scholarly journals Tasserkidrilus cf. americanus (Clitellata, Naididae) – A new record from Slovakia confirms the dissimilarity between the European and North American populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kokavec
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New Record ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
European Population ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Standing Waters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
European Form ◽  
American Form

The main objective of this study is to present a new record of Tasserkidrilus cf. americanus found in a channel near the Tešmak swamp in Slovakia (Central Europe) and to compare its morphological features and habitat requirements with those of populations occurring in North America and Europe. The new specimens are similar to those found in The Netherlands and Belgium, but dissimilar to previously reported North American material of T. americanus, reopening the question of whether the European form is a separate species. The European form has the penis sheaths approximately twice as long as and wider than the North American form and may inhabit slow-flowing or standing waters of a eutrophic character, which is in conflict with the current knowledge on the morphology and ecology of North American populations. Further investigation is necessary to solve the questions about the origin and taxonomic relationship of the European population to other populations.

Differences between North American and European Populations of Balanus balanoides Revealed by Transplantation

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2633-2641 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Crisp
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
The North ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Time Of Breeding ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Balanus Balanoides ◽  
European Form ◽  
American Form ◽  
European Populations

Transplants of specimens of Balanus balanoides from North Wales to Newfoundland, Canada, confirmed two innate differences between European and North American forms of the species. Breeding took place later in transplanted European populations. The eggs of the European form, though maturing later and therefore at a slightly lower temperature than the North American form, were distinctly smaller.The time of breeding both in the North American and European forms was earlier at higher latitudes, at higher shore levels, and in shelter.

scholarly journals First records of the North American leafhopper Gyponana mail (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) invading urban gardens and agroecosystems in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Valeria Trivellone ◽  
Vally Forte ◽  
Luisa Filippin ◽  
Christopher H. Dietrich
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
North American ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
European Population ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Urban Gardens ◽  
The North ◽  
Palearctic Region

The Nearctic leafhopper species Gyponana (Gyponana) mali DeLong, 1942 is reported from Europe for the fi rst time and represents the fi rst record of the tribe Gyponini Stål, 1870 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) for the Palearctic Region. Specimens were collected in southern Switzerland (Ticino) and two regions of northern Italy (Lombardy and Veneto) in 2015–2019. The preferred host plant in these areas appears to be Cornus sanguinea L. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI barcode sequences grouped one of the European specimens with three individuals of G. (G.) mali from Ontario, Canada. Morphological study indicated that the male genitalia of the European population are intermediate between G. (G.) mali and G. (G.) extenda DeLong, 1942.

Calostomal, a Polyene Pigment from the Gasteromycete Calostoma cinnabarinum (Boletales)

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertraud Gruber ◽  
Wolfgang Steglich
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
North American ◽  
Structural Relationship ◽  
The North ◽  
Orange Colour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
C Nmr

The North American stalked puffball Calostoma cinnabarinum (Boletales) owes its red-orange colour to the heptaene pigment calostomal. Its structure has been determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the corresponding methyl ester as all-trans-16-oxohexadeca-2,4,6,8,10,12,14- heptaenoic acid (1). Neither pulvinic acids nor other typical Boletales pigments could be detected in this fungus. The structural relationship of 1 to other polyene pigments from fungi is discussed.

Larvae of the North American Olethreutidae (Lepidoptera)

1959 ◽  
Vol 91 (S10) ◽  
pp. 5-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Rae MacKay
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Spruce Needles ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe late-instar larvae of about 185 species of the North American Olethreutidae are described and most of them illustrated. Included in these are many pests, such as Grapholitha molesta, Carpocapsa pomonella, and Spilonota ocellana on fruit trees, Paralobesia viteana on grapes, Ancylis comptana fragariae on strawberries, Laspeyresia nigricana in pea pods, Laspeyresia caryana in hickory and pecan nuts, Taniva albolineana in spruce needles, and species of Rhyacionia and Petrova on pines. Keys to species groups and to individual species are provided. Of the diagnostic and specialized characters listed, the most useful include the setae, the spinneret, and the shape of the larva, especially of its head and anal shield. The main characters are given for the postulated ancestral larva and for the highly developed larva. Most of the species groups are arranged according to the suggested phylogenetic relationship of their larvae, emphasizing the necessity of a revision of the family. Larvae of some genera previously difficult to classify, such as Pseudogalleria and Hystricophora, indicate the relationship of those genera to other groups; conversely, lack of relationship is clearly shown in other instances, e.g., between Carpocapsa pomonella and Carpocapsa saltitans, and between the two species Epiblema culminana and E. suffusana and other members of the genus Epiblema.

