Radiographic assessment of the equine carpal joint under incremental loads and during flexion

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A.O. Olusa ◽  
C.M. Murray ◽  
H.M.S. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Ligament Rupture ◽  
The Press ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
Commercial Press ◽  
Radiographic Changes ◽  
Osteochondral Fractures

Non-physiologic loading of the carpal bones is believed to result in osteochondral fractures, ligament rupture and axial instability in the equine forelimb; however, the mechanism of carpal damage due to non-physiologic loading of the carpus is largely unknown. To investigate carpal stability (alignment and direction of carpal bones’ movement) under load and during flexion, some previously described carpal parameters were measured on radiographs obtained from 24 equine cadaver limbs (aged 10.71±4.15 years). The limbs were transected at the antebrachial midshaft, axially loaded in a commercial press and serially radiographed under a range of incremental loads (extension) and 2 flexion positions. The extensions were measured by a 10° decrease in the dorsal fetlock angle (DFA) from 160° to 110° (DFA160 to DFA110) using the jacking system of the press; and flexions at palmar carpal angle of 45° and 90° (PCA45 and PCA90). As loading increased from DFA160 to DFA110 there was a progressive significant increase in Third Carpal bone Palmar Facet Angle (C3PalFCA: 86.46±2.54° to 88.60±2.51°) but a decrease in Dorsal Carpal Angle (DCA: 173.03±3.47° to 159.65±4.09°); Medial Carpal Angle (MCA: 186.31±1.90° to 184.61±2.26°); and Groove width of the Cr-Ci intercarpal ligament (GW.Cr-Ci ICL: 9.35±1.20° to 8.83±1.13°) while no significant differences were observed for Distal Radial Slope Carpal Angle (DRSCA) and Intermediate carpal bone Proximal Tuberosity-Radial Angle (CiPxTRA). A generalised medio-distal directional displacement in the carpal bones’ movement were observed. In conclusion, increased load on the forelimb (carpus) produced carpal hyperextension with measurable radiographic changes in the position and alignment of the carpal bones. The non-stretching (strain) or shortening of the Cr-Ci ICL during loading, indicated by the decrease in GW.Cr-Ci ICL, suggests a relaxed intercarpal ligament within a confined space which appears to absorb compressional load transferred from carpal bones and redistribution of concussion forces within the carpal joint during loading thereby providing a useful mechanism to minimise carpal damage.

Partial Carpal Arthrodesis in the Horse

1990 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Taylor ◽  
R. D. Welch ◽  
J. B. Stricklin ◽  
J. A. Auer ◽  
J. P. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Internal Fixation ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Joint Capsule ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Collateral Ligaments ◽  
Carpal Joint ◽  
Comminuted Fractures

SummaryOver a period of 6 years, four horses and two foals were treated with partial carpal arthrodesis. The problems treated included one luxation each of the carpometacarpal, and the antebrachiocarpal joint, as well as one subluxation of the carpometacarpal and the middle carpal joints. The luxations developed secondary to rupture of the joint capsule as well as one or two collateral ligaments. In three cases, comminuted fractures of the distal row of carpal bones, complicated in one of these cases by a fracture of the intermediate carpal bone, were treated. Arthrodesis by internal fixation using T-plates or dynamic compression plates of various sizes was successful in salvaging some of the animals. The various cases are discussed in detail as to technique and reason of its application. One horse was euthanatized, two are presently used for pleasure riding and three horses are used for breeding purposes. The horses treated by means of arthrodesis were compared to one case of luxation of the middle carpal joint, which was treated unsuccessfully by external coaptation alone.The results of partial carpal arthrodesis in four horses and two foals are described, as are the techniques employed and the results.

TREATMENT OF INTRAOSSEOUS GANGLIA AND BONE CYSTS OF THE CARPAL BONES WITH INJECTABLE CALCIUM PHOSPHATE BONE CEMENT

Hand Surgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yajima ◽  
Keiichi Murata ◽  
Kenji Kawamura ◽  
Kenji Kawate ◽  
Yoshinori Takakura
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Cystic Lesion ◽  
Bone Cyst ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Bone Cysts ◽  
Simple Bone Cyst ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement ◽  
No Absorption

This article documents the outcome of treatment of intraosseous ganglia and simple bone cysts of the carpal bones by curettage and injectable calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) grafting. The patients consisted of five men and three women. One had a cystic lesion in the scaphoid, one in the hamate, and five in the lunate. Curettage of the lesions was performed, and CPC was injected into the cavity. Five patients were diagnosed with a ganglion and three with a simple bone cyst. Among the five patients with wrist pain, the pain disappeared completely in four. Radiographs showed apparent partial absorption of CPC in four patients and no absorption in other four. There were no recurrence of tumours and no other complications were encountered. We conclude that calcium phosphate bone cement is a useful material for repairing bone defect after curettage of an intraosseous ganglion or bone cyst of a carpal bone.

