization on Emergency Materials Dispatching Considering the Characteristics of Integrated Emergency Response for Large-Scale Marine Oil Spills

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Li ◽  
Manel Grifoll ◽  
Miquel Estrada ◽  
Pengjun Zheng ◽  
Hongxiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
Distribution Point ◽  
Dispatching Algorithm ◽  
Marine Oil Spills ◽  
The Difference

Many governments have been strengthening the construction of hardware facilities and equipment to prevent and control marine oil spills. However, in order to deal with large-scale marine oil spills more efficiently, emergency materials dispatching algorithm still needs further optimization. The present study presents a methodology for emergency materials dispatching optimization based on four steps, combined with the construction of Chinese oil spill response capacity. First, the present emergency response procedure for large-scale marine oil spills should be analyzed. Second, in accordance with different grade accidents, the demands of all kinds of emergency materials are replaced by an equivalent volume that can unify the units. Third, constraint conditions of the emergency materials dispatching optimization model should be presented, and the objective function of the model should be postulated with the purpose of minimizing the largest sailing time of all oil spill emergency disposal vessels, and the difference in sailing time among vessels that belong to the same emergency materials collection and distribution point. Finally, the present study applies a toolbox and optimization solver to optimize the emergency materials dispatching problem. A calculation example is presented, highlighting the sensibility of the results at different grades of oil spills. The present research would be helpful for emergency managers in tackling an efficient materials dispatching scheme, while considering the integrated emergency response procedure.

scholarly journals Application of the SOSim v2 Model to Spills of Sunken Oil in Rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Mary Jacketti ◽  
James D. Englehardt ◽  
C.J. Beegle-Krause
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Likelihood Function ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Deterministic Models ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Bathymetric Data ◽  
Sunken Oil

Sunken oil transport processes in rivers differ from those in oceans, and currently available models may not be generally applicable to sunken oil in river settings. The open-source Subsurface Oil Simulator (SOSim) model has been expanded to handle spills of sunken oil in navigable rivers, utilizing Bayesian inference to integrate field concentration data with bathymetric data to predict the location and movement of sunken oil. A novel prior likelihood function incorporates bathymetric input, with sampling grid and default parameters adapted appropriately for rivers. SOSim v2 was demonstrated versus field observations taken following the M/T (Motor Tanker) Athos I oil spill. The model was also modified to operate in 1-D, to assess the longitudinal distribution of sunken oil in a non-navigable river using available poling data collected following the Enbridge Kalamazoo River oil spill in 2010. Results of both case studies were consistent with observed data and local bathymetry in 2-D and 1-D, and the model is suggested as a complement to deterministic models for oil spill emergency response in rivers.

scholarly journals Innovative Approaches for Geometric Uncertainty Quantification in an Operational Oil Spill Modeling System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyu Feng ◽  
Paola Passalacqua ◽  
Ben R. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Coarse Grid ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Model Integration ◽  
Fine Grid ◽  
Oil Transport ◽  
Uncertainty Model ◽  
Geometric Uncertainty

Reliable and rapid real-time prediction of likely oil transport paths is critical for decision-making from emergency response managers and timely clean-up after a spill. As high-resolution hydrodynamic models are slow, operational oil spill systems generally rely on relatively coarse-grid models to provide quick estimates of the near-future surface-water velocities and oil transport paths. However, the coarse grid resolution introduces model structural errors, which have been called “geometric uncertainty”. Presently, emergency response managers do not have readily-available methods for estimating how geometric uncertainty might affect predictions. This research develops new methods to quantify geometric uncertainty using fine- and coarse-grid models within a lagoonal estuary along the coast of the northern Gulf of Mexico. Using measures of geometric uncertainty, we propose and test a new data-driven uncertainty model along with a multi-model integration approach to quantify this uncertainty in an operational context. The data-driven uncertainty model is developed from a machine learning algorithm that provides a priori assessment of the prediction’s confidence degree. The multi-model integration generates ensemble predictions through comparison with limited fine-grid predictions. The two approaches provide explicit information on the expected scale of modeling errors induced by geometric uncertainty in a manner suitable for operational modeling.

scholarly journals Chemical carcinogenesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula A. Oliveira ◽  
Aura Colaço ◽  
Raquel Chaves ◽  
Henrique Guedes-Pinto ◽  
Luis F. De-La-Cruz P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Cell ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Chemical Carcinogenesis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Three Stages

The use of chemical compounds benefits society in a number of ways. Pesticides, for instance, enable foodstuffs to be produced in sufficient quantities to satisfy the needs of millions of people, a condition that has led to an increase in levels of life expectancy. Yet, at times, these benefits are offset by certain disadvantages, notably the toxic side effects of the chemical compounds used. Exposure to these compounds can have varying effects, ranging from instant death to a gradual process of chemical carcinogenesis. There are three stages involved in chemical carcinogenesis. These are defined as initiation, promotion and progression. Each of these stages is characterised by morphological and biochemical modifications and result from genetic and/or epigenetic alterations. These genetic modifications include: mutations in genes that control cell proliferation, cell death and DNA repair - i.e. mutations in proto-oncogenes and tumour suppressing genes. The epigenetic factors, also considered as being non-genetic in character, can also contribute to carcinogenesis via epigenetic mechanisms which silence gene expression. The control of responses to carcinogenesis through the application of several chemical, biochemical and biological techniques facilitates the identification of those basic mechanisms involved in neoplasic development. Experimental assays with laboratory animals, epidemiological studies and quick tests enable the identification of carcinogenic compounds, the dissection of many aspects of carcinogenesis, and the establishment of effective strategies to prevent the cancer which results from exposure to chemicals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document