scholarly journals Adiponectin reduces carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE−/− mice: Roles of oxidative and nitrosative stress and inducible nitric oxide synthase

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1715-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOJUN CAI ◽  
XUAN LI ◽  
LI LI ◽  
XIAO-ZHEN HUANG ◽  
YU-SHENG LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Renoprotective and antihypertensive effects of S-allylcysteine in 5/6 nephrectomized rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (5) ◽  
pp. F1691-F1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristino Cruz ◽  
Ricardo Correa-Rotter ◽  
Dolores Javier Sánchez-González ◽  
Rogelio Hernández-Pando ◽  
Perla D. Maldonado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Progressive renal damage and hypertension are associated with oxidative and nitrosative stress. On the other hand, S-allylcysteine (SAC), the most abundant organosulfur compound in aged garlic extract (AG), has antioxidant properties. The effects of SAC and AG on blood pressure, renal damage, and oxidative and nitrosative stress were studied in five-sixths nephrectomized rats treated with SAC (200 mg/kg ip) and AG (1.2 ml/kg ip) every other day for 30 days. Proteinuria and serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were measured on days 0, 5, 10, 15, and 30, and systolic blood pressure was recorded on days 0, 15, and 30. The degree of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage, the immunostaining for inducible nitric oxide synthase, 3-nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose), and the subunits of NADPH oxidase p22phox and gp91phox, and the activity of SOD were determined on day 30. SAC and AG reduced hypertension, renal damage, and the abundance of inducible nitric oxide synthase, 3-nitrotyrosine, poly(ADP-ribose), p22phox, and gp91phox and increased SOD activity. Our data suggest that the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of SAC and AG are associated with their antioxidant properties and that they may be used to ameliorate hypertension and delay the progression of renal damage.

scholarly journals Myoglobin Protects the Heart from Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase (iNOS)-mediated Nitrosative Stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 278 (24) ◽  
pp. 21761-21766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Gödecke ◽  
Andre Molojavyi ◽  
Jacqueline Heger ◽  
Ulrich Flögel ◽  
Zhaoping Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Modulation of oxidative–nitrosative stress and inflammatory response by rapamycin in target and distant organs in rats exposed to hindlimb ischemia–reperfusion: the role of mammalian target of rapamycin

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1193-1203
Author(s):  
Zumrut Kocak ◽  
Meryem Temiz-Resitoglu ◽  
Demet Sinem Guden ◽  
Ozden Vezir ◽  
Nehir Sucu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been recognized with potential immunomodulatory properties playing an important role in various physiopathological processes including ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury stimulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, respectively. Controversial results have been obtained in different I/R models following localized I/R; however, the precise role of the mTOR signaling pathway remains undefined. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the role of the mTOR in oxidative–nitrosative stress and inflammation in hindlimb I/R-induced injury in target and remote organ injuries. In rats subjected to I/R, an increased expression of ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6), inhibitor κB (IκB)-α, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, gp91phox, and levels of tumor necrosis factor α, nitrite, nitrotyrosine, malondialdehyde and the activities of myeloperoxidase and catalase in the tissues and (or) sera were detected. Treatment with rapamycin, a selective inhibitor of mTOR, reversed all the I/R-induced changes as manifested by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in kidney and gastrocnemius muscle of rats. Collectively, these findings suggest that rapamycin protects against I/R-induced oxidative–nitrosative stress and inflammation leading to organ injuries via suppression of mTOR/IκB-α/NF-κB signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Thymoquinone Hepatorenal Protection in Methotrexate-Induced Toxicity in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azza A. K. El-Sheikh ◽  
Mohamed A. Morsy ◽  
Ahlam M. Abdalla ◽  
Azza H. Hamouda ◽  
Ibrahim A. Alhaider
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hepatic Histology ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

