scholarly journals Antenatal group B streptococcus detection in pregnant women: culture or PCR?

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Gerolymatos ◽  
Paraskevi Karlovasiti ◽  
Argiri Sianou ◽  
Emmanuel Logothetis ◽  
George Kaparos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Group B streptococcus (GBS) is an important cause of neonatal infections. Maternal GBS colonization screening and intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis of colonized women can prevent neonatal diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of GBS colonization in pregnant and non-pregnant women and to compare the performance of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with the established as gold standard technique, culture method, used for the detection of this microorganism. Methodology: Vaginal and rectal samples collected from 857 pregnant and 370 non-pregnant women were examined through cultures, while the samples collected from 452 pregnant women between 35 and 37 weeks of gestation were assayed by culture and PCR method targeting the cfb gene. Results: GBS colonization was present in both pregnant and non-pregnant women. The colonization rate was similar in non-pregnant and first trimester pregnant women and then increased from first to the third trimester of pregnancy. GBS cultures for vaginal and rectal samples were positive in 13.2% and 14.3% in non-pregnant women, while in pregnant women 13.2% and 13.7% in the first trimester, and 15.0% and 16.5% in the second trimester, respectively. In third trimester pregnant women, compared to culture method, PCR identified a significantly increased number of GBS positive vaginal (18.4% vs 22.6%, p = 0.0006) and rectal (18.1% vs 21.2%, p = 0.01) samples. Conclusions: GBS colonization rate was higher in the third trimester. PCR proved to be a rapid and useful GBS screening method allowing a shorter detection time, while identifying more colonized women than culture.

scholarly journals Comparison of Various Culture Methods for Isolation of Group B Streptococcus from Intrapartum Vaginal Colonization

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha P Konikkara ◽  
Shrikala Baliga ◽  
Suchitra M Shenoy ◽  
B Bharati
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Sheep Blood Agar ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Sheep Blood ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Aims: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common causes of neonatal sepsis throughout the world. Reports of vaginal colonization of GBS in India are few and variable. A study was conducted on pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital to compare various methods for isolation of GBS, to study the prevalence of GBS in pregnant women in third trimester, and to determine risk factors for GBS colonization. Settings and Design: Observational descriptive study. Materials and Methods: High vaginal swabs from 150 pregnant women in their third trimester were used to compare three methods for isolation of GBS viz. direct culture on 5% Sheep Blood agar, direct culture on selective Columbia Blood Agar and culture in LIM enrichment broth with subsequent culture on 5% Sheep Blood agar. A history of associated risk factors was also taken. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed by Chi–square test. Results: Isolation was best from LIM enrichment broth with subsequent culture on 5% Sheep Blood Agar. Prevalence of GBS colonization by using culture method was 12.67%. Most frequently associated risk factor was intrapartum fever (42.11%). Conclusions: Standard Culture Method using LIM enrichment should be adopted as standard practice for isolation of GBS from vaginal swabs.

scholarly journals On the Safety of COOK Double Balloons to Promote Cervical Ripening in Pregnant Women With Group B Streptococcus Colonization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Ni ◽  
Weitao Yang ◽  
Lanting Yu ◽  
Hua Li ◽  
Lihui Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Cervical Ripening ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: For pregnant women who develop complications during the third trimester of pregnancy, or who have not given birth naturally after more than 41 weeks of pregnancy, artificial induction of labor is needed in order to obtain a healthy outcome for both the mother and the child. The 2014 edition of the Guidelines for Promoting Cervical Maturation and Delivery in Late Pregnancy point out that the use of COOK cervical ripening balloons to mechanically dilate the cervix can be used in the third trimester to promote cervical ripening and labor induction [1]. The disadvantage is the risk of infection, premature rupture of membranes, and umbilical cord prolapse [2]. The safety of balloon induction for pregnant women colonized by group B streptococcus (GBS) is currently lacking in multi-center clinical research data. This article will study the safety of COOK double balloon induction in pregnant women colonized by GBS.Methods: A total of 1,681 pregnant women who used COOK double balloons for cervical ripening in Changsha Maternity and Child Health Hospital from September 2018 to September 2020 were selected as the research subjects, from which 125 cases with colonization of group B streptococcus in the reproductive tract were selected as the observation group. Pregnant women without group B streptococcus colonization (N = 1556) served as the control group. This study compares the two groups’ delivery methods, postpartum complications, and neonatal conditions. Results: The rate of transition to cesarean section in the observation group was slightly higher, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.049). The rate of postpartum hemorrhage was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). Although chorioamnionitis increased compared to the control group, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The comparison of newborn birth indicators between the two groups showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusion: When pregnant women with colonization of group B streptococcus of the genital tract use the COOK double balloon to promote cervical ripening, the success rate of labor induction is high. Use of the balloon does not increase the cesarean section rate and the incidence of chorioamnionitis, nor does it increase the risk of neonatal infection. However, the risk of postpartum hemorrhage increases, and it is necessary to take active measures to reduce this risk.

