Crows nesting on utility poles in Hokkaido: the cost of removal and the environmental characteristics of areas with many crow nests

Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) is a process which electrical network operators can implement to improve efficiency by dynamically adjusting the load capacity as conditions allow. To implement DLR an accurate model of the conductors and their clearances is needed. Airborne LiDAR, while expensive, is the most common method of collecting line data as it is fast and is of high quality. State of the art methods for automatically reconstructing conductors first classify conductor points before fitting conductor models. This approach works well for high tension lines with significant separation between conductors but tends to perform poorly in urban environments where conductors are packed tightly together and surrounded by clutter. The method presented in this article attempts to overcome these challenges by performing an informed search for the conductors, anchored to the utility poles. Before the conductors are classified, their layout and sag are estimated, converting conductor segmentation into a linear problem; and a 3D to 2D projection is used to improve density and simplify clustering. The work also attempts to reduce the cost of conductor reconstruction by utilising lower-cost vehicle-mounted LiDAR. By avoiding point classification, higher precision can be achieved in scenarios where previous methods have suffered from significantly degraded performance.

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Model for Determining Paratransit Eligibility under the Americans with Disabilities Act

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198105190300109 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1903 (1) ◽

pp. 78-85

Author(s):

Carol R. Denson

Keyword(s):

Cost Effectiveness ◽

Relational Database ◽

Infinite Number ◽

Americans With Disabilities Act ◽

Computational Algorithm ◽

Large Array ◽

Environmental Characteristics ◽

The Cost

A model is described for the rational characterization and determination of paratransit eligibility for individuals under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The model refines the process of determining paratransit eligibility by comparing, at the microstructure level, the mobility characteristics of a given individual with the environmental characteristics for a given trip. The large array of data that results presents an infinite number of possibilities in the comparison. A relational database was therefore created, along with a specially designed computational algorithm, to generate these comparisons quickly. Thus, the model provides the capability to make eligibility determinations quickly and objectively. In addition, the model allows for the virtual removal of selected barriers and then prediction of the cost-effectiveness that results from the reduced need for selected paratransit trips.

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Revisiting weed infestation of agricultural lands from zones near utility poles

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202016406019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 06019

Author(s):

Kirill Zhichkin ◽

Vladimir Nosov ◽

Lyudmila Zhichkina ◽

Yury Shlenov ◽

Yulia Melnikova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Treatment ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Field Research ◽

Specific Weight ◽

Agricultural Lands ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Utility Poles ◽

Weeds Control ◽

The Cost

Field research of land lots over a 4865 ha area has demonstrated that the main sources of agricultural lands infestation are raw pieces of land (inarable lands), wood lines, dirt roads or indigested manure, used as organic fertilizer. The specific weight of weeds patches around the power line support is less than 0.013% of all weeds sources, suggesting that there is a minimum damage to agricultural crops, compared to other sources of weeds distribution in the given area. The authors of the paper propose to use chemical treatment with non-selective herbicides as the most effective measure of weeds control around the utility poles, at a cost, according to the results of the research, of 0.21 rub/ha. As a result, the issue of compensation payments to agricultural producers from energy companies should be defined by the cost value of chemical treatment of agricultural lands in zones near utility poles.

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The IBM-PC in electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165525 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 612-613

Author(s):

James F. Mancuso

Keyword(s):

Head Start ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Financial Applications ◽

Number Of Factors ◽

Instrument Control ◽

The Cost ◽

Training And Support ◽

Control Image ◽

Ibm Pc

IBM PC compatible computers are widely used in microscopy for applications ranging from control to image acquisition and analysis. The choice of IBM-PC based systems over competing computer platforms can be based on technical merit alone or on a number of factors relating to economics, availability of peripherals, management dictum, or simple personal preference.IBM-PC got a strong “head start” by first dominating clerical, document processing and financial applications. The use of these computers spilled into the laboratory where the DOS based IBM-PC replaced mini-computers. Compared to minicomputer, the PC provided a more for cost-effective platform for applications in numerical analysis, engineering and design, instrument control, image acquisition and image processing. In addition, the sitewide use of a common PC platform could reduce the cost of training and support services relative to cases where many different computer platforms were used. This could be especially true for the microscopists who must use computers in both the laboratory and the office.

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New Feasible Concepts of Aberration Correction for Realizing High-Resolution Electron Microscopes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179762 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 202-203

Author(s):

H. Rose

Keyword(s):

Spherical Aberration ◽

Wave Length ◽

Electron Wave ◽

Optical Lens ◽

Resolution Electron ◽

Rotationally Symmetric ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

The Cost ◽

Imaging Performance ◽

Acceleration Voltage

The imaging performance of the light optical lens systems has reached such a degree of perfection that nowadays numerical apertures of about 1 can be utilized. Compared to this state of development the objective lenses of electron microscopes are rather poor allowing at most usable apertures somewhat smaller than 10-2 . This severe shortcoming is due to the unavoidable axial chromatic and spherical aberration of rotationally symmetric electron lenses employed so far in all electron microscopes.The resolution of such electron microscopes can only be improved by increasing the accelerating voltage which shortens the electron wave length. Unfortunately, this procedure is rather ineffective because the achievable gain in resolution is only proportional to λ1/4 for a fixed magnetic field strength determined by the magnetic saturation of the pole pieces. Moreover, increasing the acceleration voltage results in deleterious knock-on processes and in extreme difficulties to stabilize the high voltage. Last not least the cost increase exponentially with voltage.

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