scholarly journals At-Risk Butterfly Captive Propagation Programs to Enhance Life History Knowledge and Effective Ex Situ Conservation Techniques

10.3791/60591 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaret C. Daniels ◽  
Geena M. Hill ◽  
Kristin A. Rossetti ◽  
Stephanie J. Sanchez ◽  
Jacob A. Hornfeldt
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Life History ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Captive Propagation

scholarly journals Effects of personality and life-history on the welfare of captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitendu Goswami ◽  
Praveen C Tyagi ◽  
Pradeep K Malik ◽  
Shwetank J Pandit ◽  
Riyazahmed F Kadivar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Repetitive Behaviours ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Welfare Indices

Background The long-term success of ex-situ conservation programmes depends on husbandry and enrichment practices complemented by a robust welfare assessment protocol. Most zoos and conservation programmes continue to employ a bottom-up approach to measure animal welfare that often fails to account for intraspecific variations. Despite accepting animal sentience, we are yet to address individuality and its role in governing animal welfare in captive conditions. We explored the role of individuality (personality traits, and life history) on behaviour-based welfare indices of 35 (14:21) captive Asiatic lions in Sakkarbaug Zoological Garden, Junagadh, India. We categorized the subjects based on personality traits (bold or shy), life history (wild-rescued or captive-raised) and gender, and compared welfare indices in the form of behavioural diversity, latency to novel objects, enclosure usage patterns and aberrant repetitive behaviours between the groups. Further, we assessed the inter-relationships between different behavioural measures of welfare. Results Our results show that intraspecific variations based on life history and personality traits consistently predict the welfare states of captive lions. Asiatic lions with bold traits (M=0.5, SD=0.12, n=21) and captive-raised life history (M=0.47, SD=0.12, n=16) used enclosure space more homogenously compared to shy (M=0.71, SD=0.15, n=14) and wild-rescued (M=0.67, SD=0.15, n=19) animals. Behaviour diversity was significantly higher in captive-raised (M=1.26, SD=0.3, n=16) and bold (M=1.23, SD=0.26, n=21) subjects compared to wild-rescued (M=0.83, SD=0.35, n=19) and shy (M=0.73, SD=0.34, n=14) individuals. On the other hand, aberrant repetitive behaviours (stereotypy) were significantly lower in bold (M=7.01, SD=3.9, n=21) and captive-raised (M = 7.74, SD = 5.3) individuals compared to wild-rescued (M=13.12, SD=6.25, n=19) and shy (M=16.13, SD=5.4, n=16) lions. Behaviour diversity was reliably predicted by the enclosure usage patterns and aberrant repetitive behaviours displayed by subjects. The enclosure usage pattern of subjects was predicted by their latency to novel objects, behaviour diversity, and age. Discussion Our findings underline the importance of individual-centric, behaviour-based, and multi-dimensional welfare assessment tools in ex-situ conservation programmes. The results suggest that behavioural welfare indices complemented with personality can help improve welfare of Asiatic lions and highlight the critical need to address intraspecific variation in behavioural welfare measures in captive animals.

scholarly journals Effects of personality and life-history on the welfare of captive Asiatic lions (Panthera leo persica)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sitendu Goswami ◽  
Praveen C Tyagi ◽  
Pradeep K Malik ◽  
Shwetank J Pandit ◽  
Riyazahmed F Kadivar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Repetitive Behaviours ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Intraspecific Variations ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
Welfare Indices

