scholarly journals The Effects of Calcium Supplementation on Blood Lead Levels and Short-term Memory of Chronically Exposed Children: A Clinical Trial Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 1144-1151
Author(s):  
Sri Sofyani Syofyan ◽  
Arlinda Sari Wahyuni ◽  
Kusnandi Rusmil ◽  
Aznan Lelo
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Oral Calcium ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lead Levels

AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of calcium supplementation to decrease blood lead levels (BLLs) of children at high risk for chronic lead poisoning and to determine its effects on short-term memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children aged 8–12 years lived in the highest traffic density in Medan randomly included in this quasi-experimental study, divided into two groups (control and supplementation group received tablet contain four hundred milligrams oral calcium twice daily for 3 months). Samples for BLLs were collected before and after 3 months of supplementation, and short-term memory measurements are carried out by picture and forward digital span test. Descriptive statistics were calculated at baseline and 3 months; comparison between before and after treatment was assessed with t-tests, p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: BLLs samples, who are exposed to lead for >6 months were ranging between 0.4–12 μg/dL. Median BLLs in supplementation group before treatment was 2.1 μg/dL and after treatment was 0.01 μg/dL (p < 0.01); difference between median in BLLs after treatment in supplementation group was 2.090 μg/dL (p = 0.004). Score memory picture in the supplementation group before treatment was 61.4 ± 24.83 and after treatment was 76.21 ± 15.97 (p<0.01). Score memory digital span in the supplementation group before treatment was 5 (3–7) and after treatment was 7 (5–7) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Three months of oral calcium supplementation 400 mg twice daily for high-risk chronic lead poisoning children reduced BLLs significantly and improved their short-term memory.

The Level and the Changes of Childrenʼs Blood Lead Levels Before and After Leaded Gasoline Banned in China

Epidemiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. S283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Jinliang Zhang ◽  
Yanshen Zhang ◽  
Juan Qin ◽  
Shunqin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Leaded Gasoline ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lead Levels

On the Role of Cognitive Abilities in Second Language Vowel Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-280
Author(s):  
Payam Ghaffarvand Mokari ◽  
Stefan Werner
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Phonological Learning ◽  
Before And After

This study investigated the role of different cognitive abilities—inhibitory control, attention control, phonological short-term memory (PSTM), and acoustic short-term memory (AM)—in second language (L2) vowel learning. The participants were 40 Azerbaijani learners of Standard Southern British English. Their perception of L2 vowels was tested through a perceptual discrimination task before and after five sessions of high-variability phonetic training. Inhibitory control was significantly correlated with gains from training in the discrimination of L2 vowel pairs. However, there were no significant correlations between attention control, AM, PSTM, and gains from training. These findings suggest the potential role of inhibitory control in L2 phonological learning. We suggest that inhibitory control facilitates the processing of L2 sounds by allowing learners to ignore the interfering information from L1 during training, leading to better L2 segmental learning.

Long-Term Trends in Blood Lead Levels Among Children in Chicago: Relationship to Air Lead Levels

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Edward B. Hayes ◽  
Hyman G. Orbach ◽  
Alina M. Fernandez ◽  
Sheila Lyne ◽  
Thomas D. Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Blood Lead Level ◽  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Level Of Concern ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To evaluate trends in blood lead levels among children in Chicago from 1968 through 1988, and to determine the impact of the changes in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) blood lead level of concern. Methods. We reviewed a systematic sample of blood lead screening records of the Chicago Department of Health Laboratory for high-risk children aged 6 months to 5 years. Median blood lead levels for each quarter of the years 1974 through 1988 were determined and regressed against mean air lead levels recorded at air-monitoring stations in Chicago during the same period. Results. Median blood lead levels declined from 30 µg/dL in 1968 to 12 µg/dL in 1988, and were strongly associated with declining average air lead levels (r = .8, P &lt; .001) from 1974 through 1988. A regression model using log-transformed data predicted a decline of 0.56 µg/dL in the median blood lead level with each 0.1 µg/m3 decline in the mean air lead level when the air lead level was near 1.0 µg/m3; the predicted slope was steeper at lower air lead levels. Despite the nearly 20-fold reduction in air lead levels, the median blood lead level of 12 µg/dL in 1988 indicates substantial continuing lead exposure. The CDC blood lead level of concern was lowered twice from 1968 to 1988, but due to the decline in blood lead levels, fewer than 30% of the children were above the level of concern throughout most of the study. Conclusion. Although substantial lead exposure persists in Chicago, reductions in airborne lead emissions seem to have contributed to a long-term decline in the median blood lead level of high-risk Chicago children.

