Determination of the Optimum Reaction Conditions for the PCR in Kenyan Musa Germplasm

AbstractFour simple, accurate, sensitive and economical procedures (A–D) for the estimation of gentamicin sulphate and vancomycin hydrochloride, both in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations have been developed. The methods are based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by a known excess of potassium permanganate in sulphuric acid medium and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by reacting it with amaranth dye (method A), acid orange II (method B), indigocarmine (method C) and methylene blue (method D), in the same acid medium at a suitable λmax=521, 485, 610 and 664 nm, respectively. The reacted oxidant corresponds to the drug content. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlations in the concentration ranges 4–8, 3–8, 4–9 and 5–9 µg ml−1 with gentamicin and 4–8, 1.5–4, 1.5–4 and 3.5–5.5 µg ml−1 with vancomycin for methods A, B, C, and D, respectively. The molar absorptivity, sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The stoichiometric ratios for the cited drugs were studied. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The influence of the substance commonly employed as excipients with these drugs were studied. The proposed methods were applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The results have demonstrated that the methods are equally accurate and reproducible as the official methods.

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Determination of Nickel in End-Fitting of Spoolable Reinforced Plastic Line Pipe

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814201002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Xiaodong Shao

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Persulfate ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Line Pipe ◽

Acid Gas ◽

Determination Of Nickel ◽

Reinforced Plastic ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Fitting In

Spoolable reinforced plastic line pipe will be widely used in the exploitation of acid gas and oil wells. End-fitting is a mechanical device that forms the transition from the spoolable reinforced plastic line pipe to the connector. It was well known that nickel was an important element in the end-fitting. In this paper, a novel spectrophotometric method was described for determination of nickel in the end-fitting of spoolable reinforced plastic line pipe. The method was based on the color reaction between nickel and dimethylglyoxime, which was favored in an alkaline medium, producing a red compound in the presence of ammonium persulfate as an oxidant. Under the optimum reaction conditions the absorption value was proportional to the concentration of nickel in the range of 0.080~0.50% (R2 = 0.9999), and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.0% (n=5). The proposed method was applied successfully to determine nickel in end-fitting of spoolable reinforced plastic line pipe.

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Efficient removal of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from aqueous solution and mixed industrial wastewater using a designed chelating ligand, 2-pyridyl-N-(2′-methylthiophenyl) methyleneimine (PMTPM)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1092-1101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Krishnendu Kumar Pobi ◽

Biplab Mondal ◽

Sumanta Nayek ◽

Apurba K. Patra ◽

Rajnarayan Saha

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Chelating Agent ◽

Chloride Ions ◽

Coordination Geometry ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Stability Order ◽

Optimum Reaction

Abstract The present study is focused on the removal of Hg2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution using a tridentate chelating agent, 2-pyridyl-N-(2′-methylthiophenyl) methyleneimine (PMTPM); and applicability of such removal from industrial wastewater using PMTPM is also investigated. The results showed that the metal ions removal efficiency using PMTPM was in the order of Hg2+(99.46%) > Cd2+(95.42%) > Pb2+(94.54%) under optimum reaction conditions (L:M2+ = 3:1, pH = 9, time = 24 h, temp. = 30 °C). Formed chelated complexes such as [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2] (1), [Cd(PMTPM)Cl2] (2) and [Pb(PMTPM)Cl2] (3) were characterized by numerous spectroscopic tools and X-ray structure determination of a representative complex of Hg2+. In the X-ray structure of [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2], 1, the Hg2+ adopted a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry surrounding two N donors of PMTPM and two chloride ions. A similar coordination geometry surrounding the respective metal centres in 2 and 3 was established. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a stability order of [Cd(PMTPM)Cl2] > [Hg(PMTPM)Cl2] > [Pb(PMTPM)Cl2]. Further the comparative metal leaching behaviour of these chelate complexes exhibited higher stability in alkaline solution than in acidic. Moreover, PMTPM was applied in real mixed industrial wastewater with alkaline pH, and adequate removals of toxic metals were achieved.