Bone and joint injuries—wrist and forearm

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Warwick ◽  
Roderick Dunn ◽  
Erman Melikyan ◽  
Jane Vadher
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forearm Fractures ◽  
Joint Injuries ◽  
Ligament Rupture

Bone and joint injuries—wrist and forearm 100Forearm fractures 102Ulnar corner injuries 106Fractures of the distal radius in adults 108Fractures of the distal radius in children 118Fractures of the scaphoid 120Fractures of the other carpal bones 127Carpal ligament rupture and dislocations ...

Mid-Term Results with the Porous-Coated Anatomic Hip Prosthesis with 28mm Head. An Eight to Twelve Year Follow-up of 39 Hips

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.O. Laursen ◽  
N. B. Mossing ◽  
G. Myrthue
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Hip Prosthesis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mid Term Results ◽  
Radiographic Changes ◽  
Polyethylene Thickness

In the 1980s, uncemented prostheses were considered advantageous in younger patients. One of the prostheses used in Denmark was the Porous Coated Anatomic (PCA) prosthesis. Follow-up results from Aarhus University Hospital (AaUH) showed progressive osteolysis along the stem at five to seven years, and use of the prosthesis was no longer recommended. We used the PCA prosthesis with a modular 28mm head, and so far our results with patients operated on between 1989 and 1993 do not confirm the negative results published. Thirty-nine consecutive cases were followed prospectively with clinical and radiographic assessment. At the 8–12 year follow-up four patients had undergone revision. Three revisions were for aseptic loosening of the cup at 5, 10 and 12 years, and one was because of thigh pain without radiological signs of loosening at revision. The cumulative survival rate was 95% at five years, 92% at ten years and 85% at twelve years. If we include radiologically loose components, five cups were re-operated or radiographically loose (12.8%) and 4 stems were re-operated or radiographically loose (10.2%). Thus the survival rate at 12 years was 85% and 90% for cup and stem respectively. So far we have not experienced progressive radiographic changes. The difference in results may stem from the fact that we used 28mm heads (versus 32mm heads in the Aarhus series), which allows a more adequate polyethylene thickness and thereby lesser creep of the polyethylene and less polyethylene debris production.

Radiographic and clinical features of carpal varus associated with chronic sprain of the lateral collateral ligament complex in 10 dogs

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 324-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Hamilton ◽  
J. N. J. Pratt ◽  
S. J. Langley-Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Collateral Ligament ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Carpometacarpal Joint ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Radiographic Changes ◽  
Bone Proliferation

SummaryLameness associated with carpal varus deformity was recognised in 10 dogs, eight of which were Dobermann Pinschers. The dogs had a mean age of seven years and nine months. Carpal varus was usually bilateral with concurrent carpal hyperflexion and pronation. Carpal varus was present prior to the onset of lameness in four cases. With stress radiography the median angle of varus deviation in all carpi was 14.6°, and an increase in the size of the ulnar /ulnar carpal bone joint space was seen in six of the seven dogs. Radiographic changes included: enthesophyte formation at the proximolateral aspect of metacarpal V, periarticular soft tissue swelling, especially lateral, bone proliferation at the carpometacarpal joint I and enthesophyte formation at metacarpophalangeal joint V. Four dogs were admitted for problems other than carpal varus and lameness was not treated. Five dogs were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but lameness was not completely resolved and became exacerbated with exercise. One dog was successfully treated by pancarpal arthrodesis.

Carpal derangement and associated carpal valgus in a dog

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Doran ◽  
M. R. Owen ◽  
E. J. Comerford
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Limb Alignment ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
The Right ◽  
Growth Deformity

SummaryThis case report describes derangement of the numbered carpal bones resulting in a valgal growth deformity in the right carpus of a seven-month-old dog. Radiographic assessment of the right carpus revealed abnormalities in the size and shape of the numbered carpal bones and carpal valgus. Surgical correction of the growth deformity was planned by partial carpal arthrodesis; however medial collateral laxity associated with the carpal valgus necessitated a pancarpal arthrodesis to achieve correct limb alignment.

