Trajectories of Violent Offending and Risk Status Across Adolescence and Early Adulthood, 1976-1986 [United States]

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Nash
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Violent Offending

Language brokering by young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aída Martínez-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Child Language ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Language Brokering ◽  
College Age ◽  
Socialization Processes ◽  
Language Brokers

Abstract This study explores the “who, what, where, and how” of language brokering as performed by young adults. Given that the backgrounds of child language brokers merge with the socialization processes that encompass early adulthood, their potentially unique experiences may reveal valuable information about language brokering that can contribute to the advancement of academic, professional, and educational endeavors. This study examines the ontological narratives of 21 college-age language brokers in the United States to illustrate if and how their insights expand the limits of traditional views of interpreter-mediated interaction (e.g., in terms of settings, communication channels, degree of active participation).

Cumulative childhood adversity, adolescent psychiatric disorder and violent offending in young adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 855-861
Author(s):  
Emma Björkenstam ◽  
Bo Burström ◽  
Anders Hjern ◽  
Bo Vinnerljung ◽  
Kyriaki Kosidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Bootstrap Method ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Violent Offending

Abstract Background Childhood adversity (CA) is a risk indicator for psychiatric morbidity. Although CA has been linked to violent offending, limited research has considered adolescent psychiatric disorder as a mediating factor. The current study examined whether adolescent psychiatric disorder mediates the association between CA and violent offending. Methods We used a cohort of 476 103 individuals born in 1984–1988 in Sweden. Register-based CAs included parental death, substance abuse and psychiatric disorder, parental criminal offending, parental separation, public assistance, child welfare intervention and residential instability. Adolescent psychiatric disorder was defined as being treated with a psychiatric diagnosis prior to age 20. Estimates of risk of violent offending after age 20 were calculated as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Mediation was tested with the bootstrap method. Results Exposure to CA was positively associated with violent offending, especially when accumulated. Individuals exposed to 4+ CAs who were also treated for psychiatric disorder had a 12-fold elevated risk for violent offending (adjusted IRR 12.2, 95% CI 10.6–14.0). Corresponding IRR among 4+ CA youth with no psychiatric disorder was 5.1 (95% CI 4.5–5.6). Psychiatric disorder mediated the association between CA and violent offending. Conclusion CA is associated with elevated risk for violent offending in early adulthood, and the association is partly mediated by adolescent psychiatric disorder. Individuals exposed to cumulative CA who also develop adolescent psychopathology should be regarded as a high-risk group for violent offending, by professionals in social and health services that come into contact with this group.

The Impact of PTSD-Linked Strain Sensitivity on Violent Offending: Differences in Effects During Adolescence Versus Early Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-194
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Strain Sensitivity ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Violent Offending ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesInvestigate the relevance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-linked strain sensitivity associated with exposure to violence for predicting violence outcomes among juvenile offenders during adolescence and early adulthood.MethodsThis study uses the Pathways to Desistance data and to test relevant relationships. Two series of negative binomial regression models were estimated to test hypotheses, one corresponding to each period of the life course.ResultsResults indicated that witnessed violence interacted with PTSD status in adolescence, indicating that individuals afflicted with PTSD demonstrated heightened sensitivity to this strain, manifested in increased violent offending.ConclusionsResults indicate that witnessed violence may act as a trigger during adolescence, resulting in juvenile offenders with PTSD responding with violence. This may have treatment implications for individuals suffering from PTSD.

scholarly journals An Examination of the Expected Timing of Transitions into Adulthood among Rural Men and Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Charlotte A. Agger ◽  
Soo-yong Byun ◽  
Judith L. Meece
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Educational Aspirations ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Individual Family ◽  
Transition Times ◽  
Community Variables

The timing of transitions into adulthood has critical implications for early adulthood development, yet few research studies on this topic exist, particularly involving rural youth. We utilized a nationwide sample of geographically diverse rural youth from 34 rural locations in the United States to investigate adolescents’ expected transitions into adulthood. The vast majority of rural men and women planned to get married and become parents, however, women expected earlier transition times into adulthood. Results also indicated a number of individual, family, and community variables related to the expectation of marriage and parenthood and the expected timing of marriage and parenthood. Notably, we found that whereas women were generally more likely than men to plan to get married and become a parent, this observed gender gap decreased as educational aspirations increased.

Developing and Pilot Testing a Population-focused Nutrition Screen Incorporating Social Determinants of Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
Kyle L Thompson ◽  
Melissa Gutschall ◽  
Amanda Bliss ◽  
Grace Herman ◽  
Madison Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Risk Status

Introduction: Given that nutrition status is directly related to a variety of health outcomes, nutrition screening is a prime focus of public health nutrition practice.  Objectives: The purposes of this pilot study were to develop and pilot test a Rural Adult Nutrition Screen (RANS) that includes criteria addressing social determinants of health and to explore possible applications of the screen development methodology in other settings. Methods: Mixed-methods research including interviews and survey dissemination was conducted among a rural southern Appalachian population in the United States.  Themes identified in the research were used to construct a preliminary rural adult nutrition screen (RANS-1).  The RANS-1 was pilot-tested among a sample of community-dwelling rural residents (n = 83), and was revised based on participant, administrator, and nutrition practitioner comments.  The revised screen, the RANS, was pilot-tested among a sample of attendees of a free community medical clinic (n = 37).   Nutrition risk as determined by the RANS was compared with the Nutrition Triage Score of the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), the United States Department of Agriculture 6-item Household Food Security Survey Module (USDA-6), and nutrition assessment performed by a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist who was also credentialed as a Physician Assistant (RDN, PA).  Non-parametric statistical tests were used to compare the results of the PG-SGA NTS and the USDA-6 with the RANS regarding “at risk” and “low risk” status. Results: In this small pilot study, no statistically significant differences were found among either comparative instrument and the RANS in determination of “at risk” and “low risk” status.  The RDN, PA’s agreement with the RANS was 100%.  Conclusion:  This pilot study provides some evidence that the RANS may be used to screen rural, community-dwelling adults for nutrition needs in light of social determinants of health common in rural settings.  Further research and formal validation of the RANS are needed in order to establish this tool as a valid nutrition screen for use in the rural community setting.  Procedures used to develop the RANS may be applicable to the development of population-specific nutrition screens in other rural and urban global populations.

scholarly journals The presence of hemoglobin S and C Harlem in an individual in the United States

Blood ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Moo-Penn ◽  
K Bechtel ◽  
D Jue ◽  
MS Chan ◽  
G Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Anemia ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hemoglobin S ◽  
Hb S ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Abstract The first reported case of hemoglobin S and C Harlem in an individual is described. The patient, a 35-yr-old female, had numerous crises during adolescence and early adulthood, but these occurred more infrequently as she grew older. Chemical evidence is presented for the characterization of both variant hemoglobins. The clinical course of this individual with Hb S in combination with Hb C Harlem appears to be similar to that for persons with sickle cell anemia.

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