scholarly journals The smut fungi of Greenland

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 1-164
Author(s):  
Teodor T. Denchev ◽  
Henning Knudsen ◽  
Cvetomir M. Denchev
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Polar Species ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
New Hosts

The first taxonomic treatment of the smut fungi in Greenland is provided. A total of 43 species in 11 genera are treated and illustrated by photographs of sori, microphotographs of spores in LM and SEM, and distribution maps. Two species, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae and Urocystis tothii, are recorded as new from North America. Thirteen species, Anthracoidea altera, A. capillaris, A. limosa, A. liroi, A. pseudofoetidae, A. scirpoideae, A. turfosa, Microbotryum lagerheimii, M. stellariae, Schizonella elynae, Stegocintractia luzulae, Urocystis fischeri, and U. tothii, are reported for the first time from Greenland. Three new fungus-host combinations, Anthracoidea capillaris on Carex boecheriana, Anthracoidea pseudofoetidae on Carex maritima, and Urocystis tothii on Juncus biglumis, are given. Five plant species are reported as new hosts of smut fungi in Greenland, namely, Carex nigra for Anthracoidea heterospora, C. canescens for Anthracoidea karii, C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Anthracoidea misandrae, C. maritima for Orphanomyces arcticus, and C. fuliginosa subsp. misandra for Schizonella melanogramma. Three species, Microbotryum violaceum s. str. (recorded as ‘Ustilago violacea’), Urocystis anemones, and U. junci, which were previously reported from Greenland, are considered wrongly identified. Additional distribution records are given for 12 species from Greenland: Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. caricis, A. elynae, A. lindebergiae, A. misandrae, A. nardinae, A. rupestris, A. scirpi, Schizonella melanogramma, Stegocintractia hyperborea, Urocystis agropyri, and U. sorosporioides. The most numerous distribution groups are the following: circumpolar–alpine and Arctic–alpine species – 14; circumboreal–polar species – 10; and circumpolar and Arctic species – 6. The most widely distributed smut fungi in Greenland were Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, and M. vinosum. Most species were found in the High Arctic zone (29 species), while from the Low Arctic zone and the Subarctic zone, 26 and 19 species were known, respectively. Ten species, Anthracoidea bigelowii, A. capillaris, A. elynae, Microbotryum bistortarum, M. koenigiae, M. pustulatum, M. silenes-acaulis, M. vinosum, Schizonella elynae, and Urocystis sorosporioides, were recorded from all three zones. Only plants belonging to six families, Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Juncaceae, Ranunculaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, out of a total of 55 in the flora of Greenland, hosted smut fungi. Cyperaceae was the plant family with most host species (23). Carex was the genus with the highest number of host species (22). The total number of the host plants (45 species) was 8.5 % out of a total of 532 vascular plants in the flora of Greenland. A new combination in Carex, C. macroprophylla subsp. subfilifolia, is proposed for Kobresia filifolia subsp. subfilifolia.

scholarly journals The Greenland vascular plant herbarium of the University of Copenhagen

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Bay ◽  
Fred J.A. Daniëls ◽  
Geoffrey Halliday
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Botanical Survey ◽  
East Greenland ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Botanical Museum ◽  
Systematic Exploration ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
The University ◽  
North Greenland

By the establishment of the Greenland Botanical Survey in 1962 at the Botanical Museum, University of Copenhagen, an era of regular and systematic exploration of the vascular plant flora of Greenland was initiated and it ended in 1996, when funding ended. Preceding this period, the vascular plant flora was mainly known from the results of more sporadic botanical investigations mostly in low arctic West and East Greenland, but after the 1980s, investigations expanded to include the more inaccessible high arctic Northeast and North Greenland. Nowadays, vascular plant species have been collected from most regions of Greenland. So far, three regional phytogeographical studies of South, North, and West Greenland have been published, and at present, two papers dealing with the vascular plant flora of East Greenland are ready for publication. These studies will be the basis for a synopsis of the phytogeography of Greenland and a new edition of the Flora of Greenland. The published distribution maps from South, West, and North Greenland based on these collections have been digitized and used for modelling the regional vegetation and flora and its relation to past glaciations and current climate. The specimens from East Greenland have been entered into a database and will be available for future modelling projects.

scholarly journals Helminths parasites of freshwater fishes from Pirassununga, SP, Brazil

1985 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kohn ◽  
B. M. M. Fernandes ◽  
B. Macedo ◽  
B. Abramson
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Locality Record ◽  
New Host ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
First Time

Twelve species of parasitic helminths, seven trematodes, four nematodes and one acanthocephalan are reported from various hosts. Creptotrema lynchi, a parasite from Bufo marinus in Colombia, is described for the first time in fish and from Brazil, parasitizing two different species. A list of the host species, measurements and figures of most parasites are included with particular reference to the tegument of Bellumcorpus major recovered from a new host. The genus Zonocotyloides Padilha, 1978 is considered a synonym of Zonocotyle and the new combination: Zonocotyle haroltravassosi is proposed to the species Zonocotyloides haroltravassosi Padilha, 1978. The nematodes Cucullanus pinnai and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and the trematode Pararhipidocotyle jeffersoni are reported in new hosts. The description of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus curemais (new locality record) is supplemented. Other parasites recovered include the nematodes Travnema travnema (new locality record), Rondonia rondoni and the digenetic trematodes Cladocystis intestinalis, Pseudosellacotyla lutzi (new locality record), Teratotrema sp. and Zonocotyle bicaecata.