scholarly journals Genital tract group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women: a South Indian perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 592-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayan Sharmila ◽  
Noyal Mariya Joseph ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu ◽  
Latha Chaturvedula ◽  
Sujatha Sistla
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Rectal Swabs ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin ◽  
Group B ◽  
A Prospective Study

Introduction: During the last few decades, group B Streptococcus (GBS) has emerged as an important pathogen. The major reservoirs for GBS are the vagina and the peri-anal regions/rectum, and the colonization of these regions is a risk factor for subsequent infection in pregnant women and newborns. Methodology: A prospective study was performed to determine the prevalence of GBS colonization in the vagina and rectum of pregnant women and the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. We also aimed to identify risk factors associated with GBS colonization. The vaginal and rectal swabs were inoculated in Todd-Hewitt broth and later subcultured on blood agar for isolation of GBS. Results: A total of 300 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. GBS strains were isolated from seven out of 300 patients, corresponding to a colonization rate of 2.3%. Of the seven patients carrying GBS, isolates were cultured only from vaginal swabs in two cases (28.6%), only from rectal swabs in two cases (28.6%) from both vaginal and rectal swabs in three cases (42.9%). Heavy colonization was present only in 42.9% (3/7) of antenatal women. None of the seven isolates were resistant to penicillin or clindamycin, while one isolate (14.3%) was resistant to erythromycin and five isolates (71.4%) were resistant to tetracycline. Multigravid women and those with previous spontaneous abortion were more frequently colonized by GBS. Conclusion: The GBS colonization rate in our study was low. No resistance to penicillin or clindamycin was seen, while the majority of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline.

Gestation specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in pregnancy

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Süleyman Akarsu ◽  
Filiz Akbiyik ◽  
Eda Karaismailoglu ◽  
Zeliha Gunnur Dikmen
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Function Tests

AbstractThyroid function tests are frequently assessed during pregnancy to evaluate thyroid dysfunction or to monitor pre-existing thyroid disease. However, using non-pregnant reference intervals can lead to misclassification. International guidelines recommended that institutions should calculate their own pregnancy-specific reference intervals for free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The objective of this study is to establish gestation-specific reference intervals (GRIs) for thyroid function tests in pregnant Turkish women and to compare these with the age-matched non-pregnant women.Serum samples were collected from 220 non-pregnant women (age: 18–48), and 2460 pregnant women (age: 18–45) with 945 (39%) in the first trimester, 1120 (45%) in the second trimester, and 395 (16%) in the third trimester. TSH, FT4 and FT3 were measured using the Abbott Architect i2000SR analyzer.GRIs of TSH, FT4 and FT3 for first trimester pregnancies were 0.49–2.33 mIU/L, 10.30–18.11 pmol/L and 3.80–5.81 pmol/L, respectively. GRIs for second trimester pregnancies were 0.51–3.44 mIU/L, 10.30–18.15 pmol/L and 3.69–5.90 pmol/L. GRIs for third trimester pregnancies were 0.58–4.31 mIU/L, 10.30–17.89 pmol/L and 3.67–5.81 pmol/L. GRIs for TSH, FT4 and FT3 were different from non-pregnant normal reference intervals.TSH levels showed an increasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester, whereas both FT4 and FT3 levels were uniform throughout gestation. GRIs may help in the diagnosis and appropriate management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy which will prevent both maternal and fetal complications.

scholarly journals Comparison of Salivary Alpha-Amylase, Sialic Acid, and pH in Pregnant and Nonpregnant Subjects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Shirzaiy ◽  
Zohreh Dalirsani
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives During pregnancy, systemic physiological alterations lead to some changes in the oral cavity, which could prepare the mouth environment for oral and dental problems. This study was aimed to investigate salivary α-amylase, sialic acid levels, and pH levels in pregnant and nonpregnant females. Materials and Methods In this analytical, case–control study, unstimulated saliva samples were collected with spiting method from 35 pregnant women (case group) and 35 nonpregnant women (control group) and transferred to the laboratory to assess salivary α-amylase, sialic acid, and pH levels. Data were analyzed by SPSS (version: 19) software through statistical methods of independent t-test and analysis of variance. Results The mean sialic acid levels were 2.285 ± 1.230 mg/dL in pregnant and 2.744 ± 1.326 in nonpregnant women without any significant difference (p = 0.138). The mean salivary α-amylase concentrations were 2.461 ± 1.869 U/L and 2.439 ± 2.058 U/L, respectively, in pregnant and nonpregnant women, with no significant difference (p = 0.963).The mean salivary pH in nonpregnant women was significantly more than that in pregnant women (7.845 ± 0.430 and 6.868 ± 0.413, respectively) (p < 0.001). Also, the mean salivary pH levels in pregnant women were 7.474 ± 0.420 in the first trimester, 6.868 ± 0.413 in the second trimester, and 6.568 ± 0.387 in the third trimester, which were significantly different (p < 0.001). Conclusion Salivary sialic acid and α-amylase levels among pregnant women were no different from those of other subjects. During pregnancy, the salivary pH significantly reduced, and the mean salivary pH during pregnancy had a decreasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester.

