scholarly journals Documenting Reproductive Phenology using Herbarium Specimens: Experiences from the New England Vascular Plants Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. e20430
Author(s):  
Patrick Sweeney ◽  
Edward Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Herbarium Specimens

scholarly journals Herbarium specimens reveal substantial and unexpected variation in phenological sensitivity across the eastern United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20170394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Park ◽  
Ian Breckheimer ◽  
Alex C. Williams ◽  
Edith Law ◽  
Aaron M. Ellison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Continental Scale

Phenology is a key biological trait that can determine an organism's survival and provides one of the clearest indicators of the effects of recent climatic change. Long time-series observations of plant phenology collected at continental scales could clarify latitudinal and regional patterns of plant responses and illuminate drivers of that variation, but few such datasets exist. Here, we use the web tool CrowdCurio to crowdsource phenological data from over 7000 herbarium specimens representing 30 diverse flowering plant species distributed across the eastern United States. Our results, spanning 120 years and generated from over 2000 crowdsourcers, illustrate numerous aspects of continental-scale plant reproductive phenology. First, they support prior studies that found plant reproductive phenology significantly advances in response to warming, especially for early-flowering species. Second, they reveal that fruiting in populations from warmer, lower latitudes is significantly more phenologically sensitive to temperature than that for populations from colder, higher-latitude regions. Last, we found that variation in phenological sensitivities to climate within species between regions was of similar magnitude to variation between species. Overall, our results suggest that phenological responses to anthropogenic climate change will be heterogeneous within communities and across regions, with large amounts of regional variability driven by local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity and differences in species assemblages. As millions of imaged herbarium specimens become available online, they will play an increasingly critical role in revealing large-scale patterns within assemblages and across continents that ultimately can improve forecasts of the impacts of climatic change on the structure and function of ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene’.

scholarly journals Indigenous vascular plants of the Soutpansberg, South Africa

Bothalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Hahn
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Status ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Background: The first checklist for the Soutpansberg was published in 1946, and the second list was compiled by the author in 2006 as part of his doctoral thesis. Currently, there is a need for an updated account of the biodiversity of the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism and Diversity for conservation planning in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, within which the Soutpansberg is the principle geomorphological feature.Objectives: To present an updated list of vascular plants recorded for the Soutpansberg.Method: The list was compiled from various sources including literature reviews, herbarium specimens, herbarium databases and personal observations.Results: This article presents the most geographically accurate and taxonomically updated list of the indigenous vascular flora of the Soutpansberg, the northernmost mountain range of South Africa. Altogether 2443 taxa are recorded belonging to 922 genera in 187 families and 64 orders.Conclusion: The list presented in this article confirms the status of the Soutpansberg as a centre of floristic diversity in southern Africa. Notable is the higher-order diversity of the flora. It is likely that both future surveys and reviews of herbarium collections will add new taxa to the current total.

The New England Vascular Plants Project: 295,000 specimens and counting

Rhodora ◽  
10.3119/15-34 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (975) ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schorn ◽  
Ella Weber ◽  
Rebecca Bernardos ◽  
Claire Hopkins ◽  
Charles Davis
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Vascular Plants

scholarly journals Digitization protocol for scoring reproductive phenology from herbarium specimens of seed plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Yost ◽  
Patrick W. Sweeney ◽  
Ed Gilbert ◽  
Gil Nelson ◽  
Robert Guralnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens

Novitates Gabonenses 88: additions to the flora of Gabon and new records of little-known species

2018 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-422
Author(s):  
Olivier Lachenaud ◽  
Tariq Stévart ◽  
Archange Boupoya ◽  
Nicolas Texier ◽  
Gilles Dauby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
New Records ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Equatorial Guinea ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Made In

Background and aims – The intensive botanical prospections carried out in Gabon since the publication of the national checklist in 2006 have resulted in c. 34 300 new specimens (amounting to 30% of all collections made in the country) and an annual increase of 25 species in average. As a result, 5175 species of vascular plants are now recorded from Gabon, of which 650 are considered endemic. However, most of the recent discoveries have not yet been published. This paper is the first of a series documenting additions to the flora of Gabon, and new records of poorly known species. It concerns specifically new records from the Lower Ogooué Ramsar site, the third largest delta of Africa, and certainly the most intact, which includes 80% of the country’s wetlands and a wide variety of other habitats.Methods – The new records presented here come essentially from fieldwork conducted in Gabon between 2008 and 2016 by the authors and colleagues. Further information comes from the study of herbarium specimens in BR, BRLU, K, LBV, MO, P and WAG. For each species, information on distribution and ecology is given, and the studied Gabonese collections listed. In case of rare or range-restricted species, collections from other countries are also listed, and a distribution map is provided, as well as an evaluation of the conservation status based on the categories and criteria of the IUCN Red List.Key results – We report 18 additions to the flora of Gabon, including four genera new to the country (Capparis, Gisekia, Hoffmanniella and Leptochloa) and the first records of the neotropical Justicia secunda being naturalised in tropical Africa. New distribution records are also provided for 16 rare Gabonese endemics or near-endemics. Some species are also newly reported from Cameroon (Cissus leemansii, Salacia coronata) and Equatorial Guinea (Cissus leemansii, C. louisii, Lychnodiscus grandifolius, Placodiscus resendeanus, Rutidea gabonensis, Uvaria bipindensis). Two species, which were reported in the 2006 checklist based on misidentifications, are excluded from the Gabonese flora.

