scholarly journals Genetic characterisation of wild ungulates: successful isolation and analysis of DNA from widely available bones can be cheap, fast and easy

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 965 ◽  
pp. 141-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Buzan ◽  
Sandra Potušek ◽  
Felicita Urzi ◽  
Boštjan Pokorny ◽  
Nikica Šprem
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Capra Ibex ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Genetic Characterisation ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Successful Isolation

Genetic characterisation of wild ungulates can be a useful tool in wildlife management and in obtaining a greater understanding of their biological and ecological roles in a wider spatiotemporal context. Different ways of optimising methodologies and reducing the costs of genetic analyses using widely available bone tissues collected within regular hunting allocations were examined. Successful isolation and analysis of DNA from widely available bones can be cheap, fast and easy. In particular, this study explored the possibility of using bones for extracting high quality nuclear DNA for microsatellite analysis. The utility of applying a modified demineralisation process using two commercially available DNA isolation kits, which differ significantly in price, was evaluated. The sample sets included bones and, for comparison, muscle tissues from four wild ungulate species: chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), wild boar (Sus scrofa), and Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). For the recent bones, these results confirmed that the DNA concentrations and microsatellite amplification were sufficiently high, even when using low-cost kits, after prior demineralisation. For old bones, prior demineralisation and use of a specially designed isolation kit led to a more successful extraction of DNA. Besides reducing kit-related costs, low-cost kits are much faster and therefore make genetic analysis more efficient.

scholarly journals Wild ungulates in Jordan: past, present, and forthcoming opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 19338-19351
Author(s):  
Ehab Eid ◽  
David Mallon
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Equus Hemionus ◽  
Wild Ass ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Arabian Oryx

Twelve species of ungulates are reported from the wild in Jordan. Three of these, Addax nasomaculatus (Addax), Bos primigenius (Aurochs), and Cervus elaphus (Red Deer) are known only from archaeological excavations. Dama mesopotamica (Mesopotamian Fallow Deer), Oryx leucoryx (Arabian Oryx) and Equus hemionus hemippus (Syrian Wild Ass) have been regionally extirpated in the wild. A semi-captive population of Persian Onager (E. h. hemionus) is held in Shumari Wildlife Reserve. The Arabian Oryx is also managed in semi-captive conditions in two reserves. Except the commonly occurring Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), other surviving ungulate species continue to be under serious threat. Gazella gazella (Palestinian Mountain Gazelle), Capreolus capreolus (European Roe Deer), Gazella marica (Arabian Sand Gazelle), and Gazella dorcas (Dorcas Gazelle) are Critically Endangered, and Capra nubiana (Nubian Ibex) is Endangered in the region. This paper provides a review of the historical and current status of wild ungulates in Jordan, listing the threats and conservation measures and provides recommendations for management and conservation in the future.

scholarly journals The effect of livestock on the physiological condition of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is modulated by habitat quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Horcajada-Sánchez ◽  
Gema Escribano-Ávila ◽  
Carlos Lara-Romero ◽  
Emilio Virgós ◽  
Isabel Barja
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Fecal Cortisol

Abstract Free-range livestock grazing is a widespread human activity that not only modifies natural vegetation but also leads to interactions with wild ungulates. Most commonly, the interactions between cattle and wild ungulates have been studied with a focus on competition for high-quality forage. However, other mechanisms, such as the risk of parasite infection, might better describe this interaction. We aim to determine whether livestock affect roe deer (Capreolus capreolus Linnaeus, 1758) by reducing habitat quality and increasing the probability of infection by shared parasites. We measured noninvasive fecal cortisol metabolites as an indicator of habitat quality as well as the lung nematode larvae burden from the Dictyocaulus genus. A higher Dictyocaulus larvae load was found in the presence of livestock in pines, and feces collected in winter had a higher parasite load than feces collected in autumn. Additionally, fecal cortisol metabolite levels in the roe deer were affected by the interaction between habitat quality and livestock presence and were higher in the poorest habitat and when living in sympatry with cattle. Our results suggest that physiological stress responses in roe deer were mediated by the habitat type and the presence of competitors. The long-term implications of altered physiological responses such as those demonstrated here should be considered in management strategies for deer.

scholarly journals Significance of lynx Lynx lynx predation for roe deer Capreolus capreolus and chamois Rupicapra rupicapra mortality in the Swiss Jura Mountains

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Molinari-Jobin ◽  
Paolo Molinari ◽  
Christine Breitenmoser-Würsten ◽  
Urs Breitenmoser
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Lynx Lynx ◽  
Jura Mountains ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Swiss Jura

scholarly journals Wildkundliche und jagdliche Veränderungen in den letzten 25 Jahren (1973 bis 1997), dargestellt anhand von Jagdstatistiken | Changes in Population and Harvesting of Game Species During 25 Years (1973-1997): an Interpretation of Hunting Statistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Urs Zehnder
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Hunting Statistics

Population trends, numbers of harvested adult females and harvest rates of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Switzerland and in the canton of St. Gallen were analysed using freely accessible data from federal and regional hunting statistics. We did the same analyses with data from chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Switzerland and in the cantons of Berne and St. Gallen. Data from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were analysed for Switzerland and the cantons of Solothurn and Vaud. The results show that the new Swiss hunting and forest laws have not had any effect on population size of red deer, chamois and roe deer yet. Regulative effects, however, could be shown locally for the red deer in the canton of St. Gallen and for the chamois in the cantons of Berne and St. Gallen. There is evidence that the present hunting statistics represent only an incomplete base for comprehensive harvest planning according to the law.

scholarly journals The Multiple Origins of Roe Deer Populations in Western Iberia and Their Relevance for Conservation

