scholarly journals BLESSING OR CURSE? THE IMPACTS OF NON-AGRICULTURAL PART-TIME WORK OF THE LARGE FARMER HOUSEHOLDS ON AGRICULTURAL LABOR PRODUCTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Xin Jiang ◽  
Shihu Zhong ◽  
Cancan Huang ◽  
Xiaoxin Guo ◽  
Jingjing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Large Farmer ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Agricultural Labor Productivity ◽  
Part Time Work

This study analyzes the mechanism of coexistence of non-agricultural part-time work of farmer households and large-scale cultivation of cultivated land, and the effect of non-agricultural part-time work of the large farmer households on the agricultural labor productivity. Results indicate that non-agricultural part-time work of large farmer households promotes the agricultural labor productivity, particularly for those with higher non-agricultural incomes, younger age, higher education level and shorter distance between working places in urban sectors and rural residence. At the mean value of the samples, non-agricultural part-time work of the large farmer households will improve agricultural labor productivity by 27.1%. These results remain consistent after we experiment several robustness checks and the instrumental variable method. Further, it is worth stressing that non-agricultural part-time work inhibits the agricultural production for farmer households with labors less than three, while it exhibits positive effects for those with labors more than three. Finally, analysis of mechanism suggests that non-agricultural part-time work of large farmer households enhances the productivity via entering the agricultural association, increasing farm mechanization degree, and promoting the centralized production and farm management on the transferred farmland. It’s suggestive to maintain total area of the transferred farmland to avoid the reverse effects and then the optimal total cultivated area within the range of (100, 200) Mu. Policy implications of our work are discussed.

The Effects of Part-Time Work on Women's Occupational Mobility in Britain: Evidence from the 1958 Birth Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. R20-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley Dex ◽  
Erzsébet Bukodi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Mobility ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Part Time Work

The effects of working part time on job downgrading and upgrading are examined over the life course of British women born in 1958. We use longitudinal data with complete work histories from a large-scale nationally representative cohort study. Occupations were ranked by their hourly average earnings. Analyses show a strong link between full-time/part-time transitions and downward and upward occupational mobility over the course of up to thirty years of employment. Probabilities of occupational mobility were affected by women's personal traits, occupational characteristics and demand-side factors. Downward mobility on moving from full-time to part-time work was more likely for women at the top levels of the occupational hierarchy working in male-dominated or mixed occupations and less likely in higher occupations with more part-time jobs available.

scholarly journals Equilibrium between business and private life of employees and managers: Benefits for balance of life and their effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 67-79
Author(s):  
Milica Mladenović
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Employee Assistance ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Due to demographic, economic and cultural changes at the global level, the importance of establishing a balance between business and private life of employees has increased. The need to balance life is especially pronounced in sales managers due to high pressure and constantly high levels of stress. The paper will propose various benefits that organizations can offer to contribute to balancing the lives of employees and managers: flexible working hours, part-time work, part-time work, division of labor, work from home, kindergarten for children in the office building and employee assistance programs in coping with stress. The introduction of a work-life balance program can have positive effects on both employee performance (e.g, increasing commitment to the organization) and organizational performance (e.g, attracting and retaining the best employees).

scholarly journals Never waste a good crisis – Which work-related COVID-19 changes are here to stay?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Ebinger ◽  
Jurgen Willems
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Data Collection Process ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Part Time Work

Which work-related COVID-19 changes are here to stay? We were able integrate a 9-item scale in the eleventh wave (12 June 2020 – 17 June 2020) of the large-scale data collection process of the Austrian Corona Panel Project . The items for the construct that we analyzed focused on whether respondents were in favor or against particular COVID-related changes in the work environment. Respondents are in general in favor to keep particular COVID-related changes in the working context, such as more flexibility with respect to home office, working hours, and part-time work. Respondent are also in favor for less bureaucratic procedures for sickness leave, and less business trips and outside appointment. However, this should not come with more employer control, nor with increasingly fading boundaries between personal and professional life contexts. These results mainly show the overall challenges for the future of work, where more autonomy and flexibility is desired, but not at the cost of losing a clear delineation between professional and personal contexts. Moreover, women are for several aspects more in favor to keep COVID-related changes, such as keeping distance in the work environment, less business trips, and flexibility with respect to part-time work and home-office. Younger respondents (under 45) are also in favor of less business trips and external appointments, however not as much as respondents above 45. Except for the reduction of business trips and external appointments, no significant differences are reported between employees of the private and the public sectors. This suggest how challenges are similar across these sectors, and both public and private organizations can learn from each other to shape new attractive work environments.

Cutting at the Wrong Edge: Gender, Part-Time Work and the Irish Retail Sector

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Tormey
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
National Level ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Women Employees ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Sector Part ◽  
Part Time Work

Part-time work has often been championed as a mechanism for facilitating women's entry into the labour force. Research based on large scale surveys has theorised that employers and women employees can both benefit from part time work. Ethnographic research, on the other hand, has often focused more on the difficult working conditions for part time workers. This paper combines data from a quantitative survey carried out at national level and a locally based qualitative study to examine these issues. It shows that in the retail sector part time work does not just contribute to bringing women into the labour force. It also serves to marginalise them within the labour force. It also shows that forms of part time work being adopted are those most suitable to employers rather than those which might be of use to both employers and female employees. Finally, while women have often chosen to work part time, the conditions of part time workers studied are deteriorating.

TAX FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED: PROS AND CONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.S. Hasanova ◽  
R.R. Hatueva ◽  
A.L. Arsaev
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
The Self ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
Part Time Work

This article discusses the pros and cons of applying professional income tax. Professional income tax is not mandatory, but an alternative way to pay 2 taxes on self-employment or part-time work. The introduction of this tax can mediate an increase in revenues to the state budget, which is of particular importance for the country in post-crisis conditions.

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