scholarly journals Association of Iodine-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours with Urinary Iodine Excretion in Pregnant Women with Mild Iodine Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyuan Wang ◽  
Yiwen Wu ◽  
Zehuan Shi ◽  
Jun Song ◽  
Guoquan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background: China’s universal salt-iodization program has all but eliminated iodine deficiency disorders. Concern has shifted to mild iodine deficiency. Our study examined factors with the potential to predict mild iodine deficiency in pregnant women. Methods: A total of 2 400 pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified, random-sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, a standardized questionnaire, an iodine-related knowledge questionnaire, urine samples, and household cooking salt samples. Results: The median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) was 148.0 μg/L for all participants, and 155.0 μg/L, 151.0 μg/L, and 139.6 μg/L in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. The third trimester’s MUIC was significantly lower than that of the first trimester, and the usage rates of iodized salt and qualified-iodized salt were 71.5% and 59.4%, respectively. Iodine-related knowledge was significantly different between the high and low UIC groups. Participants’ MUIC increased significantly with increases in iodine-related knowledge. The third trimester was a significant risk factor for high UIC, whereas abundant iodine-related knowledge, study the dietary knowledge urgently, and consumption of iodine-rich food within 48 hours of a urine iodine test were significant protective factors for high UIC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Iodine levels are adequate among pregnant women in Shanghai during the first and second trimesters, but insufficient in the third trimester. The use of iodized cooking salt does not determine the iodine status of pregnant women. Abundant iodine-related knowledge is important for pregnant women in the third trimester to maintain adequate urinary iodine.

scholarly journals Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Mohammed Ali ◽  
Daniel Asrat ◽  
Demissie Assegu Fenta ◽  
Tolossa Eticha Chaka ◽  
Yimtubezinash Woldeamanuel
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Colonization Rate ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hospital Medical ◽  
Group B

Evaluation of sFlt-1 and PlGF for predicting preeclampsia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Roman V. Kapustin ◽  
Elizaveta M. Tcybuk ◽  
Sergey V. Chepanov ◽  
Elena N. Alekseenkova ◽  
Ekaterina V. Kopteeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plgf Ratio

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels in the blood of women with various types of diabetes mellitus, depending on the correction method applied, and to determine the prognostic significance of the sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio for predicting the development of preeclampsia in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 140 pregnant women who were included in six main study groups: type 1 diabetes mellitus (with or without pregravid preparation), type 2 diabetes mellitus (diet therapy or insulin therapy), and gestational diabetes mellitus (diet therapy or insulin therapy). The comparison groups consisted of pregnant women with preeclampsia and patients without complications of pregnancy. Using electrochemiluminescence analysis, PlGF and sFlt-1 levels in the blood serum were determined twice, at 11+013+6 and 30+033+6 weeks of gestation. Statistical data processing was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 23 and GraphPad Prism version 8.0 software packages. RESULTS: In the blood serum of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy, we found an increase in sFlt-1 level and a decrease in PlGF level, as well as an increase in the sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio. These changes were most pronounced in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus without pregravid preparation and with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin therapy. In patients with pregestational types of diabetes mellitus, the sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio was a predictor of preeclampsia already in the early stages of pregnancy. Analysis of the ROC curve showed that the threshold sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio for predicting preeclampsia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus in the first trimester was 32.5 (sensitivity 92.9%, specificity 50.0%) and in the third trimester 71.8 (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 82.3%) with AUC 0.78 (95% CI 0.680.88) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.830.95), respectively. In the first trimester, the positive and negative predictive values of the sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio as a predictor of preeclampsia in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus were 63.3% and 97.6%, respectively; in the third trimester, 38.9% and 93.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Blood level alterations of PlGF and sFlt-1 are characteristic of patients with diabetes mellitus in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. An increase in the sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio is associated with a higher incidence of unfavorable perinatal outcomes in women with impaired carbohydrate metabolism. Determination of the sFlt-1 / PlGF ratio is a valid method for predicting the development or absence of preeclampsia in women with diabetes mellitus.

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