Problem języka ukraińskiego na Ukrainie na tle aneksji Krymu i wojny w Donbasie

The problem of the Ukrainian language in light of the annexation of Crimea and the war in DonbasThe problem of Ukrainian language in public discourse has been present since 1991, when Ukraine regained its independence. The problem is difficult, largely due to the historical past, mainly Soviet. For 26 years of independence Ukraine has not developed a unified and correct approach to solve this problem. In this article was an attempt to analyze how the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas influenced the language problem in Ukraine. The analysis covers four main aspects: everyday life (interpersonal communication), commercial (press market, books and electronic media, advertising), formal and official (functioning of the state, judiciary and education system) and symbolic (identity). Problem języka ukraińskiego na Ukrainie na tle aneksji Krymu i wojny w DonbasieProblem języka ukraińskiego w dyskursie publicznym obecny jest od czasu odzyskania niepodległości przez Ukrainę. Problem jest trudny i złożony, co w znacznym stopniu jest spowodowane przeszłością historyczną, głównie radziecką. Przez 26 lat niepodległości Ukraina nie wypracowała jednolitego i właściwego podejścia do rozwiązania tego problemu. Kwestia językowa jest poważnym wyzwaniem dla państwa ukraińskiego i jednym z ważniejszych problemów ukraińskiej polityki wewnętrznej. Ma ona cztery podstawowe aspekty: codzienny (komunikacja międzyludzka), komercyjny (rynek prasy, książek i mediów elektronicznych, a także reklam), formalno-urzędowy (funkcjonowanie państwa, zwłaszcza sądownictwa i systemu edukacji) oraz symboliczny/tożsamościowy. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy, w jaki sposób aneksja Krymu i wojna w Donbasie wpłynęły na kwestię językową na Ukrainie.

Radiographic assessment of the equine carpal joint under incremental loads and during flexion

Non-physiologic loading of the carpal bones is believed to result in osteochondral fractures, ligament rupture and axial instability in the equine forelimb; however, the mechanism of carpal damage due to non-physiologic loading of the carpus is largely unknown. To investigate carpal stability (alignment and direction of carpal bones’ movement) under load and during flexion, some previously described carpal parameters were measured on radiographs obtained from 24 equine cadaver limbs (aged 10.71±4.15 years). The limbs were transected at the antebrachial midshaft, axially loaded in a commercial press and serially radiographed under a range of incremental loads (extension) and 2 flexion positions. The extensions were measured by a 10° decrease in the dorsal fetlock angle (DFA) from 160° to 110° (DFA160 to DFA110) using the jacking system of the press; and flexions at palmar carpal angle of 45° and 90° (PCA45 and PCA90). As loading increased from DFA160 to DFA110 there was a progressive significant increase in Third Carpal bone Palmar Facet Angle (C3PalFCA: 86.46±2.54° to 88.60±2.51°) but a decrease in Dorsal Carpal Angle (DCA: 173.03±3.47° to 159.65±4.09°); Medial Carpal Angle (MCA: 186.31±1.90° to 184.61±2.26°); and Groove width of the Cr-Ci intercarpal ligament (GW.Cr-Ci ICL: 9.35±1.20° to 8.83±1.13°) while no significant differences were observed for Distal Radial Slope Carpal Angle (DRSCA) and Intermediate carpal bone Proximal Tuberosity-Radial Angle (CiPxTRA). A generalised medio-distal directional displacement in the carpal bones’ movement were observed. In conclusion, increased load on the forelimb (carpus) produced carpal hyperextension with measurable radiographic changes in the position and alignment of the carpal bones. The non-stretching (strain) or shortening of the Cr-Ci ICL during loading, indicated by the decrease in GW.Cr-Ci ICL, suggests a relaxed intercarpal ligament within a confined space which appears to absorb compressional load transferred from carpal bones and redistribution of concussion forces within the carpal joint during loading thereby providing a useful mechanism to minimise carpal damage.

DEPARTEMEN KOMUNIKASI PT. PUPUK KUJANG CIKAMPEK SEBAGAI FASILITATOR KOMUNIKASI MELALUI HOUSE JOURNAL (MAJALAH INTERNAL KAREUMBI) PERUSAHAANNYA

