scholarly journals Size variation and geographical distribution of the luminous earthworm Pontodrilus litoralis (Grube, 1855) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southeast Asia and Japan

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Teerapong Seesamut ◽  
Parin Jirapatrasilp ◽  
Ratmanee Chanabun ◽  
Yuichi Oba ◽  
Somsak Panha
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Littoral Habitat ◽  
Wide Range

The luminous earthworm Pontodriluslitoralis (Grube, 1855) occurs in a very wide range of subtropical and tropical coastal areas. Morphometrics on size variation (number of segments, body length and diameter) and genetic analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene sequence were conducted on 14 populations of P.litoralis from Southeast Asia and Japan. Statistical inference on morphometric data revealed significantly different size variations in the body length and diameter among these 14 populations of P.litoralis. However, discordance between the morphometric and mitochondrial COI gene-based phylogenetic analyses was evident, where the size variations in P.litoralis showed a different pattern from the COI genetic differences. The update on the current distribution of P.litoralis is reported and revealed different aspects of the littoral habitat characteristics between Southeast Asia and Japan.

A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Ninh Thuan Province, southern Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4999 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-76
Author(s):  
Quyen Hanh Do ◽  
TRUNG MY PHUNG ◽  
HANH THI NGO ◽  
MINH DUC LE ◽  
THOMAS ZIEGLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Southern Vietnam ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Dorsal Pattern ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the Cyrtodactylus irregularis group is described from Ninh Thuan Province, southern Vietnam based on molecular divergence and morphological differences. Cyrtodactylus orlovi sp. nov. is distinguished from the remaining Indochinese bent-toed geckos by having the unique combination of the following characters: size medium (SVL 61.0–77.7 mm); dorsal tubercles in 16–20 irregular rows; 36–39 ventral scale rows; precloacal pores absent in females, 5 or 6 in males, in a continuous row; femoral pores absent; 3–8 enlarged femoral scales; postcloacal spurs 1 or 2; lamellae under toe IV 16–19; a continuous neckband; a highly irregular transverse banded dorsal pattern; the absence of transversely enlarged median subcaudal scales. In phylogenetic analyses, the new species was revealed to be the sister taxon to a clade consisting of Cyrtodactylus cattienensis and the most recently described species from Vietnam, C. chungi, with 12.1–12.4% and 11.7 % pairwise genetic divergence from the two species, respectively, based on a fragment of the mitochondrial COI gene.  

Instant taxonomy: choosing adequate characters for species delimitation and description through congruence between molecular data and quantitative shape analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomislav Karanovic ◽  
Seunghan Lee ◽  
Wonchoel Lee
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Molecular Barcoding ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
University Funding ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Northern Pacific

The lack of university funding is one of the major impediments to taxonomy, partly because traditional taxonomic training takes longer than a PhD course. Understanding ranges of phenotypic variability for different morphological structures, and their use as characters for delimitation and description of taxa, is a tedious task. We argue that the advent of molecular barcoding and quantitative shape analysis makes it unnecessary. As an example, we tackle a problematic species-complex of marine copepods from Korea and Japan, approaching it as a starting taxonomist might. Samples were collected from 14 locations and the mitochondrial COI gene was sequenced from 42 specimens. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal four distinct clades in Korea and Japan, and an additional nine belonging to a closely related complex from other parts of the Northern Pacific. Twenty different morphological structures were analysed for one Japanese and two Korean clades using landmark-based two-dimensional geometric morphometrics. Although there is no single morphological character that can distinguish with absolute certainty all three cryptic species, most show statistically significant interspecific differences in shape and size. We use five characters to describe two new species from Korea and to re-describe Tigriopus japonicus Mori, 1938 from near its type locality.

scholarly journals Integrative Taxonomy of the Spinous Assassin Bug Genus Sclomina (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) Reveals Three Cryptic Species Based on DNA Barcoding and Morphological Evidence

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Zhenyong Du ◽  
Qian Zhao ◽  
Donghai Li ◽  
Xiaolan Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
History Of