scholarly journals Late-Quaternary history of the alpine flora of the New Hampshire White Mountains

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norton G. Miller ◽  
Ray W. Spear
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Plant Macrofossils ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Alpine Tundra ◽  
White Mountains ◽  
Alpine Zone

Abstract A distinctive flora of 73 species of vascular plants and numerous bryophytes occurs in the ca. 20 km 2 of alpine tundra in the White Mountains, New Hampshire. The late- Quaternary distribution of these plants, many of which are disjuncts, was investigated by studies of pollen and plant macrofossils from lower Lakes of the Clouds (1 542 m) in the alpine zone of Mount Washington. Results were compared with pollen and macrofossils from lowland late-glacial deposits in western New England. Lowland paleofloras contained fossils of 43 species of vascular plants, 13 of which occur in the contemporary alpine flora of the White Mountains. A majority of species in the paleoflora has geographic affinities to Labrador, northern Québec, and Greenland, a pattern also apparent for mosses in the lowland deposits. The first macrofossils in lower Lakes of the Clouds were arctic-alpine mosses of acid soils. Although open-ground mosses and vascular plants continued to occur throughout the Holocene, indicating that alpine tundra persisted, fossils of a low-elevation moss Hylocomiastrum umbratum are evidence that forest (perhaps as krummholz) covered a greater area near the basin from 7 500 to 3 500 yBP. No calcicolous plants were recovered from sediments at lower Lakes of the Clouds. Climatic constraints on the alpine flora during the Younger Dryas oscillation and perhaps during other cold-climate events and intervening periods of higher temperature may have led to the loss of plant species in the White Mountain alpine zone. Late-glacial floras of lowland western New England were much richer than floras of areas above treeline during late-glacial time and at the present.

scholarly journals An annotated checklist of vascular plants of Cherangani hills, Western Kenya

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 1-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuvenalis Morara Mbuni ◽  
Yadong Zhou ◽  
Shengwei Wang ◽  
Veronicah Mutele Ngumbau ◽  
Paul Mutuku Musili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
The Past ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Cherangani hills, located in Western Kenya, comprises of 12 forest blocks, maintaining great plant diversity. However, little attention to plant diversity studies has been paid to it in the past years. Here, we present a checklist of the vascular plants of this region obtained through intensive field investigations and matching of herbarium specimens. In total, 1296 species, including 17 endemic species are documented, belonging to 130 families and 608 genera. This flora represents 18.50%, 43.83% and 54.17% of the Kenyan species, genera and families, respectively. The habit, habitat and voucher specimens, as well as brief notes on the distribution of each taxon recorded are presented in this checklist. It is the first exhaustive inventory of the terrestrial vascular plants in Cherangani hills which is a significant regional centre for plant diversity.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic position of Phlojodicarpus villosus (Apiaceae) based on ITS and trnH-psbA nucleotide sequences

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Olga E. Valuyskikh ◽  
Dmitry M. Shadrin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Northern Urals ◽  
Chloroplast Markers ◽  
Magadan Region ◽  
Different Parts

The aim of our work was to obtain chloroplast (trnH-psbA) and nuclear (ITS1-ITS2) DNA nucleotide sequences and identify the phylogenetic position of Phlojodicarpus villosus (Apiaceae). This species of vascular plants is represented in the Urals by isolated relic populations and is included in the regional Red Data Books. There is no data on P. villosus nucleotide sequences in the international open genetic databases. We studied two herbarium specimens of P. villosus, one collected from the Ural part of its range in the Komi Republic (Northern Urals) and the second collected from the main part of its range in the Magadan Region (Kolyma Highlands). Combining nuclear and chloroplast markers made it possible to reliably determine phylogenetic position of P. villosus within the tribe Selineae (subfamily Apioideae, family Apiaceae). We found ITS1-ITS2 and trnH-psbA nucleotide sequences to be sufficiently informative to identify specimens of this genus. High polymorphism of P. villosus sequences obtained from different parts of its range (Northern Urals and Kolyma Highlands) and the presence of evolutionary events (deletions) require more detail study of P. villosus and other Phlojodicarpus taxa by DNA barcoding methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document