Differentiation of the somatic structure and the level of motor potential of athletes in mixed martial arts (MMA) and Brazilian jiu-jitsu (BJJ) sections

The aim of the research was to assess the differentiation of the body structure and the level of motor potential of the athletes practising different disciplines in the field of combat sports in Legion Team Sports Club in Tarnów. The athletes, aged 19-20, with training experience of 3-5 years, were compared in two groups. The first group consisted of athletes practising mixed martial arts, so called MMA, and the other group, of athletes practising Brazilian ju-jitsu, so called BJJ. 30 practitioners were examined. The basic elements of the somatic structure, i.e. body height, body weight, body fat content and BMI were measured and BMI indexes were calculated. Selected manifestations of motor potential were also measured: static balance, plain reaction time to a visual stimulus, trunk flexibility, static strength of forearms, relative strength, explosive strength of lower limbs, MAW, muscle activation speed and resistance of abdominal muscles to fatigue as anaerobic strength. In the course of the analyses it was found that: the body structure of the athletes training in different combat sports sections does not significantly differentiate them. The athletes in both (BJJ and MMA) sections displayed a similar level of the basic somatic build. The level of motor skills in the BJJ and MMA sections significantly differentiated the athletes in these sections in terms of static strength (p = 0.045), relative strength (p = 0.044) and fatigue resistance, i.e. anaerobic strength (p = 0.002). The higher level of these elements of motor skills was demonstrated by the BJJ section athletes.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO THE PROBLEM OF FORMATION OF THE LANGUAGE SYSTEM OF THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE IN EARLY AND PRESCHOOL AGE

The article deals with the problems of forming the language system of the Kazakh (native) language in preschool age. The importance of studying the regularities and features of the formation of components of the language system in the course of speech ontogenesis of children of early and preschool age is revealed. It is emphasized that in the course of scientific research, as close as possible to touch the speech-motor potential of each child, while ensuring not only a tolerant attitude to children's innovations and children's speech style, but also to pay maximum attention to the natural process of mastering the native language and the features of thestructure of the speech-language mechanism.The authors identified effective ways to study and explain the ontogenesis of speech –the process of learning the native language by children. Scientific approaches to the consideration of language phenomena inthe child's speech and the prospects for conducting ontolinguistic research are also identified.

The Significance of Selected Tests Characterizing Motor Potential in Achieving High Results in Speed Climbing

Study aim. The main aim of research was to verify which of the countermovement jumps (CMJ) provides the most accurate information on the possibility of obtaining the best result in a climbing run and to assess the coexistence (correlation) of the running result as well as the reaction time to an auditory signal. Material and methods. The study was conducted among a group of male climbers at the average age of 20.5 years (n=6). At the time of the measurements, the competitors presented the highest sports level and were members of the Polish National Team in the speed climbing competition. Somatic measurements were carried out successively, followed by measurements of simple reaction time and various jumps. Results. Correlations between the studied variables characteristic of somatic features as well as motor skills with climbing time were, in most cases, not significant. Statistically significant correlations at the level of p<0.05 were found between running time and the following trials: CMJb (cm) (rx,y: -0.88); PmaxCMJb (W/kg) (rx,y: -0.88) and PmaxCMJb (W/LBMkg) (rx,y: -0.86). Conclusions. CMJ without arm swing is a valuable tool in assessing the motor potential of a sprinting climber and is a test of great informative value in the context of the possibility to obtain high results in a speed climbing competition. The applied test to assess the level of response time to the auditory signal was a trial, which to a moderate extent, allows to diagnose the possibility of achieving high results in a speed climbing sprint.

Study Regarding the Somatic and Psycho-Motor Skills for the Track and Field Initial Selection

The selection of children with a very good psycho-motor potential was and still is a permanent occupation of the experts in the field. One can notice a permanent preoccupation for finding useful standards, scales, and models necessary to spot athletic talents. The selection criteria for track and field, in the initial stage, are primarily motor. They consisted in control challenges and norms through which the coaches, throughout their careers using their experience, have designed their own models on the way in which running or a future champion should be. They have created their own standards for the tests applied to the children, through which they assess the children's skills and their own conception regarding the workload.