scholarly journals Assessment of the Implementation of Pharmacists’ Prescriptive Authority to Furnish Hormonal Contraceptives, Naloxone, and Nicotine Replacement Therapy in California

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Janet Petrosyan ◽  
Tina Tchalikian ◽  
Alicia O'Connor ◽  
Juliana Avakeretyan ◽  
Marina Dykhne
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Prescriptive Authority ◽  
Senate Bill ◽  
Barriers To Implementation

Background California State Board of Pharmacy passed Senate Bill 493 authorizing pharmacists to furnish self-administered hormonal contraceptives, nicotine replacement products, and naloxone. Although California Senate Bill 493 expanded pharmacists’ scope of practice, limited implementation persists. Objective The objectives of this study were to assess the implementation of pharmacists’ prescriptive authority to furnish hormonal contraceptives, naloxone, and NRT in California as allowed by the Board of Pharmacy and availability of these services to patients in order to facilitate the development of strategies to expand them. The objective of the first part was to investigate reported awareness and barriers to implementation of services, while the second part was to report actual implementation rates. Methods This was an IRB-approved two-part cross-sectional survey that explored factors that may be associated with the limited implementation of the expanded scope of practice services. Results The two-part study had a total of 389 respondents. In the first part of the study, there were a total of 84 respondents. The majority reported that they were aware that pharmacists have the authority to furnish hormonal contraceptives, naloxone, and NRT, but services were limited. In the second part of the study, there were a total of 305 respondents, each responding to questions addressing only one of the three services: hormonal contraceptives (104 respondents), naloxone (101 respondents), and NRT (100 respondents). Within those subgroups, 19% of the respondents stated they offer hormonal contraceptives, 10% offer NRT, and 84% offer naloxone. Conclusion The results of the two-part study suggested that pharmacists’ authority to furnish these services were limited, thus patients’ access to these services were also limited.

scholarly journals Does smoking reduction make smokers happier? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Beard ◽  
Jamie Brown ◽  
Robert West
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Smoking Reduction ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
The Uk

Objectives: Stopping smoking leads to greater happiness and life satisfaction. This raises the question as to whether harm reduction, i.e. smoking reduction (SR) and the use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) for SR, might lead to a similar benefit. This is of importance, given that the National Institute of Clinical Excellence in the UK is due to release guidance on harm reduction in 2013.Design: Data were collected from 1,532 smokers involved in the Smoking Toolkit Study.Method: Participants were asked if they were cutting down and if they were using Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). Smokers also rated happiness and life satisfaction.Results: There was no evidence of an association between SR or use of NRT for SR and either reported ‘happiness’ or ‘life satisfaction’. Nor was there an association between measures of ‘happiness’ or ‘life satisfaction’ and cigarette consumption.Conclusion: It appears that SR is not associated with mental health benefits. This suggests that complete cessation may be necessary for benefits to be incurred. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PERCEPTION OF POST-GRADUATES AND INTERNS OF A MEDICAL INSTITUTION TOWARDS NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY IN BANGALORE CITY, KARNATAKA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Subodh Kumar ◽  
Prasanna Kumar Y S ◽  
Padma K Bhat ◽  
Karishma S. Halageri ◽  
Rajkumari Surbala Devi
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Medical Institution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Academic Curriculum ◽  
Bangalore City

