Physicochemical Characteristics of Chicken Eggshell Flour Produced by Hydrochloric Acid and Acetic Acid Extraction

Backgrdound: Several previous researchers have prepared chicken eggshell flour using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) solvents. However, the results of the physicochemical characteristics still very diverse. This study aims to produce chicken eggshell flour using two different types of solvents (4% HCl and CH3COOH 2N) and determine the proper solvent to obtain better physicochemical characteristics. Method: This type of research was descriptive quantitative. The research stages initiated by preparing chicken eggshell samples by maceration using 4% HCl and CH3COOH 2N. Afterward, chemical characteristics (moisture content, ash, calcium carbonate, calcium, and phosphorus) and physical characteristics (yield) of eggshell flour were determined. Processing and data conducted by using the IBM SPSS statistic program Result: The higher levels of calcium, calcium carbonate, phosphorus, ash, yield, and lower water content of the eggshell powder were generated by extraction using 4% HCl than 2N acetic acid (CH3COOH). Conclusion: The physicochemical characteristics of the eggshell powder extracted from the 4% HCl were better than the 2N acetic acid (CH3COOH)

Download Full-text

Acetic acid extraction from rumen fluid by forward osmosis

Environmental Technology & Innovation ◽

10.1016/j.eti.2020.101083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 101083

Author(s):

Jamshed Ali Khan ◽

Luong N. Nguyen ◽

Hung C. Duong ◽

Long D. Nghiem

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Forward Osmosis ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Acetic Acid Extraction

Download Full-text

Synthesis of Three Different Types of Chalcone Derivatives

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.81 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1033-1034 ◽

pp. 81-84

Author(s):

He Ping Yan ◽

Du Shu Huang ◽

Ju Cheng Zhang ◽

Rui Na Huang ◽

You Wang Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Hydrochloric Acid ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Glacial Acetic Acid ◽

Chalcone Derivatives ◽

Different Types ◽

Naoh Solution

Three chalcone derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of acetophenone with dimethylamino benzaldehyde, vanillin, diphenyl formaldehyde, respectively. The results showed that: A yield of 80.4% was obtained by the reaction of acetophenone and dimethylamino benzaldehyde in ethanol as solvent, 10% NaOH solution as catalyst at room temperature. A yield of 25.0% was obtained by the reaction of acetophenone and vanillin in ethanol as solvent, a mixed glacial acetic acid and hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, adding 10% KOH solution for dehydration by heating after the reaction at room temperature. A yield of 76.3% was obtained by the reaction of acetophenone and diphenyl formaldehyde in ethanol as solvent, 10% NaOH solution as catalyst at room temperature. Acid was used as the appropriate catalyst when chalcone derivatives were synthesized by aldehyde with hydroxy.

Download Full-text

THE ISOBUTYL GROUP IN SPRUCE AND BIRCH LIGNINS

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr49b-057 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 27b (6) ◽

pp. 572-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alan Bell ◽

George F Wright

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Acid Extract ◽

Permanganate Oxidation ◽

Perbenzoic Acid ◽

Acetic Acid Extraction ◽

Acid Titration

Acetone has been isolated by permanganate oxidation of birch and spruce lignins extracted from wood by acetic or formic acid. Acetone was obtained also when the formic acid lignins were ozonized but not from the acetic acid – extracted lignins. This difference was confirmed when perbenzoic acid titration indicated unsaturation in the formic acid extract which was not present in the acetic acid extract. It is suggested that an α-hydroxy-β-methoxyisobutyl group is present in lignin; during acetic acid extraction the hydroxyl group is acetylated but during formic acid extraction the formic acid reduces the group to isobutenyl, which will give acetone when it is ozonized.

Download Full-text

Acetic Acid Extraction by Solvent Membrane

Separation Science and Technology ◽

10.1080/01496398308060285 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 421-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Yue Kuo ◽

Harry P. Gregor

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Acetic Acid Extraction

Download Full-text

Isolation of collagen from the skins of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-affected dogs by acetic acid extraction and pepsin digestion

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure ◽

10.1016/0005-2795(80)90212-3 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 626 (1) ◽

pp. 208-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David F. Counts

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Ehlers Danlos Syndrome ◽

Pepsin Digestion ◽

Acetic Acid Extraction ◽

Danlos Syndrome

Download Full-text

The residual effect of pasture cobalt applications on some soils in South East Scotland

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600038211 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 509-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. G. McLaren ◽

D. Purves ◽

E. Jean Mackenzie ◽

C. G. Mackenzie

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Research Council ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Cobalt Concentration ◽

Acid Extraction ◽

Agricultural Research Council ◽

Acetic Acid Extraction ◽

Appreciable Increase ◽

Cobalt Deficiency

There are extensive areas in Scotland and other parts of Britain where, because of low soil cobalt status, the cobalt concentration of pasture herbage is below the 0–1 /fg/g D.M. regarded as the requirement for grazing ruminants (Agricultural Research Council, 1965). A common method of overcoming the effects of cobalt deficiency in livestock occurring within these areas is to apply cobalt sulphate to the pasture. Following work carried out by Stewart, Mitchell & Stewart (1941, 1942) and Stewart etal.(1946) the standard recommended application of cobalt sulphate for pasture has remained at 2 kg/ha for many years, an application generally expected to last for 3–5 years. However, in South East Scotland there are doubts about the adequacy of such treatment which has led to a reappraisal. Significant increases in uptake of cobalt by herbage following applications to land at this rate are not always observed and sometimes there is no appreciable increase in ‘available’ soil cobalt as determined by acetic acid extraction.

Download Full-text