Physical Examination of the Carpal Bones by Orthopaedic and Accident and Emergency Surgeons

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. JAYASEKERA ◽  
N. AKHTAR ◽  
J. P. COMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Carpal Bones ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
Median Score ◽  
Bone Surface ◽  
Surface Anatomy ◽  
Accident And Emergency ◽  
Anatomical Teaching

Our aim was to test knowledge of carpal bone surface anatomy among orthopaedic and accident and emergency surgeons. A survey of 58 surgeons was conducted. Each was asked to palpate seven points on five commonly injured carpal bones. Eight surgeons declined to participate. Five of the remaining 50 correctly palpated all surface markings. Six failed to accurately palpate even a single point. The scaphoid waist and trapezial ridge were accurately palpated by 47 surgeons. The median score for all participants was 3 correctly identified points. The majority of orthopaedic and accident and emergency surgeons do not perform an accurate physical examination of the carpal bones. The ancient art of history taking, precise physical examination and elucidation of a confident diagnosis is at risk of being replaced with tentative diagnoses and imaging techniques that are expensive and time consuming. We believe that basic anatomical teaching is inadequate.

scholarly journals Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Furniss ◽  
A. Carstens ◽  
S. S. Van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Metacarpophalangeal Joint ◽  
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
Carpal Bone ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Vascular Channels ◽  
Left Front ◽  
Radiographic Changes

This study involves the evaluation of pre-purchase radiographic studies of South African Thoroughbred yearlings. Radiographic changes were recorded and compared with similar international studies. The study differs from other studies in that a lower prevalence of pedal osteitis (1.26 %), dorsal osteochondral fragmentation of the metatarsophalangeal joint (1.60 %), distal metacarpal sagittal ridge changes (15.7 %), ulnar carpal bone lucencies (8.33 %), carpal osteophytes (1.19 %), distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint radiographic changes (9.92 %), tarsal osteochondrosis lesions (4.40 %) and stifle osteochondrosis lesions (0.4 %) was found. The prevalence of dorsal osteochondral fragments in the metacarpophalangeal joint was similar to other studies (1.60 %). A higher prevalence of vascular channels as well as irregular borders and lucencies was evident in the proximal sesamoid bones. There was a higher prevalence of palmar metacarpophalangeal and plantar metatarsophalangeal osteochondral fragments (2 % and 7.10 % respectively). Palmar metacarpal disease, metacarpal supracondylar lysis, proximal sesamoid bone fractures and carpal osteochondral fragmentation were absent in the current study. Additional findings recorded in the current study were proximal interphalangeal joint hyperextension (left front 15.13 %, right front 18.91 %), the solar angle (right front 2.38°, left front 2.79°), the prevalence of carpal bone 1 (30.95 %) and carpal bone 5 (1.59 %). Management, nutrition and genetics in the various groups of Thoroughbred yearlings should be further investigated in order to explain the reasons for the differences recorded in the current study.

scholarly journals Radiographic assessment of the quality of dental restorations and their relationship with periodontal radiographic changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
João Henrique Parise Fortes ◽  
Felipe Guarda Dallavilla ◽  
Camila Tirapelli ◽  
Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe ◽  
Ana Caroline Ramos Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restorative Material ◽  
Radiographic Assessment ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Dental Restorations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radiographic Changes

INTRODUCION: The quality of dental restorations can be directly related to the maintenance of periodontal health. Particularly in relation to the contour of interproximal restorations, radiographs allow the assessment of possible excess or lack of proximal contact of restorative materials.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of adequate and inadequate restorations, the type of restorative material and the relationship of these parameters with periodontal alterations.METHODS: One hundred digital panoramic radiographs were evaluated, with interproximal restorations being observed on these examinations, classifying them according to the material used and the quality of interproximal restoration and the presence of periodontal alterations. Thepossible correlation between these parameters was evaluated.RESULTS: The frequency of adequate restorations was 48% of restored proximal surfaces. Among the inadequate restorations, 46.2% and 53.8% were over-contour and lack of proximal contact, respectively. The restorations were metallic in 64% of cases.CONCLUSIONS: Over-contour were more common among metal restorations and lack of proximal contact was more frequent among non-metal restorations. The presence of restorations was associated with increased prevalence of periodontal alterations.

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