scholarly journals The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Glover ◽  
Thomas Dahlgren ◽  
Sergio Taboada ◽  
Gordon Paterson ◽  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Joint Programming ◽  
Vast Area ◽  
Molecular Biogeography

Recent years have seen a rapid increase in survey and sampling expeditions to the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) abyssal plain, a vast area of the central Pacific that is currently being actively explored for deep-sea minerals (ISA, 2016). Critical to the development of evidence-based environmental policy in the CCZ are data on the biogeography and connectivity of species at a CCZ-regional level. The London Workshop on the Biogeography and Connectivity of the CCZ was convened to support the integration and synthesis of data from European Union (EU) CCZ projects, supported by the EU Managing Impacts of Deep-Sea Resource Exploitation (MIDAS) and EU Joint Programming Initiative Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans (JPI Oceans) projects. The London Workshop had three clear goals: (1) To explore, review and synthesise the latest molecular biogeography and connectivity data from across recent CCZ cruises from both contractor and academia-funded projects; (2) To develop complementary and collaborative institutional and program-based academic publication plans to avoid duplication of effort and ensure maximum collaborative impact; (3) To plan a joint synthetic data publication highlighting key results from a range of planned molecular biogeography/connectivity publications. 32 participants attended the workshop at the Natural History Museum in London from 10-12 May 2016. Presentations and discussions are summarised in this report covering (1) overviews of current CCZ environmental projects, (2) policy and industry perspectives, (3) synthesis of DNA taxonomy and biogeography studies, (4) summaries of the latest population genetic studies, (5) summaries of the latest broader morphological context, (6) an overview of publication and proposal plans to maximise collaborative opportunities and finally a series of workshop recommendations.

scholarly journals Mesopelagic Scattering Layer Behaviors Across the Clarion-Clipperton Zone: Implications for Deep-Sea Mining

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica N. Perelman ◽  
Eric Firing ◽  
Jesse M. A. van der Grient ◽  
Benjamin A. Jones ◽  
Jeffrey C. Drazen
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Migration ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Height Anomaly ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Scattering Layer ◽  
Large Variability

The Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) is a 4 million km2 area in the eastern Central Pacific Ocean exhibiting large variability in environmental parameters, particularly oxygen and primary production, that is being targeted for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining. This remote region’s pelagic biology is very poorly sampled, including for micronekton and zooplankton that provide essential ecosystem services such as carbon flux and support for commercial fisheries. We built a baseline of deep scattering layer (DSL) depths and vertical migration behaviors, proxies for mesopelagic micronekton and zooplankton communities, using shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler datasets. Acoustic data (38 kHz, 75 kHz) were compiled from research cruises passing near or through the CCZ (2004–2019), and environmental data (mean midwater oxygen partial pressure, surface chlorophyll-a, and sea surface height anomaly) were assembled from the World Ocean Atlas and satellite oceanographic datasets. Our results suggest that midwater oxygen, associated with the Eastern Tropical Pacific Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), is the strongest predictor of daytime DSL depths and the proportions of midwater populations that undergo vertical migration in this region. We used these relationships to predict micronekton and zooplankton behaviors across the CCZ, including licensed mining exploration areas and no-mining reserves. While the OMZ encompasses most licensed exploration areas, the current network of reserves lies outside of the core OMZ and ultimately may not represent or protect the pelagic OMZ fauna at highest risk from mining impacts. This research will further assist in developing resource exploitation regulations by the International Seabed Authority, and will provide mesopelagic baseline information for monitoring changes that may occur in the CCZ once industrial-scale mining begins.

scholarly journals Primary Production in the Water Column as Major Structuring Element of the Biogeographical Distribution and Function of Archaea in Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Pacific Ocean

Archaea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Wemheuer ◽  
Avril Jean Elisabeth von Hoyningen-Huene ◽  
Marion Pohlner ◽  
Julius Degenhardt ◽  
Bert Engelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Archaeal Community ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea Sediments ◽  
And Function ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
Archaeal Communities

Information on environmental conditions shaping archaeal communities thriving at the seafloor of the central Pacific Ocean is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the diversity, composition, and function of both entire and potentially active archaeal communities within Pacific deep-sea sediments. For this purpose, sediment samples were taken along the 180° meridian of the central Pacific Ocean. Community composition and diversity were assessed by Illumina tag sequencing targeting archaeal 16S rRNA genes and transcripts. Archaeal communities were dominated by CandidatusNitrosopumilus(Thaumarchaeota) and other members of theNitrosopumilaceae(Thaumarchaeota), but higher relative abundances of the Marine Group II (Euryarchaeota) were observed in the active compared to the entire archaeal community. The composition of the entire and the active archaeal communities was strongly linked to primary production (chlorophyll content), explaining more than 40% of the variance. Furthermore, we found a strong correlation of the entire archaeal community composition to latitude and silicic acid content, while the active community was significantly correlated with primary production and ferric oxide content. We predicted functional profiles from 16S rRNA data to assess archaeal community functions. Latitude was significantly correlated with functional profiles of the entire community, whereas those of the active community were significantly correlated with nitrate and chlorophyll content. The results of the present study provide first insights into benthic archaeal communities in the Pacific Ocean and environmental conditions shaping their diversity, distribution, and function. Additionally, they might serve as a template for further studies investigating archaea colonizing deep-sea sediments.