Reaction of Hordeum species to the smut fungi Ustilago nuda and U. tritici

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 2024-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Cultivated Barley ◽  
Ustilago Nuda ◽  
Hordeum Species ◽  
Eleven Species

Eleven species of Hordeum were tested for their reaction to Ustilago nuda (Jens.) Rostr. and U. tritici (Pers.) Rostr., the causes of the embryo-infecting loose smuts of cultivated barley and wheat, respectively. The species Hordeum chilense and H. depressum were resistant, while H. euclaston, H. halophilum, H. procerum, H. pusillum, and H. stenostachys were susceptible to both fungi. Hordeum muticum was susceptible only to U. nuda, while H. arizonicum, H. lechleri, and H. roshevitzii were susceptible only to U. tritici. The susceptible species are new hosts for these pathogens. It is proposed that these results, together with those of an earlier study, indicate that U. nuda evolved from U. tritici.

scholarly journals Holocene stratigraphy and vegetation history in the Scoresby Sund area, East Greenland

1978 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
S Funder
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation History ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Dwarf Shrub ◽  
Betula Nana ◽  
Isostatic Uplift ◽  
Cassiope Tetragona ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Salix Arctica ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
Holocene Stratigraphy

The Holocene stratigraphy in Scoresby Sund is based on climatic change as reflected by fluctuations in fjord and valley glaciers, immigration and extinction of marine molluscs, and the vegetation history recorded in pollen diagrams from five lakes. The histories are dated by C-14, and indirectly by emergence curves showing the patterns of isostatic uplift. From c. 10100-10400 to 9400 yr BP the major fjord glaciers showed oscillatory retreat with abundant moraine formation, the period of the Milne Land Moraines. The vegetation in the ice-free areas was a sparse type of fell field vegetation but with thermophilous elements indicating temperatures similar to the present. From 9400 yr BP the fjord glaciers retreated rapidly in the narrow fjords, the few moraines formed are referred to the Rødefjord stages and indicate topographically conditioned stillstands. At 8000 yr BP the low arctic Betula nana immigrated into the area, and in the period until 5000 yr BP dense dwarf shrub heath grew in areas where it is now absent. In the fjords the subarctic Mytilus edulis and Pecten islandica lived, suggesting a climate warmer than the present. From c. 5000 yr BP the dense dwarf shrub heath began to disappear in the coastal areas, and a 'poor' heath dominated by the high arctic Salix Arctica and Cassiope tetragona expanded. These two species, which are now extremely common, apparently did not grow in the area until c. 6000 yr BP. In lakes in the coastal area minerogenic sedimentation at c. 2800 yr BP, reflecting the general climatic deterioration.

scholarly journals Evidence for Multiple Recent Host Species Shifts among the Ranaviruses (Family Iridoviridae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 2636-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Jancovich ◽  
Michel Bremont ◽  
Jeffrey W. Touchman ◽  
Bertram L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Fish Pathogen ◽  
Necrosis Virus ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Shifts ◽  
Fish Virus ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Australian Fish ◽  
Species Shifts

ABSTRACT Members of the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae) have been recognized as major viral pathogens of cold-blooded vertebrates. Ranaviruses have been associated with amphibians, fish, and reptiles. At this time, the relationships between ranavirus species are still unclear. Previous studies suggested that ranaviruses from salamanders are more closely related to ranaviruses from fish than they are to ranaviruses from other amphibians, such as frogs. Therefore, to gain a better understanding of the relationships among ranavirus isolates, the genome of epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus (EHNV), an Australian fish pathogen, was sequenced. Our findings suggest that the ancestral ranavirus was a fish virus and that several recent host shifts have taken place, with subsequent speciation of viruses in their new hosts. The data suggesting several recent host shifts among ranavirus species increase concern that these pathogens of cold-blooded vertebrates may have the capacity to cross numerous poikilothermic species barriers and the potential to cause devastating disease in their new hosts.

scholarly journals Correlation of Haplotypes of a Fungal Plant Pathogen with their Respective Host Species of Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (8) ◽  
pp. 936-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie S. Garr ◽  
Carolyn Hughes ◽  
Jacqueline Welch ◽  
Scott A. Brown ◽  
Michael H. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Host Preference ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Microbotryum Violaceum ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
Tubulin Genes ◽  
Wobble Position ◽  
Conserved Gene ◽  
Respective Host