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2419
Author(s):  
Tânia Barros ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira ◽  
Rita Gomes Rocha ◽  
Gonçalo Brotas ◽  
Juan Carranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Multiple Origins ◽  
Relict Population ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Management And Conservation

The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is native and widespread in Europe and its phylogeography has been clarified in the last decades. Southern peninsulas are considered as reservoirs of genetic diversity and the source for the recolonization of Europe after the last glacial maximum. Even though roe deer populations have been genetically characterized, there is a major knowledge gap about the populations at the western edge of its distribution. To fill this caveat, and based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA data, we aim to: (i) characterize the genetic diversity and structure of roe deer in western Iberia; (ii) clarify the origins and phylogeographical affinities of these populations, namely the relict population from Peneda Gerês National Park (PNPG, Portugal) and the likely allochthonous populations from central and south (CS) Portugal; (iii) discuss the implications of our findings for the management and conservation of the roe deer. Three major genetic clusters were inferred based on nuclear genotypes and were structured in a similar way as the three major mtDNA clades present in Iberia. Patterns inferred with nuclear markers confirmed PNPG as a relict population. Roe deer from CS Portugal share haplotypes with Central Europe rather than with other western Iberian populations, confirming its mainly allochthonous origin. Our results highlight western Iberia as a diversity hotspot for roe deer. We highlight the role of intraspecific genetic diversity as a source of resilience against ongoing global changes; the need for transboundary management and the importance of genetic data to inform management and conservation. When considered, repopulation or translocation measures should follow the IUCN Law of Reintroductions and meticulously conducted in order to preserve the genetic heritage of the species.

scholarly journals Detection of Zoonotic Cryptosporidium ubiquitum in Alpine Wild Ruminants

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Tiziana Trogu ◽  
Nicoletta Formenti ◽  
Marianna Marangi ◽  
Roberto Viganò ◽  
Radames Bionda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Alpine Chamois

Cryptosporidium is a widespread apicomplexan protozoan of major zoonotic importance, characterized by a wide host range, and with relevant economic implications and potential negative effects on livestock and wildlife population dynamics. Considering the recent strong demographic increase of alpine ungulates, in this study, carried out in the Italian Northwestern Alps, we investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. in these species and their potential involvement in environmental contamination with Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The immune-enzymatic approach revealed a Cryptosporidium prevalence of 1.7% (5/293), 0.5% (1/196) and 3.4% (4/119) in alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), respectively. Positive samples were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification for the COWP and gp60 genes. The presence of Cryptosporidium was confirmed in one chamois and four roe deer. Sequences obtained clustered within Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, currently recognized as an emerging zoonotic species. This finding represents the first detection of zoonotic C. ubiquitum in chamois and in the Alpine environment. Despite the low observed prevalences, environmental contamination by oocysts could play a role as a potential source of infections for humans and livestock.

scholarly journals Parasitized or non-parasitized, why? A study of factors influencing tick burden in roe deer neonates.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Léa Bariod ◽  
Sonia Saïd ◽  
Clément Calenge ◽  
Vincent Badeau ◽  
Stéphane Chabot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tick Infestation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tick Burden

Ixodes ricinus , the most common species of tick in Europe, is known to transmit major pathogens to animals and humans such as Babesia spp. or Borrelia spp.. Its abundance and distribution have been steadily increasing in Europe during recent decades, due to global environmental changes. Indeed, as ticks spend most of their life in the environment, their activity and life cycle are highly dependent on environmental conditions, and therefore on climate or habitat changes. Simultaneously, wild ungulates have expanded their range and increased dramatically in abundance worldwide, in particular roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ), have allowed tick populations to grow and spread. Currently, tick infestation on newborn wild ungulates is poorly documented. However, newborn ungulates are considered more sensitive to tick bites and pathogen transmission because of their immature immune system. Thus, improving knowledge about the factors influencing tick infestation on newborns is essential to better understand their health risks. This study was conducted at Trois-Fontaines forest, Champagne-Ardenne, France (1992-2018). Based on a long-term monitoring of roe deer fawns, we used a novel Bayesian model of the infestation of fawns to identify which biotic or abiotic factors are likely to modify the level of infestation by ticks of 965 fawns over time. We show that tick burden increased faster during the first days of life of the fawns and became constant when fawns were 5 days old and more, which could be explained by the depletion of questing ticks or the turnover of ticks feeding on fawns. Moreover, the humidity, which favors tick activity, was weakly positively related to the tick burden. Our results demonstrate that tick infestation was highly variable among years, particularly between 2000 and 2009. We hypothesize that this results from a modification of habitat caused by hurricane Lothar.

scholarly journals TREMATODE FAUNA OF WILD UNGULATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 414-418
Author(s):  
Postevoy ◽  
Andreyanov
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Postmortem Examination ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Russian Forest

In the Russian forest zone, from 15 to 30 species of helminths were recorded in the European elk and roe deer in the areas of the habitat of wild artiodactyls, according to researchers. The purpose of our work was to study the trematode fauna of helminths in elks and roe deer caught in hunting farms of the Central region of Russia. The study objects were wild artiodactyl animals, the European elk (Alces alces), the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and the wild boar (Sus scrofa). Biological material for research (gastrointestinal tract, liver of animals, etc.) was collected during the licensed hunting period on these artiodactyls in hunting farms in the period of 2020 and the beginning of 2021. 39 animals of artiodactyls were examined (by the method of incomplete helminthological dissection), of which were 9 elks aged from 3 to 7 years, and 26 roe deer aged from 2 to 5 years, and 4 wild boars of 2–3 years old. Among wild animals, according to the results of postmortem examination, the Fasciola invasion was found in two roe deer. The prevalence of the invasion was 7.6%. When examining the liver of elks and wild boars, the causative agent of fascioliasis was not found.

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