TITLE: - Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Post-graduates and Interns of a medical institution towards Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A cross-sectional survey in Bangalore city, Karnataka. AIMS & OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this survey was to assess knowledge, attitude and practices of post-graduates and interns of a medical institution towards nicotine replacement therapy and provide baseline data for future research towards nicotine replacement therapy. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross‑sectional survey was carried over a period of 3 months among 200 Post-graduates and Interns from Rajarajeswari Medical College & Hospital in Bangalore, Karnataka. Data was collected using a 24‑item closed ended self-administered questionnaire, subdivided into four (categories:-demographic details, assessment of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) knowledge, assessment of attitude, assessment of practice and barriers. Data was subjected to statistical analysis). RESULT:-Among the 200 participants, 91.5% of the students had heard about NRT, 52% (n=104) of the participant knew about the different forms of delivering NRT. More than one half of the participants 67% (n=134) of the participants were not aware of the duration of use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)nearly 93.7% of the participant were unaware about the dosage of NRT. This was statistically significant as per obtained (p<0.001*).About 73.5% (n=145) of the participants were not aware about the side-effects of NRT. The attitude towards nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) should be included in the present academic curriculum is positive as 87% (n=174) responding it should include in the academic curriculum. This was statistically significant as per obtained (p<0.001*). CONCLUSION:- The results indicates that lack of detailed knowledge regarding nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) reduces the chance of practicing inspite of having a positive attitude among institutionally attached health practitioners. It is recommended to have training programme on tobacco cessation counselling among medical professions.

scholarly journals Motivasi Berhenti Merokok pada Perokok Dewasa Muda Berdasarkan Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Esti Rossa Larasati ◽  
Wita Saraswati ◽  
Henny Utami Setiawan ◽  
Silda Sabila Rahma ◽  
Agustina Gianina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement

Pendahuluan: Merokok telah diketahui menjadi faktor resiko banyak penyakit dan kematian. Meskipun demikian, terdapat peningkatan prevalensi perokok berusia muda. Intervensi untuk meningkatkan angka berhenti merokok diharapkan efektif dilakukan. Desain intervensi tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh seberapa tinggi motivasi berhenti merokok. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi motivasi seseorang untuk berhenti merokok berdasarkan Transtheoretical Model (TTM), untuk menentukan hubungan faktor demografi dan pengetahuan rokok terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok, dan menemukan faktor-faktor yang membedakan motivasi untuk berhenti merokok. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di sekitar kampus B Universitas Airlangga pada September 2018 menggunakan metode survei, rancangan studi cross-sectional dengan teknik accidental sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini merupakan perokok berusia 17 - 25 tahun (n = 162). Hasil: Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa tingkat motivasi tertinggi terdapat pada tahap kontemplasi yaitu sebanyak 38,9% (62 responden). Tahap kontemplasi adalah tahap dimana seseorang masih berstatus sebagai perokok aktif, tetapi sudah berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok dalam 6 bulan ke depan, sehingga masih memiliki kecenderungan untuk membatalkan keinginan berhenti merokok. Profil demografi, seperti uang saku, jumlah teman merokok dan keberadaan perokok di rumah responden tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat motivasi berhenti merokok. Pengetahuan dan intensitas merokok berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok. Terdapat korelasi antara pengeluaran untuk merokok dan jumlah batang rokok per hari dengan motivasi berhenti merokok (p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Promosi kesehatan terkait berhenti merokok yang berfokus di kalangan remaja sangat perlu dilakukan. Intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk perokok pada tahap kontemplasi adalah mengadakan penyuluhan tentang bahaya merokok dan pemberian informasi adanya NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy).

scholarly journals Utilisation of smoking cessation aids among South African adult smokers: findings from a national survey of 18 208 South African adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e000637
Author(s):  
Israel Agaku ◽  
Catherine Egbe ◽  
Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
South African ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
The Past