Sclomina Stål, 1861 (Heteroptera: Reduviidae: Harpactorinae) is endemic to China and Vietnam, with only two species, Sclomina erinacea Stål, 1861 and Sclomina guangxiensis Ren, 2001, characterized by spinous body and dentate abdominal connexivum. However, due to variable morphological characteristics, Sclomina erinacea, which is widely distributed in South China, is possibly a complex of cryptic species, and Sclomina guangxiensis was suspected to be an extreme group of the S. erinacea cline. In the present study, we conducted species delimitation and phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences of 307 Sclomina specimens collected from 30 sampling localities combined with morphological evidence. The result showed that all samples used in this study were identified as five species: Sclomina guangxiensis is a valid species, and Sclomina erinacea actually includes three cryptic species: Sclomina xingrensis P. Zhao and Cai sp. nov., Sclomina pallens P. Zhao and Cai sp. nov., and Sclomina parva P. Zhao and Cai sp. nov. In this paper, the genus Sclomina is systematically revised, and the morphological characteristics of the five species are compared, described, and photographed in detail. We elucidate the evolutionary history of Sclomina based on results of estimated divergence time. The body shape and coloration (green in nymph and brown in adult) of Sclomina match their environment and mimic the Rubus plants on which they live. The symbiotic relationship between Sclomina and spinous Rubus plants is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Two new meiofaunal species of Trilobodrilus (Dinophilidae, Annelida) from California, USA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kerbl ◽  
Emilie Hernes Vereide ◽  
Brett C. Gonzalez ◽  
Greg W. Rouse ◽  
Katrine Worsaae
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Body Length ◽  
San Diego ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ciliary Band ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

We describe two new species of the annelid genus Trilobodrilus Remane, 1925 (Dinophilidae Verill, 1892) from an intertidal and a subtidal location in San Diego, California. These two species show morphological and molecular divergences between each other and the previously described, geographically distant species. Intertidal T. windansea sp. nov. differs from subtidal T. ellenscrippsae sp. nov. most remarkably in the number and pattern of ciliary tufts and bands on the prostomium and along the body length, besides showing ca 15% difference in gene fragments of COI and CytB. Trilobodrilus windansea sp. nov., though nesting with T. ellenscrippsae sp. nov. in the molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphologically resembles the Japanese T. itoi Kajihara, Ikoma, Yamasaki & Hiruta, 2015 most closely, but still differs from this species in the higher number of apical ciliary tufts, an additional ciliary row posterior to the second ciliary band, and by lacking a forth ciliary band and segmentally arranged lateral ciliary tufts. Trilobodrilus ellenscrippsae sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to the Japanese T. nipponicus Uchida & Okuda, 1943, but is much shorter, has more apical ciliary tufts, and less regularly arranged lateral ciliary tufts along the body. All species differ significantly in all compared gene fragments, and no obvious correlation was found between habitat and the species morphology or relationships.

scholarly journals Reinertia, a New Subgenus of the Genus Aedes Meigen and Its Type Species Aedes (Reinertia) suffusus (Diptera: Culicidae), Newly Recorded From Bhutan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradya Somboon ◽  
Thanari Phanitchakun ◽  
Jassada Saingamsook ◽  
Rinzin Namgay ◽  
Ralph E Harbach
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Maxillary Palpus ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
Tree Hole