Perkembangan House Journal di Indonesia seiring dengan semakin pesatnya kemajuan dibidang ekonomi dan industri, termasuk kondisi pendidikan masyarakat Indonesia yang semakin tinggi, maka House Journal dianggap sebagai media alternatif dalam melakukan komunikasi antara perusahaan dengan publiknya, baik publik internal maupun eksternal. House Journal juga diperlukan untuk pencapaian citra positif dan perolehan dukungan opini publik pada perusahaan. Bentuk House Journal dan isinya tidak berbeda dengan pers komersial, yang membedakannya hanya pada segmentasi publik pembacanya yaitu lebih khusus, sesuai target publik perusahaan yang akan dicapai. House Journal adalah salah satu dari cara komunikasi organisasi melalui media cetak yang terbit secara berkala yang isinya meliputi berbagai liputan jurnalistik, pandangan tentang topik aktual yang patut diketahui pembaca dan majalah adalah salah satu media internal perusahaan. Disamping tampilannya yang menarik, House Jurnal dalam penelitian ini majalah Kareumbi yang memuat banyak gambar, foto-foto, serta berita-berita yang berhubungan dengan perusahaan. Sehingga tidak sedikit perusahaan yang memilih majalah sebagai media internalnya, termasuk PT. Pupuk Kujang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan Kualitatif dengan metode studi deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi nonpartisipan, dokumentasi, studi pustaka dan internet searching. Informan penelitian dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan, Uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan peningkatan ketekunan, dan diskusi teman sejawat. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa Departemen Komunikasi PT. Pupuk Kujang sebagai fasilitator komunikasi antara manajemen dan karyawannya menerbitkan Majalah Kareumbi sebagai house jurnal perusahaan yaitu untuk mensosialisasikan berbagai Informasi perusahaan kepada karyawan, mewadahi keinginan dari aspirasi karyawan, menginformasikan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan. Saran penelitian yang dapat diberikan kepada Departemen Komunikasi PT. Pupuk Kujang adalah mempertimbangkan, melengkapi majalah Kareumbi sebagai house jurnal dengan pengadaan E-Magazine. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------The development of the House Journal in Indonesia along with the rapid progress in the economic and industrial sectors, including the increasingly high condition of Indonesian society education, the House Journal is considered as an alternative media in communicating between the company and its public, both internal and external. The House Journal is also needed for the achievement of a positive image and the acquisition of support for public opinion in the company. The form of the House Journal and its contents are no different from the commercial press, which distinguishes it only in the public segmentation of the reader, which is more specific, according to the company's public target to be achieved. The House Journal is one of the ways in which organizational communication through print media is published periodically which includes various journalistic coverage, views on the actual topic that should be known to readers and magazines are one of the company's internal media. Besides its attractive appearance, the House Journal in this research is Kareumbi magazine which contains many pictures, photographs and news related to the company. So that not a few companies choose magazines as their internal media, including PT. Fertilizer Kujang. The study was conducted with a qualitative approach with descriptive study methods. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews, nonparticipant observation, documentation, library studies and internet searching. The research informants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. Data analysis techniques used include data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion, testing the validity of the data is done by increasing perseverance, and discussion of colleagues. The results of the study show that the Communication Department of PT. Pupuk Kujang as a communication facilitator between management and employees publishes Kareumbi Magazine as a company journal house, which is to socialize various company information to employees, accommodate the desires of employee aspirations, inform policies issued by the company. Suggestions for research that can be given to the Communication Department of PT. Pupuk Kujang is considering, equipping Kareumbi magazine as a house journal with E-Magazine procurement.

Measuring differences in the Chinese press: A study of People’s Daily and Southern Metropolitan Daily

The development of the market has produced a differentiation inside the Chinese press between an ‘official’ press with traditional propaganda functions on behalf of the Communist Party and a ‘commercial’ press whose objective is to maximise revenue. Scholarly opinion has differed over whether marketization undermines Party control and whether new forms of journalism have arisen that lead to conflicts. These discussions have rested on little evidence as to the practises of Chinese journalism. This article presents empirical data on the extent of the differentiation, reporting on a content analysis of the national news in People’s Daily and Southern Metropolitan Daily. These titles are popularly believed to represent the polar opposites of official, orthodox journalism and commercial, liberal journalism. The evidence presented here demonstrates that while there are indeed significant differences in the journalism of the two titles, there remains a substantial overlap in their choice of subjects, their use of sources and the degree to which news is presented ‘objectively’. Southern Metropolitan Daily does display some ‘popular’ features and does contain more ‘watchdog’ journalism, but it shares with its official cousin an emphasis upon the party as the source for news.

General Introduction: Re-mediating Women and the Interwar Period

In spite of all the parade that the commercial Press makes of its women’s pages and its women’s supplements, the real substance of what we need is still deplorably absent. They give us fashions in abundance and superabundance, they record society doings which are of little or no interest, they repeat recipes until we are surfeited … and fancy that by doing so they produce the mental food that women need … But they fail to convince us, all the same, that such monotonous and substanceless rubbish is what the female public really ...