ObjectiveTo examine the use of different cessation aids among current South African smokers who have ever tried to quit smoking.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingSouth Africa has progressively passed several policies over the past few decades to encourage smoking cessation. Data on cessation behaviours are needed to inform policymaking. We investigated utilisation of evidence-based cessation aids and e-cigarettes among current combustible smokers. Current tobacco use, past quit attempts and use of evidence-based cessation aids (counselling, nicotine replacement therapy or prescription medication) were self-reported. Data were weighted and analysed using descriptive and multivariable approaches (p<0.05).ParticipantsOnline participants were recruited from the national consumer database for News24—South Africa’s largest digital publisher. Of the 18 208 participants aged 18 years or older, there were 5657 current smokers of any combustible tobacco product (cigarettes, cigars, pipes or roll-your-own cigarettes), including 4309 who had ever attempted to quit during their lifetime.ResultsCurrent combustible tobacco smoking prevalence was 22.4% (95% CI: 21.2% to 23.5%), and 98.7% of all current smokers of any combustible tobacco were current cigarette smokers. Awareness of cessation aids was as follows among current combustible tobacco smokers: smoking cessation counselling programmes, 50.8% (95% CI: 48.1% to 53.6%); nicotine replacement therapy, 92.1% (95% CI: 90.5% to 93.6%); prescription cessation medication, 68.2% (95% CI: 65.2% to 70.6%). Awareness of cessation aids was lowest among Black Africans, men, and persons with little or no income. Of all current combustible tobacco smokers, 74.6% (95% CI: 72.2% to 76.7%) had ever attempted to quit and 42.8% (95% CI: 40.0% to 45.4%) of these quit attempters had ever used any cessation aid. Among current combustible smokers who attempted to quit in the past, ever e-cigarette users were more likely than never e-cigarette users to have ever used any cessation aid (50.6% vs 35.9%, p<0.05). Of current combustible smokers intending to quit, 66.7% (95% CI: 64.2% to 68.9%) indicated interest in using a cessation aid for future quitting. By specific aids, 24.7% (95% CI: 21.3% to 28.1%) of those planning to use any cessation aid were interested in getting help from a pharmacist, 44.6% (95% CI: 40.9% to 48.4%) from a doctor, 49.8% (95% CI: 46.0% to 53.6%) from someone who had successfully quit, 30.0% (95% CI: 26.7% to 33.4%) from a family member and 26.5% (95% CI: 23.0% to 30.0%) from web resources.ConclusionOnly two in five past quit attempters had ever used counselling/pharmacotherapy. Any putative benefits of e-cigarettes on cessation may be partly attributable to pharmacotherapy/counselling given concurrent use patterns among past quit attempters using e-cigarettes. Comprehensive tobacco control and prevention strategies can help reduce aggregate tobacco consumption.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e029252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Jackson ◽  
Emily Hill ◽  
Lion Shahab ◽  
Emma Beard ◽  
Susan Michie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nicotine Replacement ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
A Prospective Study

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of, and sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics associated with, long-term e-cigarette use compared with long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use.DesignCross-sectional and prospective survey, the Smoking Toolkit Study, with baseline data collected between September 2014 and September 2016 and follow-ups at 6 and 12 months.SettingEngland.ParticipantsPopulation representative sample of 40 933 adults aged 16+ years.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of long-term (≥12 months) use of e-cigarettes and NRT by retrospective self-report among baseline respondents (all adults, n=40 933; smokers, n=8406) and current use at baseline, 6 months and 12 months in a subsample of smokers who responded to follow-up (n=733).ResultsOf baseline respondents, 1.5% (95% CI 1.4% to 1.6%, n=604) of adults and 3.9% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.3%, n=327) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 0.5% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.6%, n=205) of adults and 1.3% (95% CI 1.1% to 1.5%, n=112) of smokers were long-term NRT users. Assessed prospectively, 13.4% (95% CI 10.9% to 15.9%, n=100) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 1.9% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.9%, n=14) were long-term NRT users. Among all adults, long-term use by never smokers of either e-cigarettes (0.1%, n=27) or NRT (0.0%, n=7) was rare. Among past-year smokers, long-term e-cigarette and NRT use was higher among older smokers compared with those who were 16–34 years old (OR range=1.55–5.21). Long-term e-cigarette use only was lower in smokers who were less educated (OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.81), from social grades C2DE (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.84) and with children in the household (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85). Long-term e-cigarette use and long-term NRT use were higher among smokers more motivated to quit (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.60 and OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.46).ConclusionsIn the adult population in England, long-term use of e-cigarettes and long-term use of NRT are almost exclusively by current or ex-smokers. Only a minority of past-year smokers retrospectively report long-term e-cigarette or NRT use, but this figure may be an underestimate, especially for e-cigarette use, which is more than threefold higher when assessed prospectively.

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