To investigate mechanisms by which thymoquinone (TQ) can prevent methotrexate- (MTX-) induced hepatorenal toxicity, TQ (10 mg/kg) was administered orally for 10 days. In independent rat groups, MTX hepatorenal toxicity was induced via 20 mg/kg i.p. at the end of day 3 of experiment, with or without TQ. MTX caused deterioration in kidney and liver function, namely, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. MTX also caused distortion in renal and hepatic histology, with significant oxidative stress, manifested by decrease in reduced glutathione and catalase, as well as increase in malondialdehyde levels. In addition, MTX caused nitrosative stress manifested by increased nitric oxide, with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Furthermore, MTX caused hepatorenal inflammatory effects as shown by increased tumor necrosis factor-α, besides upregulation of necrosis factor-κB and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions. MTX also caused apoptotic effect, as it upregulated caspase 3 in liver and kidney. Using TQ concurrently with MTX restored kidney and liver functions, as well as their normal histology. TQ also reversed oxidative and nitrosative stress, as well as inflammatory and apoptotic signs caused by MTX alone. Thus, TQ may be beneficial adjuvant that confers hepatorenal protection to MTX toxicity via antioxidant, antinitrosative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.

Effect of sulphated polysaccharides on erythrocyte changes due to oxidative and nitrosative stress in experimental hyperoxaluria

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 923-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
CK Veena ◽  
A Josephine ◽  
SP Preetha ◽  
P Varalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Sulphated Polysaccharides ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Kidney stones are known to haunt humanity for centuries and increase in oxalate is a predominant risk factor for stone formation. The present study was initiated with a notion to study the oxidative and nitrosative stress on erythrocytes under oxalate stress and the putative role of sulphated polysaccharides. Hyperoxaluria was induced in two groups by the administration of 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days and one of them was treated with sulphated polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus from the 8th day to the end of the experimental period of 28 days at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously. Control and drug control (sulphated polysaccharides alone) were also included in the study. Glycolic and glyoxylic acid levels of urine were analyzed as an index of hyperoxaluria. The plasma enzymic markers of cellular integrity, redox status of red blood cells, osmotic fragility, and 14C-oxalate binding were investigated. Urine and plasma nitric oxide metabolites, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein, and mRNA were assessed in kidney to evaluate the nitrosative stress. Increased levels of glycolic and glyoxylic acid in urine indicated the prevalence of hyperoxaluria in ethylene glycol–administered groups. Plasma aspartate and alanine transaminase were not altered, but alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase of hyperoxaluric group were increased indicating tissue damage. Activities of antioxidant enzymes were decreased, whereas erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation was increased in hyperoxaluric rats. Moreover, an altered fragility with an increase in oxalate binding activity was observed in hyperoxaluric group. Increase in nitric oxide metabolites levels in urine and plasma along with an increase in expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase protein and mRNA in kidney were observed in hyperoxaluric rats. Administration of sulphated polysaccharides to hyperoxaluric rats averted the abnormal increase in urinary glycolic and glyoxylic acid levels and enzyme activities, decreased lipid peroxidation, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, increased nitrosative stress accompanying hyperoxaluria was also normalized on sulphated polysaccharides treatment. To conclude, sulphated polysaccharide administration was able to maintain the integrity of erythrocyte membrane and decrease the damage to erythrocytes in hyperoxaluria.

A comparative clinical study on the generation of nitrosative stress in cataractous lenses of smokers and non-smoker tobacco patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thirugnanasambandhar Sivasubramanian Anitha ◽  
Krishnagopal Srikanth ◽  
Subrayan Suganya ◽  
Subramanian Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tobacco Chewing

Aim: To quantify the levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine in cataractous lenses of smokers and smokers who chewed tobacco in comparison with non-smokers and non-smokers who chewed tobacco. Study design: A total of 80 cataractous lenses from smokers, non-smokers, smokers with tobacco chewing habit, and non-smokers with tobacco chewing habit were collected from the patients who had enrolled in the Department of Ophthalmology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College & Research Institute, Puducherry. Methods: Levels of nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine were quantified using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results: The mean concentrations of lens nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine are as follows: (a) smokers—112.01, 59.57, and 88.91 µmol/L; (b) smokers who chewed tobacco—175.15, 93.95, and 128.72 µmol/L; (c) non-smokers—76.15, 40.65, and 70.20 µmol/L; and (d) non-smokers who chewed tobacco—96.56, 52.87, and 83.88 µmol/L, respectively. Conclusion: Nitric oxide, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and 3-nitrotyrosine at high levels are the major causative agents for cataractogenesis. The results of this study suggest that smoking and tobacco chewing habit generate nitrosative stress that could enhance the pathogenesis for early cataractogenesis.

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