Background The long-term success of ex-situ conservation programmes depends on husbandry and enrichment practices complemented by a robust welfare assessment protocol. Most zoos and conservation programmes continue to employ a bottom-up approach to measure animal welfare that often fails to account for intraspecific variations. Despite accepting animal sentience, we are yet to address individuality and its role in governing animal welfare in captive conditions. We explored the role of individuality (personality traits, and life history) on behaviour-based welfare indices of 35 (14:21) captive Asiatic lions in Sakkarbaug Zoological Garden, Junagadh, India. We categorized the subjects based on personality traits (bold or shy), life history (wild-rescued or captive-raised) and gender, and compared welfare indices in the form of behavioural diversity, latency to novel objects, enclosure usage patterns and aberrant repetitive behaviours between the groups. Further, we assessed the inter-relationships between different behavioural measures of welfare. Results Our results show that intraspecific variations based on life history and personality traits consistently predict the welfare states of captive lions. Asiatic lions with bold traits (M=0.5, SD=0.12, n=21) and captive-raised life history (M=0.47, SD=0.12, n=16) used enclosure space more homogenously compared to shy (M=0.71, SD=0.15, n=14) and wild-rescued (M=0.67, SD=0.15, n=19) animals. Behaviour diversity was significantly higher in captive-raised (M=1.26, SD=0.3, n=16) and bold (M=1.23, SD=0.26, n=21) subjects compared to wild-rescued (M=0.83, SD=0.35, n=19) and shy (M=0.73, SD=0.34, n=14) individuals. On the other hand, aberrant repetitive behaviours (stereotypy) were significantly lower in bold (M=7.01, SD=3.9, n=21) and captive-raised (M = 7.74, SD = 5.3) individuals compared to wild-rescued (M=13.12, SD=6.25, n=19) and shy (M=16.13, SD=5.4, n=16) lions. Behaviour diversity was reliably predicted by the enclosure usage patterns and aberrant repetitive behaviours displayed by subjects. The enclosure usage pattern of subjects was predicted by their latency to novel objects, behaviour diversity, and age. Discussion Our findings underline the importance of individual-centric, behaviour-based, and multi-dimensional welfare assessment tools in ex-situ conservation programmes. The results suggest that behavioural welfare indices complemented with personality can help improve welfare of Asiatic lions and highlight the critical need to address intraspecific variation in behavioural welfare measures in captive animals.

scholarly journals Casting the Net Widely for Change in Animal Welfare: The Plight of Birds in Zoos, Ex Situ Conservation, and Conservation Fieldwork

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Gisela Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Species At Risk ◽  
Avian Behavior ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Welfare Model

This paper discusses paradoxes in our relationship to and treatment of birds in captive and conservation contexts. The paper identifies modern and new challenges that arise from declining bird numbers worldwide. Such challenges have partly changed zoos into providers of insurance populations specifically for species at risk of extinction. They have also accelerated fieldwork projects, but by using advanced technological tools and in increasing numbers, contradictorily, they may cause serious harm to the very birds studied for conservation purposes. In practice, very few avian species have any notable protection or guarantee of good treatment. The paper first deals with shortcomings of identifying problematic avian behavior in captive birds. It then brings together specific cases of field studies and captive breeding for conservation in which major welfare deficits are identified. Indeed, the paper argues that avian welfare is now an urgent task. This is not just because of declining bird numbers but because of investment in new technologies in field studies that may have introduced additional stressors and put at risk bird survival. While the paper documents a substantial number of peer-reviewed papers criticizing practices counter to modern welfare standards, they have by and large not led to changes in some practices. Some solutions are suggested that could be readily implemented and, to my knowledge, have never been considered under a welfare model before.

Ex-situ conservation of medicinal plant genetic resources managed by national agrobiodiversity center of Korea

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Sung ◽  
CW Jeong ◽  
YY Lee ◽  
HS Lee ◽  
YA Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ

The Nagoya Protocol and the Role of Research Resource Centers as Ex-situ Conservation Institutes

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-69
Author(s):  
Hyeyeon Im ◽  
Minkyung Jung ◽  
Kyungsook Ahn ◽  
Ki Hyun Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Nagoya Protocol

Ex Situ Conservation of Rare Medicinal Plants in the Botanical Garden (Institute) of Academy of Sciences of Moldova

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Nina Ciocârlan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Field Collection ◽  
Ecological Flexibility ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract This work refers to the native species of genus Astragalus L. (A. dasyanthus, A. ponticus), Adonis L. (A. vernalis, A. wolgensis) and Digitalis L. (D. lanata, D. grandiflora). The plants are cultivated in the Botanical Garden of Moldova in the field collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants. Investigation includes propagation aspects, research into cultivation techniques and conservation measures. The biological particularities and the phenologic rhythm are also registered. The obtained data shows the ecological flexibility of species and the possibility of preserving them in culture.

