scholarly journals Increasing impacts by Antarctica’s most widespread invasive plant species as result of direct competition with native vascular plants

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 19-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco A. Molina-Montenegro ◽  
Dana M. Bergstrom ◽  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska ◽  
Peter Convey ◽  
Steven L. Chown
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Antarctic

Biological invasions represent significant economic and conservation challenges, though it is widely acknowledged that their impacts are often poorly documented and difficult to predict. In the Antarctic, one non-native vascular plant species is widespread and studies have shown negative impacts on native flora. Using field “common garden” experiments, we evaluate the competitive impact of the increasingly widespread invasive grass Poa annua on the only two native vascular species of Antarctica, the forb Colobanthus quitensis and the grass Deschampsia antarctica. We focus on interactions between these three plant species under current and a future, wetter, climate scenario, in terms of density of individuals. Our analysis demonstrates Poa annua has the potential to have negative impacts on the survival and growth of the native Antarctic vascular species. Under predicted future wetter conditions, C. quitensis communities will become more resistant to invasion, while those dominated by D. antarctica will become less resistant. Under a recently developed unified scheme for non-native species impacts, P. annua can be considered a species that can cause potentially moderate to major impacts in Antarctica. If current patterns of increased human pressure and regional climate change persist and mitigation action is not taken (i.e. reduction of propagule pressure and eradication or control measures), P. annua is likely to spread in Antarctica, especially in the Antarctic Peninsula region, with significant negative consequences for some of the most remote and pristine ecosystems worldwide. Tighter biosecurity across all operators in the region, improved surveillance for the species, and prompt, effective control actions will reduce these risks.

Agricultural weeds and coastal saltmarsh in south-eastern Australia: an insurmountable problem?

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hurst ◽  
Paul I. Boon
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

It is often assumed that saline coastal wetlands experience environmental conditions so severe that they are largely immune to invasion by exotic plant species. The belief is implicit in many older reviews of threats to mangroves and coastal saltmarshes, where a limited range of vascular plant taxa, often focussing on *Spartina, (throughout the paper an asterisk denotes an introduced (exotic) species as per Carr 2012) have been invoked as the major species of concern. Even though the weed flora of southern Australia is derived largely from agriculture and horticulture, neither of which includes many species tolerant of waterlogged, variably saline environments, a recent assessment of Victorian saline coastal wetlands indicated that exotic plants were the third-most pervasive threat, after land ‘reclamation’ and grazing. Tall wheat grass, *Lophopyrum ponticum (Podp.) A.Love., is one of the most severe and widely distributed weeds of saline coastal wetlands in south-eastern Australia. It is promoted by the agricultural extension arm of the Victorian government as a salt-tolerant pasture grass; however, its broad ecological amplitude and robust life form make it a most serious invader of upper saltmarsh in Victoria. We assessed the effectiveness of different control measures, including slashing and herbicides, for the management of *L. ponticum infestations (and their side effects on saltmarsh communities) in the Western Port region of Victoria. A nominally monocot-specific herbicide widely used to control *Spartina, Fluazifop-P, was ineffective in controlling *L. ponticum. The broad-spectrum systemic herbicide glyphosate was more effective in controlling *L. ponticum, but had undesirable impacts on native plant species. Controlling weeds in coastal wetlands using available herbicides for use near coastal waterways would seem to remain problematic.

Transcriptome sequencing of the Antarctic vascular plant Deschampsia antarctica Desv. under abiotic stress

Planta ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 237 (3) ◽  
pp. 823-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungeun Lee ◽  
Eun Kyeung Noh ◽  
Hyung-Seok Choi ◽  
Seung Chul Shin ◽  
Hyun Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Deschampsia Antarctica ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Uso de la Estructura de tallas como evidencia del establecimiento poblacional del pez león Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) en el sur del Caribe Mexicano.

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Mateo Sabido-Itzá ◽  
Alejandro Medina-Quej ◽  
Alberto De Jesús-Navarrete ◽  
Jorge Manuel Gómez-Poot ◽  
María Del Carmen García-Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Mexican Caribbean ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Continuous Population ◽  
Negative Impacts

The lionfish (P. volitans) has now invaded all the Mexican Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, with the potential to cause negative impacts on the reefs. In the South Mexican Caribbean was firstly reported in July 2009, and six years after this report, some control measures such as fish tournament and local marketing have been implemented. However, information on its biology and invasion is still-lacking, so this study analyzed the population structure of 2 164 organisms collected from 2009 to 2012. An increase was observed in sizes for each year averaging Total length (Tl): 118 ± 34.8, 133 ± 56.3, 187 ± 74.8 and 219 ± 72.4 mm, respectively. Lionfish establishment at the study site is shown for the presence of juveniles’ sizes 20 mm TL up to 375 mm TL. When the back-calculation was obtained, we estimated that the larger fish could have recruited in early 2006, three years before the first report was made. A continuous population monitoring and an ecological study, will allow us to clarify the real impact in the ecosystems of the region and so to propose the most effective control actions.

