scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF GENESIS, DEVELOPMENT AND VALUES OF VILNIUS HISTORIC SUBURBS

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Dalia Dijokienė
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Town

The object of investigation is peculiarities of the genesis, development and values of Vilnius historic suburbs. Historic suburbs are the territories of a town which at one stage of their genesis were suburbs and their founding is interrelated with the founding of the town and which were in formation until the mid nineteenth century. The territory under study is the administrative boarders of Vilnius in 1939–1940. Most European towns no longer have such territories: they have lost their uniqueness, gradually disappeared or were destroyed during wars and have been replaced by modern urban structures and parks. In Lithuania the historic kernels of towns are still surrounded by historic suburbs. The investigation includes a chronological table presenting the development of Vilnius town, an analysis of the following urban structure elements of the suburbs: the network of streets; the structure of land holdings; the type of building-up of squares, streets and land holdings; complexes and ensembles of buildings; distinct features of the natural settings; panoramas and silhouettes; compositional links with the town’s kernel; distinctive urban and architectural features of the historic suburbs under study preserved up to date. The reasons of founding of the suburbs are defined and their types are distinguished. It is stated that historic suburbs have historic and cultural value. The values of historic suburbs play a role in the preservation of the town’s uniqueness and supplement the process of the town’s formation.

Shakespeare and the Birth of Polish Romanticism: Vilna 1786–1846

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Komorowski
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
The Town ◽  
Grand Duchy

The first phase of a long and complex process of the Polish reception of William Shakespeare's oeuvre ended in the middle of the nineteenth century with the popularization of new translations and the gradual elimination of French and German classicist adaptations. Vilna, vital centre of Polish culture, science and art, was the birthplace of Polish Romanticism and a hotbed of theatrical innovation. Vilna was also, at the turn of the eighteenth century, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and one of the major cities of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The school stage of Vilna Academy, established by Stefan Batory in 1578, had been active since 1582. In 1639, English actors belonging to Robert Archer's company may have visited the town; though the performances planned by King Wladyslaw IV did not take place. A permanent professional theatre was opened in 1785, when Wojciech Boguslawski, the greatest personality of the theatre of the Polish Enlightenment, came up from Warsaw with his troupe.

scholarly journals Transformation of the landscape of pre-industrial space in the multimedia depiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Dariusz Lorek
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Industrial Landscape ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
The Town

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The issue touched upon in the research is connected with the interdisciplinary attitude towards the study of the constantly changing landscape in the nineteenth century Central Europe. Such interdisciplinarity results from the combination of the historical approach with the geographical attitude towards the examination of the past presented by unique cartographic materials.</p><p>The aim of the research was to work out the method of employing cartographic sources and adapting other sources of spatial information for the study and presentation of the landscape transformations in the nineteenth century that occurred as a result of the industrialization process in Europe.</p><p>Prussian manuscript topographic maps at 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;25&amp;thinsp;000 scale along with early nineteenth-century maps depicting the pre-industrial landscape constitute a significant cartographic source of knowledge. Apart from city plans and other maps, also space descriptions, preserved statistical data, documents, inventories and archives were utilized as sources of spatial information. Photographs, postcards and prints depicting the nineteenth-century landscape were another relevant source of information. Moreover, the data collected during field work, e.g. pictures and short videos made in selected research areas, were also highly useful. The research was conducted, for example, in towns of Greater Poland of different level of economic development. A few types of settlement units were selected, i.e. the village, the town with a mansion (palace), the ‘Olęder’ settlement and the town.</p><p>On the basis of maps and archives collected for the research area the multimedia method of presentation of landscape types and their transformations, with the employment of geoinformation tools, was suggested. That methodology of multimedia integration of historical materials allowed one to demonstrate consecutive stages of the transformation characteristic of the nineteenth-century landscape.</p><p>As a result, it became possible to define landscape types for the areas of different level of transformation and preserve the pre-industrial state. Short videos consisting of several sequences that demonstrated the changing form of specific topographic objects, elements of the landscape from the nineteenth century till this day, were the effect of the work. On the basis of the nineteenth-century topographic maps that employed the hatching method for the demonstration of the relief the models of the terrain were generated, which allowed one to create the transition from the parallel perspective to the bird’s eye view that was employed to depict the pre-industrial landscape.</p>

scholarly journals Supporting a Decision for Informal Settlements Development using the Analytical Network Process

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-153
Author(s):  
Ayman M. Zakaria Eraqi ◽  
Usama Hamed Issa ◽  
Mary A. A. Elminiawy
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Development Fund ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Third ◽  
Complex Problems ◽  
Network Process ◽  
Development Plans