Deep-sea foraging pathways: an analysis of randomness and resource exploitation

Paleobiology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Kitchell
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Trace Fossil ◽  
Empirical Modeling ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Random Behavior

The foraging paradigm of trace fossil theory has historically accorded random behavior to non-food-limited deposit-feeders and non-random behavior to food-limited feeders. A series of randomness measures derived from empirical modeling, simulation modeling, stochastic modeling and probability theory applied to foraging patterns observed in deep-sea bottom photographs from the Arctic and Antarctic yielded a behavioral continuum of increasing non-randomness. A linear regression of trace positions along the continuum to bathymetric data did not substantiate the optimal foraging efficiency-depth dependence model of trace fossil theory, except that all traces exhibited a greater optimization than that of simulated random foraging. It is hypothesized that optimization as evidenced by non-random foraging strategies represents maximization of the cost/benefit ratio of resource exploitation to risk of predation and that individual foraging patterns reflect an exploration response to the morphometry of a patchily distributed food resource. Differential predation and competition may account for the co-occurrence of random and non-random strategies within the same bathymetric zone.

Insights into piezophily from genetic studies on the deep-sea bacterium, Photobacterium profundum SS9

2010 ◽  
Vol 1189 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad W. El-Hajj ◽  
David Allcock ◽  
Theodora Tryfona ◽  
Federico M. Lauro ◽  
Lindsay Sawyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Photobacterium Profundum

New records of deep-sea barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Scalpelliformes) from the Clarion-Clipperton region, Pacific Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3297 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLEG P. POLTARUKHA ◽  
VYACHESLAV F. MEL’NIK
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
New Records ◽  
Central Pacific

Barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica) taken in the Clarion-Clipperton region, central Pacific, during cruises of the Research VesselYuzhmorgeologia (2003, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011) were studied. Three species, Amigdoscalpellum torbenwolffi Zevina, 1981,Arcoscalpellum radiatum Rao et Newman, 1972 and Catherinum tortilum (Zevina, 1973), were collected in five samples from depths of 4680–4877m. The data obtained considerably extend the previously known distributions of these three species.

Two new species of the deep-sea genus Parameiropsis (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) from the eastern central Pacific

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4132 (4) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAE HYUN CHO ◽  
JIN HEE WI ◽  
HAE-LIP SUH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Two New Species

scholarly journals Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae, and Travisiidae

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 883 ◽  
pp. 1-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Wiklund ◽  
Lenka Neal ◽  
Adrian G. Glover ◽  
Regan Drennan ◽  
Muriel Rabone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Dna Taxonomy ◽  
Central Pacific Ocean ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
The Uk

We present DNA taxonomy of abyssal polychaete worms from the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), central Pacific Ocean, using material collected as part of the Abyssal Baseline (ABYSSLINE) environmental survey cruises ‘AB01’ and ‘AB02’ to the UK Seabed Resources Ltd (UKSRL) polymetallic nodule exploration contract area ‘UK-1’, the Ocean Mineral Singapore exploration contract area ‘OMS-1’ and an Area of Particular Environmental Interest, ‘APEI-6’. This is the fourth paper in a series to provide regional taxonomic data with previous papers reporting on Cnidaria, Echinodermata and Mollusca. Taxonomic data are presented for 23 species from 85 records within four polychaete families: Capitellidae, Opheliidae, Scalibregmatidae and Travisiidae, identified by a combination of morphological and genetic data, including molecular phylogenetic analyses. Two taxa (genetically separated from one another) morphologically matched the same known cosmopolitan species,Ophelina abranchiatathat has a type locality in a different ocean basin and depth from where no genetic data was available. These two species were assigned the open nomenclature ‘cf.’ as a precautionary approach in taxon assignments to avoid over-estimating species ranges. Twelve (12) taxa are here described as new species,Ammotrypanella keenanisp. nov.,Ammotrypanella kerstenisp. nov.,Ophelina curlisp. nov.,Ophelina ganaesp. nov.,Ophelina juhazisp. nov.,Ophelina martinezarbizuisp. nov.,Ophelina meyeraesp. nov.,Ophelina nunnallyisp. nov.,Oligobregma brasieraesp. nov.,Oligobregma tanisp. nov.,Oligobregma whaleyisp. nov.andTravisia ziegleraesp. nov.For the remaining nine taxa, we have determined them to be potentially new species, for which we make the raw data, imagery and vouchers available for future taxonomic study. The CCZ is a region undergoing intense exploration for potential deep-sea mineral extraction from polymetallic nodules. We present these data to facilitate future taxonomic and environmental impact study by making both data and voucher materials available through curated and accessible biological collections.

scholarly journals Physical and hydrodynamic properties of deep sea mining-generated, abyssal sediment plumes in the Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone (eastern-central Pacific)

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Gillard ◽  
Kaveh Purkiani ◽  
Damianos Chatzievangelou ◽  
Annemiek Vink ◽  
Morten H. Iversen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Polymetallic Nodule ◽  
Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Clarion Clipperton Fracture Zone ◽  
Nodule Mining

The anthropogenic impact of polymetallic nodule harvesting in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone is expected to strongly affect the benthic ecosystem. To predict the long-term, industrial-scale impact of nodule mining on the deep-sea environment and to improve the reliability of the sediment plume model, information about the specific characteristics of deep-sea particles is needed. Discharge simulations of mining-related fine-grained (median diameter ≈ 20 μm) sediment plumes at concentrations of 35–500 mg L–1 (dry weight) showed a propensity for rapid flocculation within 10 to 135 min, resulting in the formation of large aggregates up to 1100 μm in diameter. The results indicated that the discharge of elevated plume concentrations (500 mg L–1) under an increased shear rate (G ≥ 2.4 s–1) would result in improved efficiency of sediment flocculation. Furthermore, particle transport model results suggested that even under typical deep-sea flow conditions (G ≈ 0.1 s–1), rapid deposition of particles could be expected, which would restrict heavy sediment blanketing (several centimeters) to a smaller fall-out area near the source, unless subsequent flow events resuspended the sediments. Planning for in situ tests of these model projections is underway.

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