A GENERIC REVISION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN HELIOTHIDINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1970 ◽  
Vol 102 (S73) ◽  
pp. 5-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Hardwick
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
North American ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Check List ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The North ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe noctuid subfamily Heliothidinae, which is represented in North America by 158 species, is redefined, largely on the basis of male genitalic characters. Of genera included in the subfamily in McDunnough's 1938 check list, only four are recognized as valid, these being Heliothis Ochs., Schinia Hbn., Heliolonche Grt., and Melaporphyria Grt. Helicoverpa Hdwk., which was described subsequent to the appearance of McDunnough's list, and Protoschinia which is described as new here, are also included. Grotella Harv., Hemigrotella B. & McD., and Neogrotella B. & B. are not considered heliothidine genera and are removed to the Stiriinae.Eight genera, which have been assigned to the Amphipyrinae because they lack the mid and hind tibial setae characteristic of other heliothidine components, have also been incorporated in the Heliothidinae; these genera are Microhelia Hamp., Heliothodes Hamp., Baptarma Sm., Eutricopis Morr., Derrima Wlk., Erythroecia Hamp., Rhodoecia Hamp., and Pyrrhia Hbn. Because of the close similarity in structure and habits between these genera and those previously mentioned, the two groups are considered to constitute a monophyletic assemblage within the Noctuidae, despite the discrepancy with respect to mid and hind tibial setae.A key to the 14 North American genera of the Heliothidinae is presented. Descriptions of genera and figures of the male and female genitalia of the type species of all valid genera and of many genera in synonymy are provided. Canthylidia Butl. and Timora Wlk. are newly synonymized to Heliothis, and Heliosea Grt. to Heliolonche Grt. A check list of the North American Heliothidinae is appended to the text.The possible phylogenetic relationship of the Heliothidinae to the Stiriinae is discussed. The latter group is raised from tribal rank in the Amphypyrinae to subfamily rank; a number of genera are added to it, and a provisional redefinition of the subfamily is presented.

Allozyme variation in the Polygonum lapathifolium complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2261-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie L. Consaul ◽  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
European Populations

The Polygonum lapathifolium complex consists of populations that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and that have been classified at different taxonomic levels. Allozyme data were used to test the current North American taxonomic status of members of the complex (including P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium, and P. scabrum) and to verify diploidy in the P. lapathifolium complex and polyploid origins of the morphologically similar P. persicaria and P. pensylvanicum. Of the 15 enzyme systems surveyed in 50 populations of the complex, only 3 of the 23 loci (Acon, Lap, and Skdh) were polymorphic in the North American populations and a total of 6 loci in European populations. Fifteen multilocus genotypes were evident in the complex. Four genotypes (all with Lap-10.67 were exclusive to North American populations of P. lapathifolium, providing support for a North American element of the complex. Nine genotypes (all with Lap-10.63) were found in North American and European populations of P. scabrum, all European populations of the P. lapathifolium complex, and three populations of North American P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium. Lap-10.67 was also found in the native tetraploid P. pensylvanicum, whereas Lap-10.63 was found in the introduced tetraploid P. persicaria. Genetic distances among populations did not support the current taxonomic divisions within the complex, nor did it support separate species status of P. scabrum. Allozyme data provided support for the allotetraploid origins of P. pensylvanicum and P. persicaria, with members of the P. lapathifolium complex as one of the parents of each. Key words: Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, allozymes.

RAPD analysis of the relationship of North and South American subspecies of Fragaria chiloensis

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Porebski ◽  
Paul M Catling
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
South American ◽  
Cophenetic Correlation ◽  
The North ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis ◽  
Protection And Utilization ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
North And South

To improve the intraspecific classification of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duchesne, 35 plants including 5 North American ssp. lucida, 15 North American ssp. pacifica, and 15 South American ssp. chiloensis were analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPDs). From 100 primers screened, 12 were selected providing 62 scorable polymorphic bands. The phenogram (cophenetic correlation, r = 0.99) based on UPGMA clustering of Jaccard's coefficients revealed a clear division between North American and South American plants, but only partial separation was shown between the two North American subspecies. This is the first comprehensive molecular evidence for major genetic divergence between the North American and South American subspecies of F. chiloensis and suggests greater genetic variation within the Canadian material of the North American ssp. pacifica than within the South American ssp.chiloensis. These findings strongly support protection and utilization of wild Canadian Fragaria germplasm for crop improvement.Key words: strawberry, Fragaria chiloensis, ssp. chiloensis, ssp. pacifica, ssp. lucida, RAPD, variation, germplasm, Canada, United States, Chile.

On the presence of North American clubmoss Huperzia lucidula (Lycopodiaceae) in China: An intercontinental disjunction or misidentification

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal Shrestha ◽  
Xian-Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
American Literature ◽  
North American ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North

The North American shining clubmoss, Huperzia lucidula, was originally thought to be endemic to North America. However it was reported from China by Ren Chang Ching in 1981, and hence was believed to have a disjunct distribution in North America and Asia. Since then, in all Chinese literature H. lucidula has been described as a disjunct taxon, although in North American literature it has nearly always only been reported from eastern North America. The studies on the Chinese taxon are at present insufficient to address this taxonomical and biogeographical disparity. In this study we have attempted to unravel this issue using integrative morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological study included a thorough examination of specimens from the entire distribution range of H. lucidula in the USA, Canada and China following field collections. Molecular study included Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenetical analyses of three chloroplast markers: the genes rbcL and matK and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer. The results showed distinct morphological differences between the North American and Chinese taxa, sufficient to recognize them as separate species. The molecular results corroborated these findings and supported the separation of the two taxa. Based on our results, the Chinese taxon is neither a variant of H. lucidula nor sister to it and therefore the supposed disjunct distribution of H. lucidula is erroneous and a result of misidentification. The Chinese taxon that was firstly reported by Ching as H. lucidula var. asiatica has been elevated to the species rank and a new combination has been made.

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