scholarly journals JSMCRP: Cross-Layer Architecture based Joint-Synchronous MAC and Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
Shruti Birur Viswanath ◽  
Thippeswamy Muddenahalli Nagendrappa ◽  
Krishna Rao Venkatesh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Monitoring And Control

The exponential rise in wireless technologies and allied applications has revitalized academia-industries to develop more efficient and economic routing solution to meet Quality-of-Service (QoS) provision. Amongst the major wireless communication systems, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the most sought technology for defense surveillance, healthcare monitoring, industrial monitoring and control, civic and strategic infrastructure surveillance etc. Additionally, the up surge in Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) communication systems too have broadened the horizon for WSNs based communication. However, the parallel increase in communication environment, complex network conditions etc confine efficacy of the classical WSN protocols. Dynamic network and node conditions often force classical protocols to undergo pre-mature link outage, delayed transmission, energy exhaustion and eventual QoS violation. To address such issues enhancing Median Access Control (MAC) and allied routing decision can have vital significance. However major existing efforts either focus on MAC enhancement or routing optimization, even under static WSN topology. Considering it as motive in this paper a highly robust “Cross-layer architecture based Joint-Synchronous MAC and Routing Protocol for WSN communication (JSMCRP)” has been developed. Being cross layer model JSMCRP protocol employs Application Layer, Network Layer, MAC Layer and PHY Layer to perform Network Adaptive MAC scheduling and Dynamic Routing Decision. JSMCRP employs Data Traffic Assessment, Prioritization and Scheduling (DTAPS), Proactive Network Monitoring and Knowledge (PNMK), Dynamic Congestion Index Estimation (DCIE), Adaptive Link Quality, Packet Injection Rate and Cumulative Rank Sensitive Routing Decision (CRSRD) to perform routing decision. Additionally, exploiting dynamic network/node conditions it performs Cognitive MAC scheduling to ensure QoS centric communication over IEEE 802.15.4 protocol stack. JSMCRP exhibited higher PDR, lower PLR and low delay under varying network conditions, suitable for real-time communication over constrained mobile WSN conditions.

scholarly journals Trust-based energy-efficient routing protocol for Internet of things–based sensor networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 155014772096435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas ◽  
Zahid Ullah ◽  
Fakhri Alam Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hasanain Chaudary ◽  
Muhammad Sheraz Arshed Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Network Lifetime ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Network Throughput ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Packet Latency

Internet of things grew swiftly and many services, software, sensors-embedded electronic devices and related protocols were developed and still in progress with full swing. Internet of things enabling physically existing things to see, hear, think and perform a notable task by allowing them to talk to each other and share useful information while making decision and caring-on/out their important tasks. Internet of things is greatly promoted by wireless sensor network as it becomes a perpetual layer for it. Wireless sensor network works as a base-stone for most of the Internet of things applications. There are severe general and specific threats and technical challenges to Internet of things–based sensor networks which must overcome to ensure adaptation and diffusion of it. Most of the limitations of wireless sensor networks are due to its resource constraint objects nature. The specified open research challenges in Internet of things–based sensor network are power consumption, network lifespan, network throughput, routing and network security. To overcome aforementioned problems, this work aimed to prolong network lifetime, improve throughput, decrease packet latency/packet loss and further improvise in encountering malicious nodes. To further tune the network lifetime in terms of energy, wireless harvesting energy is suggested in proposed three-layer cluster-based wireless sensor network routing protocol. The proposed mechanism is a three-tier clustering technique with implanted security mechanism to encounter malicious activities of sensor nodes and to slant them into blacklist. It is a centred-based clustering protocol, where selection of cluster head and grid head is carried out by sink node based on the value of its cost function. Moreover, hardware-based link quality estimators are used to check link effectiveness and to further improve routing efficiency. At the end, excessive experiments have been carried out to check efficacy of the proposed protocol. It outperforms most of its counterpart protocols such as fuzzy logic–based unequal clustering and ant colony optimization–based routing hybrid, Artificial Bee Colony-SD, enhanced three-layer hybrid clustering mechanism and energy aware multi-hop routing in terms of network lifetime, network throughput, average energy consumption and packet latency.

scholarly journals Delay Tolerant Cluster Based Routing For Wireless Sensor Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
N Saranya ◽  
Mr. S.V. Manisekaran
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Dynamic Network ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
End To End ◽  
Cluster Based Routing ◽  
Transmission Overhead

In a dynamic Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) the movement of each sensor node affects the structure of network which may result in inefficient routing. Various difficulties in a dynamic network may include lack of communication between the nodes, end to end delay and transmission overhead. Transmitting data in a dynamic network to the destination node with less delay is the major problem to be addressed. Sensed data can be transmitted using flooding scheme, where the end to end delay can be minimized but results in transmission overhead. In this scheme sensed data is broadcasted to all the nearby nodes until it reaches the sink node. The proposed system make use of cluster based routing protocol, where the sensor nodes with similar mobility pattern are grouped into cluster. Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) scheme is used for updating the nodal contact probability of each cluster node. Two Gateway nodes are selected for routing which performs data transmission. The simulation result shows that cluster based routing protocol implemented for a dynamic wireless sensor network result in less end to end delay.

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