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Fluorometric determination of spermidine using o-phthalaldehyde: Optimum reaction conditions and tests of identity

Analytical Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/0003-2697(73)90363-1 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 353-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Rolf Håkanson ◽

Anna-Lisa Rönnberg

Keyword(s):

Fluorometric Determination ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Optimum Reaction

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SPECTROFLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF EOSIN CHEMILUMINESCENCE SYSTEM FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DABIGATRAN IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2020.v13i1.35933 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 104-108

Author(s):

DHANAPAL Y ◽

SRUDHIVINOD V ◽

MOHAMAD WASEEM A

Keyword(s):

Method Development ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Eosin Y ◽

Linear Calibration ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Quenching Effect ◽

Spectrofluorimetric Determination ◽

Optimum Reaction

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop a rapid, simple, and economical spectrofluorometric method for quantification of dabigatran from marketed formulation and its principle involved based on the protonated process of a binary mixture complex formation with eosin Y. Methods: A simple and precise spectrofluorometric technique was applied for the method development. It depends on measuring the quenching effect of the drug on the native fluorescence of eosin at excitation under the optimum reaction conditions. Results: The reaction linear calibration graph constructed between the fluorescence quenching valves flouresence intensity (ΔF) and the concentration ranges of 5–50 μg/ml. Spectrofluorometric analytical performance was validated by accuracy, precision, and specificity, and the results were satisfactory. Conclusion: This method was to develop a fast, simple, and economically applied successfully for the assay, and qualification of dabigatran tablet contains drug, also with different coformulated pharmaceutical formulations.

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Use of N-methyl-D-glucamine as buffer in the determination of serum alkaline phosphatase activity.

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1093/clinchem/27.10.1729 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 1729-1732 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V Chromý ◽

L Zahradnícek ◽

J Voznícek

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Phosphatase Activity ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Nitrophenyl Phosphate ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Assay Conditions

Abstract We describe a method for determining serum alkaline phosphatase activity with use of N-methyl-D-glucamine buffer, Na+ is a definite activator, whereas NH4+ and Li+ inhibit enzyme activity. Optimum reaction conditions are: methylglucamine buffer, 0.35 mol/L, pH 10.2 +/- 0.1 (30 degrees C); NaCl, 70 mmol/L; MgCl2, 0.5 mmol/L; disodium 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, 15 mmol/L; reaction temperature, 30 degrees C; reaction time, 2 min. The assay conditions are optimum for all human serum isoenzymes.

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Spectrophotometric determination ofβ-blocker drugs by oxidation with bromate–bromide mixture and its analytical application to pharmaceutical preparations

Spectroscopy An International Journal ◽

10.1155/2011/541962 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 303-315 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akram M. El-Didamony ◽

Eman A. H. Erfan

Keyword(s):

Indigo Carmine ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Statistical Comparison ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Comparison Of The Results

Three visible spectrophotometric methods (A–C) were developed for the analysis of someβ-blocker drugs, namely atenolol (ATE) and timolol (TIM) based on their reactivity with bromine, generated in situ by the action of hydrochloric acid on bromate–bromide mixture. The determination of residual bromine is based on its ability to bleach the indigo carmine dye and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method A). Methods B and C involve treating the unreacted bromine with a measured excess of iron (II), the remaining iron (II) is complexed with 1,10-phenanthroline (method B) or with 2,2'-bipyridyl (method C) and measuring the increase in absorbance at 510 and 522 nm, respectively. In all the methods, the amount of bromine reacted corresponding to the drug content. Regression analysis of Beer's plot showed good correlation in the concentration ranges of 0.4–16.4, 0.8–10.4 and 0.4–12.8 µg/ml using methods A–C, respectively, for ATE and 14–38, 12–32 and 14–38 µg/ml using methods A–C, respectively, for TIM. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters are evaluated. No interference was observed from the additives and the applicability of the methods was tested by analyzing the pharmaceutical preparations containing the investigated drugs. Statistical comparison of the results with those of official methods shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in precision.