scholarly journals Non-native species in the vascular flora of highlands and mountains of Iceland

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel Wasowicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Central Highland

Highlands and mountains of Iceland (defined here as areas located above 400 m a.s.l) are considered to be the largest remaining wilderness areas in Europe. The present study provides first comprehensive and up-to-date data on non-native plant species from this area. The study was aimed to provide a checklist of alien plant species recorded from highland and mountain areas of Iceland, assess their naturalisation status, define spatial patterns and hotspots of their distribution and analyse temporal trends in the data. The presence of 18 non-native vascular plant species was evidenced including 13 casuals and 5 naturalised taxa (1 invasive). The results showed that the central highland is most vulnerable to alien plant colonisation, while mountain and highland areas in other parts of the country are much less impacted by non-native plant taxa. Clear hotspots of occurrence of alien flora can be defined and their geographic location corresponds to places of touristic interest such as hot springs, geothermal areas, mountain huts and shelters as well as main roads and tracks. Temporal trends characterizing non-native plant colonization show clearly that the process is still in its initial phase. The research suggests that human-mediated dispersal is the major force contributing to increased invasion risk within the investigated area.

Chronione, rzadkie i zagrożone gatunki roślin naczyniowych we florze Wzgórz Chęcińskich i Pasma Dymińskiego (Wyżyna Małopolska) – cz. I. Gatunki muraw oraz ciepłolubnych okrajków

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-73
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Łazarski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Rare And Endangered ◽  
S Poland

The paper is the first part of a series of articles on protected, rare and endangered vascular plant species recorded in the Chęciny Hills and Dyminy Range (Małopolska Upland, S Poland), including 85 native species which in the study area occur mainly in xerothermic and psammophilous grassland or thermophilous fringe vegetation. Among them there are 24 species protected in Poland, 42 species endangered in Poland, and 60 endangered regionally. The paper is based on phytogeographical studies done during the vegetative seasons of 2010–2015 and supplemented in 2016–2019.

Non-native species in the vascular flora of the national park «Samarsky Bir»

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
B. A. Baranovski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
National Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Transformation ◽  
Vascular Flora ◽  
Native Flora ◽  
Adventitious Species ◽  
Vascular Plant Species

Results of non-native flora surveys on Samara Dniprovska River valley within the designed National Park «Samarsky Bir» were analyzed in the paper. Scientific justification on first stage creation of the national-level National Park «Samarsky Bir» was prepared in 2012. Its area included the main park area with floodplain, arena and gully landscapes of the rivers Samara and Oril interstream. List of vascular plant species on floodplain, arena and gully habitats of Prisamar'ya counted 887 species. They are classified as 5 divisions, 6 classes, 108 families, 429 genera. This article presents a list of non-native flora fraction with bioecological characteristic of the plant species. The surveys were conducted by conventional methods on vascular flora studying. Analysis of the main plant ecomorphs was carried out by A. L. Belgard ecomorph system (1950). Invasion of plant species in the steppe zone of Ukraine has a long history complicated by significant anthropogenic transformation of the territory. We investigated the status of non-native plants, their ecomorphs, and tendency to invasiveness on the territory of National Park «Samarsky Bir» designed. Presence of 195 adventitious vascular plant species belonging to 48 families was determined. Of them, 7 families with the greatest abundance of non-native species contained 113 taxa (58 % of the total); 20 families were represented with 2–7 advents, and 20 families contained only 1 non-native species. Thus, today the share of non-native species in the vascular flora of the region accounted for nearly 22 %. Most of adventitious species are mesoxerophytes and xeromesophytes. In a cenomorphic relationship, vegetation being ruderal on the territory of Ukraine is dominated in composition of non-native flora. Within the total number of adventitious species, archaeophytes amount up 44 %, whereas neophytes come up to 56 %. The greatest abundance of adventitious species has been found in Brassicaceae, Asterasea and Poaceae families (15 %, 12 %, and 11 % of the total, respectively). 119 non-native vascular plant species were found in the steppe cenoses, 79 species in the gully and watershed forests, 90 species in floodplain forests, and 52 species on the territory of the sandy terrace. Among all the non-native species, 28 species have been identified as invasive, and there was a trend to increased invasiveness of some species in recent years. Among heterogenous species 12 of them were identified as invasive, and there was a tendency to increase theinvasiveness of some species in recent years. The analysis provided on non-native flora in the National Park evidences significant anthropogenic transformation of the territory; that requires establishment of appropriate regime on protection of this important ecological object.

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