Abstract A new subgenus, Reinertia Somboon, Namgay & Harbach, of the genus Aedes Meigen and its type species, Ae. suffusus Edwards, are described from specimens reared from larvae and pupae found in a tree hole in Bhutan. The scutum of the adults is mostly covered with narrow pale falcate scales. The proboscis, maxillary palpus, tibiae, and tarsi are dark-scaled. The gonocoxite of the male genitalia bears a unique setose basomesal sclerite. The larva closely resembles larvae of the subgenus Downsiomyia Vargus in having setae 4–6-C with numerous branches and inserted more or less on level with seta 7-C, abdominal seta 12-I is present and the comb is composed of 6–10 spine-like scales arranged in an irregular row. Surprisingly, Reinertia shares features of the adult habitus, male genitalia, and larva with the Palearctic subgenus Dahliana Reinert, Harbach & Kitching. However, in phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene of species representing 38 subgenera of Aedes and six other genera of the tribe Aedini Neveu-Lemaire, Reinertia was not associated with Dahliana or Downsiomyia. In both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the data, Ae. suffusus was recovered as the weakly supported sister of a clade composed of five species of the subgenus Protomacleaya Theobald. In the absence of strong support, and because Protomacleaya is an unnatural group of species that resemble each other phenetically by virtue of what they lack, Ae. suffusus cannot be placed in the subgenus Protomacleaya. Thus, the morphological and molecular data attest the uniqueness of Ae. suffusus and its recognition as a monobasic subgeneric lineage.

Taxonomic status of Euphylliidae corals in Peninsular Malaysia based on morphological structures and phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial COI gene

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khodzori Fikri Akmal ◽  
Saad Shahbudin ◽  
Nordin Noor Faizul Hadry ◽  
Ku Sulong Ku Abdullah ‘Ulwan ◽  
Mat Zain Khairul Amira
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi Gene

Devibursaphelenchus kheirii sp. n. (Nematoda: Ektaphelenchinae) from Iran with remarks on Devibursaphelenchus Kakuliya, 1967

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1069-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzad Aliramaji ◽  
Ebrahim Pourjam ◽  
Mohammad Reza Atighi ◽  
Akbar Karegar ◽  
Majid Pedram
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Bayesian Inference ◽  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Devibursaphelenchus kheirii sp. n. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by females with 370-472 μm body length, lip region separated from the body by a shallow constriction, three lines in lateral field, stylet short, 13.5-15.0 μm long, lacking basal knobs or swellings, excretory pore posterior to metacorpus, vulval flap absent, post-uterine sac short, without sperm, rectum and anus obscure, posterior end of the body elongate-conoid with finely rounded terminus. Males of the new species are characterised by their tail ventrally curved after fixation, having two pairs of caudal papillae, spicules 9-11 μm long with an elongated condylus, with rounded tip, pointed rostrum, lacking cucullus and having small conical terminal bursa. The new species comes close to D. hunanensis, D. lini and D. wangi. Beside morphological comparisons, the molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 778 bp of partial sequences of 28S rDNA D2-D3 were performed using two Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods and revealed that D. kheirii sp. n. formed a clade with the remaining species of the genus and one species of Ektaphelenchoides. This is the first report on occurrence of the genus Devibursaphelenchus in Iran. Devibursaphelenchus eproctatus syn. n. is proposed as a junior synonym of D. hunanensis.

scholarly journals Two new species of Euplotes with cirrotype-9, Euplotes foissneri sp. nov. and Euplotes warreni sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea, Euplotida), from the coasts of Patagonia: implications from their distant, early and late branching in the Euplotes phylogenetic tree

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Valbonesi ◽  
Graziano Di Giuseppe ◽  
Adriana Vallesi ◽  
Pierangelo Luporini
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna

