Sertoli-Leydig cell tumours of the ovary (SLCT) are rare tumours predominantly caused by mutations in the DICER1 gene. We present a patient with a unilateral SLCT who had an underlying germline DICER1 gene mutation. We discuss the underlying pathology, risks, and screening opportunities available to those with a mutation in this gene as SLCT is only one of a multitude of other tumours encompassing DICER1 syndrome. The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. As such, genetic counselling is a key component of the management of women with SLCT.
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis is a rare musculoskeletal disorder characterized by episodic muscle weakness associated with hyperkalemia. It is a channelopathy associated with point mutations in the SCNA4 gene, with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. We report the case of a 39-year-old patient with a picture with onset at six years of age, consisting of episodes of weakness caused by physical activity and intercurrent infectious processes, in whom a point mutation was found in the SCNA4 gene, not previously reported in the literature.
Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is the most common single gene mutation causing cleft lip/palate, responsible for approximately 2% of all cases. Inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, VWS occurs at an incidence of 1 in 35,000 to 100,000. The most commonly reported manifestations of VWS is lip pits, cleft lip or palate. We present a case of a 34-week infant with unique and rarely reported symptoms of VWS, such as trismus and absent uvula.