SEED FEATURES OF IMPORTANT TIMBER SPECIES FROM THE FLOODPLAIN VÁRZEA FOREST: IMPLICATIONS FOR EX SITU CONSERVATION PROGRAMS IN THE AMAZON

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auristela Dos Santos Conserva ◽  
Denise Garcia de Santana ◽  
Maria Teresa Fernandez Piedade
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Conservation Programs

Collection, ex situ conservation and characterization of mangaba (Hancornia speciose Gomes) germplasm in coastal lowland of Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Veruska Cruz da Silva ◽  
Jéssica Monalisa S. P. Oliveira ◽  
Milena Nascimento Cardoso ◽  
Ana Letícia Sirqueira Nascimento ◽  
Tássia Fernanda S. N. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Coastal Lowland

scholarly journals Ex Situ Conservation of Large and Small Plant Populations Illustrates Limitations of Common Conservation Metrics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Falon Cartwright ◽  
Michael Dosmann ◽  
Jeremie Fant ◽  
Ethan Freid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Small Plant

scholarly journals Status of the Ex Situ and In Situ Conservation of Brazilian Crop Wild Relatives of Rice, Potato, Sweet Potato, and Finger Millet: Filling the Gaps of Germplasm Collections

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Marcelo B. Medeiros ◽  
José F. M. Valls ◽  
Aluana G. Abreu ◽  
Gustavo Heiden ◽  
Suelma Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finger Millet ◽  
Ex Situ Conservation ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
The Status

This study presents the status of ex situ and in situ conservation for the crop wild relatives of rice, potato, sweet potato, and finger millet in Brazil, and the subsequent germplasm collection expeditions. This research is part of a global initiative entitled “Adapting Agriculture to Climate Change: Collecting, Protecting, and Preparing Crop Wild Relatives” supported by the Global Crop Diversity Trust. Species of the primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools with occurrences reported in Brazil were included: Oryza alta Swallen, O. grandiglumis (Döll) Prod., O. latifolia Desv., O. glumaepatula Steud., Eleusine tristachya (Lam.) Lam., E. indica (L.) Gaertn., Solanum commersonii Dunal, S. chacoense Bitter, Ipomoea grandifolia (Dammer) O’Donell, I. ramosissima (Poir.) Choisy, I. tiliacea (Willd.) Choisy, I. triloba L., and I. cynanchifolia Meisn. The status of the ex situ and in situ conservation of each taxon was assessed using the gap analysis methodology, and the results were used to plan 16 germplasm collection expeditions. Seeds of the collected material were evaluated for viability, and the protocols for seed germination and cryopreservation were tested. The final conservation score, resulting from the gap analysis and including the average of the ex situ and in situ scores, resulted in a classification of medium priority of conservation for all the species, with the exception of I. grandifolia (high priority). The total accessions collected (174) almost doubled the total accessions of these crop wild relatives incorporated in Embrapa’s ex situ conservation system prior to 2015. In addition, accessions for practically absent species were collected for the ex situ conservation system, such as Ipomoea species, Eleusine indica, and Solanum chacoense. The methods used for dormancy breaking and low temperature conservation for the Oryza, Eleusine, and Ipomoea species were promising for the incorporation of accessions in the respective gene banks. The results show the importance of efforts to collect and conserve ex situ crop wild relatives in Brazil based on previous gap analysis. The complementarity with the in situ strategy also appears to be very promising in the country.

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