Developing informal settlements has become an important issue for improving urban structures in developing countries. An Informal Settlements Development Fund (ISDF) was presented to Egypt for supporting urban, economic, social and environmental plans. Development plans do not clearly take into account population priorities or satisfaction criteria. Furthermore, evaluating several alternatives was based on usual statistical methods that cannot deal with multiple criteria or complex problems, leading to imprecise results. Nowadays, adding value to the developed area, restoring cost, and studying social and economic plan impacts on the population, represent high priorities. In this study, a model concerns the optimal decision evaluation for multi-criteria in informal settlements development was proposed. Five clusters (criteria) were identified and included the efficiencies of urban structure, economic, social, and environmental, in addition to population satisfaction. Twenty one internal factors represented in nods were categorized under the five clusters and affecting proposed four alternatives. The model depended on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique which is used to support multi-criteria decision making. ANP was selected for its capability to deal with complex problems, create dependencies and feedbacks as well as use the relative weights of all interactions. This technique confirms a logical decision and accurate prediction amongst numerous alternatives. The model was validated and applied to an informal settlements area as a case study in Egypt. The results supported to use first alternative by 38.20%, while the ISDF results selected the third alternative. Moreover, the detailed analysis emphasized that the first alternative was more balanced between the social elements and the direct economic requirements of the population, while the third alternative tended to achieve restoring cost despite its negative social effects. Lastly, the proposed model can be used appropriately in similar cases to improve informal settlements.

Branding or Excluding?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob van de Schoor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Branding Strategies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Heuristic Methodology

Various aspects of branding can be recognized in the Dutch nineteenthcentury literary book trade, even though for a long time publishers and booksellers shied away from the explicit commercialization of what was considered to be merchandize of superior cultural value. A search for examples of branding reveals that branding studies seem to lack their own heuristic methodology: what can be described as branding is often a relabelling of the findings of ‘old school’ literary studies. Moreover, the history of important nineteenth-century printing houses has yet to be written. Research into branding strategies therefore might be somewhat premature, although the branding concept might be useful for book historians in describing the relations between publisher (printer), author, and reader.

The Day after the Pogrom: A Documentary Account

2000 ◽  
pp. 347-355
Author(s):  
Józef Bekker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Socialist Movement ◽  
Vexed Question ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
The Town

This chapter assesses the wave of pogroms of 1903–06. The pogrom in Siedlce, which took place in September of 1906, was the last outbreak of the wave of violence which began in Kishinev in April of 1903. The main railway line from Warsaw to Terespol and on to Moscow ran through the town and was responsible for its expansion in the last part of the nineteenth century. It also accounted both for its strategic importance and for the presence there of a significant socialist movement. These factors explain the role of the Russian army, and in particular the Libau regiment, as well as the Monarchist League in organizing the pogrom. Estimates of Jewish casualties range from twenty-three dead to 100 dead and 300 wounded. The chapter highlights an account written in Russian by Józef Bekker, who was a well-known Yiddish journalist. Bekker's account illustrates many aspects of the problems raised by the wave of pogroms of 1903–06, in particular the vexed question of the degree to which this was orchestrated centrally and the role of the army and local tsarist officials in initiating anti-Jewish violence.

scholarly journals Artificial Barriers of the Cities

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Martina Peřinková ◽  
Eva Slováková ◽  
Václav Potůček
Keyword(s):  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pros And Cons

Urban structure is constantly changing. Its development was influenced by several important steps in history of any city. Up to interval of time, it is possible to accept the assessment of the pros and cons, but mainly emerging lessons for the future. When studying the map sources, the authors of the article found three main groups. These groups have got common working title barriers of the cities. For the single barriers of the cities were chosen the specific examples of urban structures on which the effects of their influence were demonstrated. On the basis of the influence of the three groups of barriers were defined two basic structures of the cities.

The Spinning House girls: Cambridge University's distinctive policing of prostitution, 1823–1894

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANET OSWALD
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Dual System ◽  
Town Centre ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Traditional Patterns ◽  
The University ◽  
The Town ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT:This article explores the regulation of prostitution in nineteenth-century Cambridge by an appraisal of the committal books of the university prison. Each evening in term-time the university proctors arrested and imprisoned local ‘streetwalkers’ in an attempt to protect the students’ morals. This research offers insight into the ways in which Cambridge's geography and its dual system of governance influenced the policing of prostitution in the town centre. The former compelled students and townspeople to share the same crowded space and the latter enabled the university to enforce traditional patterns of class and gender to control sexuality in the town.

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