Two new Euplotes species have been isolated from cold shallow sandy sediments of the extreme Southern Chilean coasts: Euplotes foissneri sp. nov., from a low-salinity site at Puerto Natales on the Pacific coast, and Euplotes warreni sp. nov., from a marine site at Punta Arenas on the Atlantic coast. Euplotes foissneri has a medium body size (53×36 µm in vivo), a dorsal surface marked by six prominent ridges, a double dargyrome, six dorsal and two ventrolateral kineties, a buccal field extending to about 3/4 of the body length, an adoral zone composed of 28–32 membranelles, and nine fronto-ventral, five transverse and two or three caudal cirri. The bulky, hook-, horseshoe- or 3-shaped macronucleus is associated with one sub-spherical micronucleus. The central body region hosts taxonomically unidentified endosymbiotic eubacteria. Euplotes warreni has a small body size (39×27 µm in vivo), a smooth dorsal surface marked by three deep grooves, a double dargyrome, four dorsal and two ventrolateral kineties, a buccal field extending to about 2/3 of the body length, an adoral zone composed of 23–25 adoral membranelles, and nine fronto-ventral, five transverse and three caudal cirri. The macronucleus is hook- or C-shaped and associated with one spherical micronucleus. Endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Francisella reside preferentially in the anterior cell region. Both species lack the fronto-ventral cirrus numbered ‘V/2’, whereby their cirrotype-9 conforms to the so-called ‘pattern I’, which is the basic distinctive trait of the genus Euplotopsis Borror and Hill, 1995. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rRNA gene sequences, however, classify E. warreni into its own early branching clade and E. foissneri into a late branching clade. This indicates a polyphyletic nature and taxonomic inconsistency of the genus Euplotopsis, which was erected to include Euplotes species with cirrotype-9 pattern I.

scholarly journals Modelling the factors influencing ontogenetic dietary shifts in stream-dwelling brown trout (Salmo trutta)

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Sánchez-Hernández ◽  
Fernando Cobo
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Fish Length ◽  
Water Current Velocity ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Biotic and abiotic variables shape ontogenetic trajectories of animals. This study modelled (i) the body length related timing of the ontogenetic switch from aquatic to surface prey and (ii) the impacts of habitat characteristics, prey availability, and fish densities on the relative contribution of surface prey to the overall diet of native brown trout (Salmo trutta). We used individual-based models of dietary data for 170 fish (length range 48–343 mm). There was a high degree of individual variation in the use of surface prey, but logistic regression suggested that the shift from aquatic to surface prey was established at a body length of 81 mm (range 36–127 mm). Results of linear mixed-effects models highlighted the importance of fish length, benthic invertebrates, brown trout density, and water current velocity to the switch to surface prey by riverine brown trout, with fish length being the most influential variable. Our study provides evidence of the importance of ontogeny (intrinsic features of individuals linked to fish length) and individual differences in feeding behaviour to understand water-column use for feeding by stream-dwelling salmonids.

scholarly journals Genetic Characteristics and Pathogenicity of a Novel Porcine Deltacoronavirus Southeast Asia-Like Strain Found in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hejie Wang ◽  
Yibin Qin ◽  
Wu Zhao ◽  
Tingting Yuan ◽  
Chunjie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Severe Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Full Length Genome ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Farmers involved in the lucrative pork trading business between China and Southeast Asian countries should be aware of a recently discovered novel porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) in Guangxi province, China. A PDCoV strain, CHN/GX/1468B/2017, was isolated from the small intestinal contents of piglets with diarrhea from this region, with a titer of 1 × 108.0 TCID50/mL on LLC-PK cells. The full-length genome sequence consists of 25,399 nt as determined by next-generation sequencing and this was deposited in the GenBank (accession number MN025260.1). Genomic analysis showed that CHN/GX/1468B/2017 strain had 96.9~99.4% nucleotide homology with other 87 referenced PDCoV strains from different areas, and contained 6 and 9-nt deletions at positions 1,733~1,738 and 2,804~2,812, respectively, in the ORF1a gene. Phylogenetic analyses based on the whole gene sequence as well as S protein and ORF1a/1b protein sequences all showed that this strain was closely related to the Southeast Asia strain. When 7-day-old piglets were inoculated orally with the CHN/GX/1468B/2017 strain, they developed severe diarrhea, with a peak of fecal viral shedding at 4 days post-infection. Although no death or fever were observed, the CHN/GX/1468B/2017 strain produced a wide range of tissue tropism, with the main target being the intestine. Importantly, the VH:CD ratios of the jejunum and ileum in infected piglets were significantly lower than controls. These results indicate that CHN/GX/1468B/2017, isolated in China, is a novel PDCoV Southeast Asia-like strain with distinct genetic characteristics and pathogenicity. This finding enriches the international information on the genetic diversity of PDCoV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document