The anther smut fungus, Microbotryum violaceum, infects over 200 species of Caryophyllaceae (Pinks). However, limited published studies, as well as anecdotal evidence, suggest that each isolate of the fungus is restricted to one or a few species that it can productively infect. In the absence of physical differences, it would be useful to have molecular markers to identify individuals with specific host ranges prior to genetic analyses of host preference. With this purpose in mind, 17 isolates from eight different host species were characterized for differences in their respective γ-tubulin genes. The region of the gene including the sixth and seventh introns and some surrounding coding regions was amplified and sequenced and the results were analyzed phylogenetically. Despite the small sample size and the geographical distribution of their respective host plants, isolates from the same host species showed no differences in the DNA regions examined; isolates of closely related pathovars also grouped together. In contrast, relative to the corresponding regions from other pathovars, isolates from host species that were genetically or taxonomically more distant showed a marked number of differences in both introns and in the third (wobble) position of codons in the seventh exon. Thus, DNA sequence differences in this highly conserved gene may be used to distinguish isolates from different host species. Such information may prove useful as markers for the different formae speciales in future analyses of host preference.

Why do we monitor? Using seabird eggs to track trends in Arctic environmental contamination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Bianchini ◽  
Mark L. Mallory ◽  
Birgit Braune ◽  
Derek C.G. Muir ◽  
Jennifer F. Provencher
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Arctic Canada ◽  
Seabird Species ◽  
Contaminant Monitoring ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Arctic ◽  
High Level

Contaminant levels and trends have been monitored in eggs of seabirds from the Canadian Arctic since 1975. Nearly 50 years of monitoring have provided key information regarding the temporal and spatial variation of various contaminant classes in different seabird species. However, previous work has primarily assessed individual or related contaminant classes in isolation. There is therefore a need to collectively consider all of the contaminants monitored in seabird eggs to determine where monitoring has been successful, to find areas for improvement, and to identify opportunities for future research. In this review, we evaluated monitoring data for the major legacy and emerging contaminants of concern in five seabird species from three High Arctic and three Low Arctic colonies in Canada. We review the history of Canada’s Arctic seabird egg monitoring program and discuss how monitoring efforts have changed over time; we summarize temporal, spatial, and interspecies variations in Arctic seabird egg contamination and identify important knowledge gaps; and we discuss future directions for ecotoxicology research using seabird eggs in Arctic Canada. Ultimately, this paper provides a high-level overview of the egg contaminant monitoring program and underscores the importance of long-term and continued seabird contaminant monitoring in Arctic Canada.

New records and new hosts of smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) from Cuba

Nova Hedwigia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
José Manuel Pérez-Martínez ◽  
Meike Piepenbring
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
New Hosts

Revision of the Eurybrachidae (XIII). The new Australian genus Chewobrachys (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1898 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEROME CONSTANT
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Eastern Australia

The new genus of Eurybrachidae Chewobrachys n. g. (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha) is described for two species from Eastern Australia, Platybrachys sanguiflua (Walker, 1858) and Chewobrachys limbourgi n. sp. The new combination Chewobrachys sanguiflua (Walker, 1858) n. comb. is proposed and Platybrachys insignis Distant, 1892 is proposed as a junior synonym of C. sanguiflua. The male and female genitalia are illustrated and photos of habitus, distribution maps and biological data are provided with the description of the species. A key to the species of Chewobrachys is given. Lectotypes are designated for Eurybrachys sanguiflua Walker, 1858 and Platybrachys insignis Distant, 1892. The new genus is provisionally placed in the tribe Platybrachyini Schmidt, 1908.

Host species of mistletoes (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) in Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nicole F. Clark ◽  
Jen A. McComb ◽  
Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
New Host ◽  
Host Family ◽  
Single Host ◽  
New Hosts ◽  
Host Families ◽  
New Host Species

In order to study the relationships between mistletoes and their host species, comprehensive collections of both mistletoes and hosts are needed. The effect of sampling effort on the estimation of mistletoe host range was demonstrated in a comparison of an inventory of host mistletoe interactions published by Downey in 1998 and a 2019 inventory presented here, which is based on data from collections in the Australian Virtual Herbarium and information in the literature. New hosts were recorded for 93% of the 90 Australian mistletoes. There were 338 previously known hosts recorded to be parasitised by additional mistletoe species, and 317 new host species that were not previously known as mistletoe hosts (25 being alien species). These were from 78 new host genera and 13 new host families. The total number of host species was 1186 within 327 genera from 92 host families. A total of 63% of all Australian mistletoes parasitise species of either Eucalyptus or Acacia or both these genera. The large rise in host species recorded in less than two decades between inventories suggests that current knowledge of hosts is still incomplete, such that further new hosts will be discovered in future. Some mistletoe species show a strong preference to one host family or genus but due to insufficient collecting it is premature to conclude that any of the three species known from a single host are host specific.

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