The Effects of Transportation Accessibility on Population, Employment, and Gross Regional Domestic Product: A Comparative Analysis of Road and Rail Accessibility in Urban and Rural Areas

Against the backdrop of rapid urbanization and severe population aging, older adults living alone or with a spouse in China have become a special and vulnerable group that deserve more research attention. Based on a national sample of 3886 older adults (≥60 years old) living alone or with a spouse, we used multiple linear regression models to investigate the effect of children’s support on depression among older adults living alone or with a spouse in China. A comparative analysis was conducted to examine the differences between urban and rural areas. The results indicated that financial support from children was negatively correlated with depression among older adults living alone or with a spouse, especially in rural areas. Their children’s frequency of contact also significantly alleviated depression among non-cohabiting parents in rural areas, but not for the same types of parents living in urban areas. Compared with financial support, their children’s frequency of contact contributes more to decreasing depression among older adults living alone or with a spouse. The effect of their children’s support on depression is comparable to that of demographic characteristics, which are usually deemed as important factors in the psychological health of older adults. Moreover, we found that the marginal effects of self-rated health and pain were significant and much higher than other control variables, especially in the urban model.

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COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL READINESS OF URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS OF 7-8 CLASSES

Chronos Journal ◽

10.52013/2658-7556-56-6-10 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (6(56)) ◽

pp. 29-31

Author(s):

Vladimir Sokolov ◽

Elena Kostenko ◽

Semyon Uyutkina

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Comparative Assessment ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Rural Students ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Normative Documents ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

In connection with the adjustment of the program and normative documents of educational institutions, a comparative analysis was carried out and an assessment of the level of physical fitness of students in grades 7-8 living in urban and rural areas was given. The results of the study confirmed the need to take into account the living conditions of children when organizing and conducting physical education lessons at school.

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Justice and inequality in the household consumption in Russia and China: A comparative analysis

RUDN Journal of Sociology ◽

10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-1-50-67 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 50-67

Author(s):

P. M. Kozyreva ◽

Di Zhu ◽

A. E. Nizamova ◽

A. I. Smirnov

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Durable Goods ◽

Household Consumption ◽

Urban China ◽

Public Utility ◽

Economic Stratification ◽

The Difference ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the household consumption in Russia and China on the basis of the reputable empirical information sources. The article focuses on the main trends and peculiarities in how households from each country differed in terms of the structure and level of consumption under dramatic transformations associated with market reforms. Inequality in consumption in Russia and China, which can be characterized as high or excessive, largely determines the overall situation with social inequality and significantly influences the development of state social policy in various fields. As for the most differentiating items of expenditure for both countries, those are groceries, durable goods, public utility payments, cultural activities and entertainment. After noting the effect that income has on consumption, which is undeniable, though differs in nature and degree, the authors focus on other factors of this type of inequality, in particular, on the territorial, regional and settlement-specific characteristics of consumption inequality in both countries. The authors argue that in Russia, there is significant regional inequality in consumption, while in China such inequality is more settlement-specific; there are also differences in consumption inequality between urban and rural areas, which contribute to the overall situation with social inequality. In China, urban household expenditures are growing much faster than those of rural households, while in Russia the difference is not that pronounced. That said, the share of spending on groceries in the structure of expenditures is decreasing more rapidly in urban China, and compared to Russia, there is a smaller gap between urban and rural areas. At the same time in China, consumption inequality as a result of age and class differences is a much more acute issue, while in Russia, the differences caused by intensifying economic stratification seem to be a more important factor of inequality.

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