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Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of Co(II) ion by the oxidation of ponceau 4R by hydrogen peroxide

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0602189g ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 189-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zora Grahovac ◽

Snezana Mitic ◽

Emilija Pecev ◽

Snezana Tosic

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Kinetic Method ◽

Calibration Graph ◽

Borate Buffer ◽

Linear Calibration ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Ponceau 4R ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Kinetic Spectrophotometric

Anew, sensitive and simple kinetic method has been developed for the determination of traces of Co(II) ions based on their catalytic effect in the oxidation of trisodium-2-hydroxy-1-(4-sulphonato-1-naphthylazo)naphthalene-6,8-disulphonate (red artificial color Ponceau 4R) by hydrogen peroxide in borate buffer. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by tracing the oxidation product at 478.4 nm within 1 min after the initiation of the reaction. The optimum reaction conditions are: borate buffer (pH 10.50), Ponceau 4R (8 x10-6 mol/dm3), H2O2 (3 x10-2 mol/dm3) at 22 ?C. Following this procedure, Co(II) can be determined with a linear calibration graph up to 1.17 ng/cm3 and a detection limit of 0.20, based on the 3??criterion. The relative error ranges between 4.80-3.25 % for the concentration interval of Co(II) ions 1.76-17.61 ng/cm3. The effects of certain foreign ions on the reaction rate were determined for an assessment of the selectivity of the method. The method was applied for the determination of Co(II) in pharmaceutical samples.

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New oxidative electrophilic coupling reactions and their application to spectrophotometric determination of iron(III) in environmental waters, soils and industrial effluent samples

Facta universitatis - series Physics Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.2298/fupct1201027a ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 27-36

Author(s):

Okab Al ◽

Abdul Galil

Keyword(s):

Industrial Effluent ◽

Environmental Water ◽

Coupling Reactions ◽

Coupling Reagents ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Red Color ◽

Water And Soil Samples ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Trace Concentrations

New oxidative electrophilic coupling reagents, 2-amino-2?,5-dichlorobenzophenone (MCB) or 2-amino-5-chloro-2'-fluorobenzophenone (MFB) are exploited for the determination of trace concentrations of iron(III) in environmental water and soil samples. The methods were based on oxidation of the electrophilic coupling reagents, 2-amino- 2?,5-dichlorobenzophenone (MCB) or 2-amino-5-chloro-2'-fluorobenzophenone (MFB) by iron(III) and coupling with phenoxazine (PNZ) in acidic medium to yield red color derivative having an absorbance maximum at 520 nm, which is stable up to 12 h. Beer?s law are obeyed for iron in the concentration ranges 0.31-1.2121 ?gmL-1 and 0.42-1.41 ?gmL-1, respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other important analytical parameters were established. Interference due to various non-target ions was also investigated. The developed methods were applied to the analysis of iron(III) in various matrices. The performance of developed methods were evaluated in terms of Student?s t-test and variance ratio F-test that indicate the significance of developed methods over reported method.

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Determination of nitrites by the formation of bisazo dye

Chemical Papers ◽

10.2478/s11696-007-0060-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

B. Dayananda ◽

H. Revanasiddappa

Keyword(s):

Sample Volume ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Final Sample ◽

Water And Soil Samples ◽

Bromide Ion ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Acidic Conditions ◽

Diazonium Ion

AbstractA facile, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite is presented. The method involves the reaction of nitrite with 4-aminoazobenzene under acidic conditions in the presence of a bromide ion allowing to complete the diazotization reaction almost instantaneously. The formed diazonium ion is then coupled with acetyl acetone to give bisazo dye in an aqueous alkaline medium having maximum absorption at 500 nm. The molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity of the method were found to be 4.2 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1 and 1.1 ng cm−2, respectively. The system obeys the Beer’s law within the concentration range of 0.1–9 µg of nitrite in the final sample volume of 10 cm3. Optimum reaction conditions were evaluated and the influence of ionic interference on the determination of nitrite has been studied. The developed method has been applied in the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples, and the results were statistically evaluated.

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