scholarly journals The Role of Adipokines in Cardiovascular Pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (F) ◽  
pp. 794-800
Author(s):  
Valery Podzolkov ◽  
Anna Pokrovskaya ◽  
Ulyana Bazhanova ◽  
Tatyana Vargina ◽  
Svetlana Anatolievna Knyazeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Steady Growth ◽  
Active Substrate ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

The recent decades saw a steady growth of obesity incidence worldwide. Obesity is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is also associated with a shorter life expectancy. Not only hemodynamic but also hormone metabolic processes, arising from excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in human body, underlie the development of CVDs. Adipose tissue has now been proved to be a hormone-active substrate. Studies of the influence of adipokines will bring us closer to understanding cardiovascular pathogenesis and help personalize prophylactic strategies.

scholarly journals Inflammation of adipose tissue. Part 2. Pathogenetic role in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Shvarts
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Insulin Signal ◽  
Kinase Cascade

This review deals with the role of adipose tissue inflammation (ATI) in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). ATI is regarded as a link between obesity and DM2. The review illustrates the involvement of main adipokines in pathogenesis of DM2 and provides a detailed description of such factors as impaired adiponectin and stimulation of cytokine production responsible for metabolic disorders, activation of lipolysis, in adipocytes, increased fatty acid and triglyceride levels, suppression of insulin activity at the receptor and intracellular levels. Adipokines, in the first place cytokines, act on the insulin signal pathway and affect the intracellular inflammatory kinase cascade. At the intercellular level, ATI stimulates JNK and IKK-beta/kB responsible for the development of insulin resistance via such mechanisms as activation of cytokine secretion in the adipose tissue, oxidative stress, and induction of endoplasmic reticulum enzymes. The key role of JNK and IKK-beta/kB in the inhibition of the insulin signal pathway is mediated through inactivation of insulin receptor substrate 1. Also, it is shown that ATI modulates B-cell function and promotes progressive reduction of insulin secretion.

scholarly journals The role of nonesterified fatty acids in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Tsvetkova ◽  
V. N. Khirmanov ◽  
N. N. Zybina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sudden Death

The paper reviews publications concerned the role of nonesterifi ed fatty acids (NEFA) in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. NEFAs are four and more carbons chain length carbonic acids and they are presented in free form (nonesterifi ed) in human body. Plasma NEFAs are produced by the adipose tissue triglyceride lipolysis, another source are lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins and intermediate density lipoproteins. Elevated NEFA concentrations in plasma are the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the independent risk factor of hypertension and sudden death. NEFA plasma concentration is elevated in atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and often in metabolic syndrome. A probable cause of NEFAs accumulation in plasma may be overeating and low physical activity, which result in increase of adipose tissue mass, lipolysis intensifi cation and elevation of NEFAs concentration in plasma. The role of elevated plasma NEFA concentration in a number of conditions (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, vascular infl ammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rhythm disturbances, sudden death) and possible ways of their correction are discussed.

scholarly journals Important role of fat tissue hormones in development of comorbid chronic pancreatitis and obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
T. N. Hristich
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Pancreatic Disease ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Aim of this paper is to consider the role of hormones of the adipose tissue in mechanisms of obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus upon chronic pancreatitis. Materials and methods. The literature review indicates the value of visceral fat in the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, including atherogenic one, taking into account the possible infiltration of pancreatic tissue by adipocytes. Participation of some adipocytokines of adipose tissue in the development of obesity upon chronic pancreatitis is highlighted. It is shown that in some cases the hormones of visceral adipose tissue, penetrating through the portal vein to the liver and then to the pancreas, aggravated the course of systemic chronic inflammation of the inherent chronic pancreatitis, promote steatosis and development of fatty pancreatic disease. Conclusion. Literary sources indicate the leading role of visceral adipose tissue and its hormones in the formation of obesity in chronic pancreatitis. Due to the infiltration of the pancreatic tissue by adipocytes, lipoidosis and steatosis develop. With the progression of the process type 2 diabetes mellitus, fatty liver or pancreatic disease, or cancer of these orhans. Consequently, there is a need for serious differentiated preventive and curative measures aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis.

scholarly journals The role of adipose tissue M1/M2 macrophages in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Shiho Fujisaka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
M2 Macrophages

scholarly journals The importance of glycemic control in patients with early forms of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in order to prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Irina I. Kochergina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology

The article presents data on the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes; the high compatibility of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular pathology; high mortality among patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, in the presence of both acute and chronic cardiovascular complications; on the important role of glucose- and lipotoxicity in the progression of carbohydrate metabolism from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus, the role of hyperglycemia in the deve-lopment of insulin resistance, atherosclerosis, hypertension, liver, kidney, endothelial dysfunction, the role of hyper- and hypoglycemia in the development of acute vascular complications – myocardial infarction, stroke, gangrene of the lower extremities; on the protective role of adiponectin – a predictor of type 2 diabetes mellitus, on the importance of glycemic control for the timely detection of early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – impaired glucose tolerance and impaired fasting glucose; on the role of metformin in the prevention of progression of prediabetes to type 2 diabetes and cardiac pathology; on the gluco- and cardioprotective role of modern sugar-lowering drugs.

Liver fat in obesity: role of type 2 diabetes mellitus and adipose tissue distribution

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutgarda Bozzetto ◽  
Anna Prinster ◽  
Marcello Mancini ◽  
Rosalba Giacco ◽  
Claudia De Natale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Distribution

1463-P: Relationship between Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance with Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1463-P
Author(s):  
SRILAXMI KALAVALAPALLI ◽  
ROMINA LOMONACO ◽  
EDDISON GODINEZ ◽  
NADA FANOUS ◽  
LAZARO J. TEJERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
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