scholarly journals The effect of year, month, region, and herd size on bulk tank somatic cell and standard plate count, and the determination of optimum herd size in the intensive Holstein Friesian dairy farms in the Turkish Republic of Cyprus

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1242
Author(s):  
Hatice Dilek ARSOY
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Republic Of Cyprus

EVALUATION OF THE RESAZURIN REDUCTION ONE-HOUR TEST FOR GRADING MILK INTENDED FOR MANUFACTURING PURPOSES1,2

1969 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Dabbah ◽  
W. A. Moats ◽  
S. R. Tatini ◽  
J. C. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Geographical Locations

Randomly selected dairy farms in three widely separated geographical locations, producing milk intended for manufacturing purposes, were sampled once each season of the year. Samples were analyzed by Standard Plate Count (SPC-32 C.), resazurin reduction test (RRT-5 P 7/4) and resazurin reduction 1 hr test (RRT-1 hr). Correlation between SPC and RRT-1 hr was 0.742 and between SPC and RRT-5 P 7/4, −0.777. Application of ADMI/EMA standards or calculated RRT-1 hr standards resulted in a quality distribution that differed from the distribution given by SPC or RRT. With the proposed RRT-1 hr test, a combination of the ADMI/EMA and the calculated standard levels, evaluation of the quality of can and of farm bulk tank supplies in various geographical locations was similar to the evaluation given by either SPC or RRT. The RRT-1 hr test was judged to be as useful as RRT-5 P 7/4, DMCC, SPC, or MBRT in assessing the bacteriological quality of various types of milk supplies, and has the advantage of being faster. For reliable results, standard illumination must be used.

THE QUALITY OF RAW MILK FROM SELECTED OHIO MARKETS.

1966 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Ohri ◽  
W. L. Slatter
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
High Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bacteriological Method ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank

Summary An 8-month survey of the bacteriological quality of bulk tank produced fluid milk supplies for four major markets in Ohio, was made utilizing the Standard Plate Count (SPC), the preliminary incubation count (PI), the thermoduric (pasteurized milk) count, and the coliform count. In terms of maximum standards of 200,000 and 100,000 organisms/ml, the SPC would have eliminated 13% and 20% of the milk samples, respectively. A SPC of 50,000/ml, a PI count of 200,000/ml, a thermoduric count of 500/ml, and a coliform count of 100/ml would have eliminated 37%, 34%, 40%, and 40%, respectively, of the samples but not all of the samples eliminated by one test were eliminated by another test. All of the tests employed showed a seasonal trend especially in the high count categories but the trend was less noticeable in the results of the preliminary incubation count. A combination of two of the methods was superior to any single bacteriological method employed in detecting unsatisfactory milk. Of the tests used, the combination of the thermoduric count (500/ml) and the coliform count (100/ml) was the most effective in the detection of unsatisfactory milk samples.

COMPARISON OF PLATE LOOP AND AGAR PLATE METHODS FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF MANUFACTURING GRADE RAW MILK1,2

1967 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sita Ramayya Tatini ◽  
Roger Dabbah ◽  
J. C. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Agar Plate ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Substantial Improvement ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank

Summary Plate loop counts and standard plate counts on each of several manufacturing grade raw milk samples (handled in cans or in farm bulk tanks) have been compared. On the average, the plate loop count (PLC) was lower than the standard plate count (SPC) regardless of the type of handling of milk on the farm, can or bulk tank. Agreement between the SPC and PLC seemed to depend upon the bacterial-count levels present in milk. Statistical analyses indicated significant differences, at 1% level of probability, between the average bacterial count by SPC and PLC methods regardless of count level (≤100,000/ml or >100,000/ml) in case of can milk samples. On the other hand, in case of farm bulk tank milk samples, no significant differences, at the 1% level of probability, between the average bacterial count by SPC and PLC methods were obtained, when the counts were equal to or less than 100,000 per ml; when the counts exceeded 100,000 per ml, significant differences were present. Since the bacterial counts of manufacturing grade raw milk samples are likely to exceed 100,000/ml, the data presented in this investigation indicate that, until the bacteriological quality of manufacturing grade milk supplies undergoes substantial improvement, the PLC method does not appear to be a suitable substitute for the SPC method for routine bacteriological examination of such milk supplies.

MICROBIAL COUNTS OF INDIVIDUAL PRODUCER AND COMMINGLED GRADE A RAW MILK1

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Randolph ◽  
B. K. Chakraborty ◽  
Otto Hampton ◽  
D. L. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Highly Correlated

Microbial populations of Grade A raw milk samples from 105 individual producers and 74 bulk tank trucks (commingled) were enumerated by Standard Plate Count (SPC), psychrotrophic count (PBC), coliform count (CC), laboratory pasteurized count (LPC), thermophilic count (TBC), yeast and mold count (Y&M), and special penicillin (PEN) and crystal violet tetrazolium (CVT) agar count procedures. In addition, microbial populations were determined by the SPC, PBC, PEN, and CVT procedures after preliminary incubation (PI) of samples. Initial mean counts obtained on individual producer samples were generally lower than those for commingled samples. However, producer samples had higher mean counts after PI. Growth ratios were lower for commingled than for individual producer samples indicating slower growth during PI. Results obtained by the PBC, PEN, and CVT procedures were similar when viewed as correlation coefficients, distribution of samples according to microbial counts, mean counts, and growth ratios during PI. Before PI, the correlation between these three tests was poor and lacked statistical significance when the PBC was <50,000/ml. After PI, the tests were highly correlated (P<0.01) and the r values ranged from 0.8 to 0.9 for samples with PBC levels above 108/ml.

THE MICROFLORA OF RAW BULK TANK MILK

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jackson ◽  
L. F. L. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Colony Count ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Plate Count Agar ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Lactose Fermentation ◽  
Standard Plate ◽  
Bulk Tank

Milk samples from 141 farms were plated on standard plate count agar and the colony count determined after incubation for 48 hours at 32 °C. Twenty colonies were picked at random from plates containing between 30 and 300 colonies. The isolates were inoculated into litmus milk and subsequently characterized on the basis of shape, Gram-staining reaction, catalase production, lactose fermentation, and the ability to form spores.Certain general trends in the flora were observed. In milk of a colony count less than 2 × 104 per ml, micrococci were the dominant group of organisms, and as the colony count of the milk increased the percentage of micrococci decreased and the percentage of Gram-negative rods and streptococci usually increased. In spite of these general trends a study of the flora of individual samples showed that quite marked variations did occur.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND TIME OF PLATE INCUBATION ON THE ENUMERATION OF PASTEURIZATION-RESISTANT BACTERIA IN MILK1

1963 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Thomas ◽  
G. W. Reinbold ◽  
F. E. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Standard Plate Count ◽  
Standard Plate

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of temperature and time of plate incubation upon the count of thermoduric bacteria in milk. Specific types of thermoduric bacteria in pure culture, as well as those present in the mixed flora of commercial milk samples, were enumerated. Plate incubation at 28 C for 4 days was the temperature-time combination that produced the highest thermoduric bacterial count with laboratory-pasteurized milk. Incubation at 21, 32 or 35 C gave lower counts. Thermoduric bacteria subjected to pasteurization were more exacting in their growth temperature requirements than were unheated bacteria. Cultures of Arthrobacter sp., Micrococcus varians and Streptococcus sp. grew over a much wider temperature range before laboratory pasteurization than after the heat treatment. The incubation temperature and time currently recommended for the standard plate count, while presumably adequate for the enumeration of bacteria in raw milk, may not be equally satisfactory for the determination of the maximum viable bacterial population of pasteurized milk.

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