scholarly journals Blood lead levels of children before and after introduction of unleaded petrol

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manouri P Senanayake ◽  
MDA Rodrigo ◽  
R Malkanthi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lead ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Unleaded Petrol

scholarly journals SENAM OTAK MEMPENGARUHI DEMENSIA PADA LANSIA BRAIN EXERCISE AFFECTS DEMENTIA IN THE ELDERLY

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-667
Author(s):  
Elvipson Sinaga ◽  
Khairunnisa Batubara
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
Before And After

Cognitive decline interferes with activities of daily living and social activities in the elderly. One of the physical exercises that can be applied in order to delay cognitive function is by means of brain exercise because it is believed to provide much-needed stimulation for dementia patients. This study aims to determine the effect of brain exercise on short-term memory (Dementia) in the elderly at the Sibolangit Health Center, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency. The design of this research is Quasi Experiment Design using One-group pretest posttest design. The sample in this study were 49 respondents using purposive sampling. Data analysis using Paired Sample T-Test. The results showed a P-value of 0.0001 (P-value <0.05) so it can be said that there were changes before and after carrying out brain exercise in the elderly at the Sibolangit Health Center, Sibolangit District, Deliserdang Regency. Brain exercise is one of the physical activity therapies that can improve the memory of the elderly or often also called dementia.

Lead Poisoning Risk Determination in a Rural Setting

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Schaffer ◽  
Martha S. Kincaid ◽  
Nathan Endres ◽  
Michael Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lead Poisoning ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Blood Lead Levels ◽  
Rural Children ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Elevated Blood Lead Levels

Objectives. To determine the prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among children living in a rural area and to determine the effectiveness of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Lead Risk Assessment Questionnaire and additional questionnaire items in correctly identifying rural children having elevated blood lead levels. Research Design. Comparison of results of a questionnaire that is intended to identify children as being at low or high risk for lead poisoning with children's blood lead levels. Setting. The three practice sites of the only pediatric group in a rural county of upstate New York. Patients. A consecutive sample of 705 children ages 6 to 72 months who were seen for health supervision visits between June and September 1993. Results. Sixty-nine percent of the children were considered to be at high risk for lead poisoning by the CDC questionnaire. Overall, 8.4% of the children in the study had blood lead levels of 10 µg/dL (0.48 µmol/L) or higher, and 2.1% had blood lead levels of 15 µg/dL (0.72 µmol/L) or higher. No significant difference was noted between the percentages of high-and low-risk children who had elevated blood lead levels. To devise a more effective lead risk assessment tool for children in this setting, the two items from the CDC questionnaire and the two additional items that had the greatest predictive utility were combined to form a short alternative questionnaire. The alternative questionnaire thus consisted of items concerning whether the child has a sibling or playmate with lead poisoning, whether the child lives near an industry that potentially may release lead, whether the child lives in rented or owner-occupied housing, and whether the child has a parent who is a migrant farm worker. Children categorized as high risk with the alternative questionnaire were much more likely to have elevated blood lead levels than those who were categorized as low risk. The alternative questionnaire was very effective in correctly identifying children with elevated blood lead levels. Eighty-eight percent of children having blood lead levels of 10 µg/dL or higher and 100% of children having blood lead levels of 15 µg/dL or higher were classified as high risk by the questionnaire. Children classified as low risk were very unlikely to have elevated blood lead levels; 98% of low-risk children had blood lead levels of less than 10 µg/dL, and 100% had blood lead levels of less than 15 µg/dL. Conclusions. These results suggest that the CDC lead risk assessment questionnaire is of limited benefit in identifying rural children with blood lead levels 10 µg/dL or higher or 15 µg/dL or higher. An alternative questionnaire, however, seems to have marked clinical utility for identifying rural children with elevated blood lead levels.

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