The Contractile Effect of Ethanolic Extract of West African Black Pepper (Piper guineense) on Isolated Guinea Pig Ileum

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba, Adebowale ◽  
Tomori, Olayinka A
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
West African ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
African Black

scholarly journals Toxicity and spraying schedules of a biopesticide prepared from Piper guineense against two cowpea pests

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Oparaeke
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Limited Resource ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
West African ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
African Black ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The toxicity of three concentrations (5%, 10% and 20% w/v) and spraying schedules (2, 4 and 6 weekly applications) of an extract from West African black pepper, <i>Piper guineense</i>, for managing two major post-flowering pests of cowpea, <i>Vigna unguiculata</i>, was investigated in two cropping seasons at the Research Farm of the Institute for Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The insect pests were the larvae of <i>Maruca vitrata</i> (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and the cowpea coreid bug, <i>Clavigralla tomentosicollis</i> (Hemiptera: Coreidae). The higher concentrations (10% and 20% w/v) and more frequent applications (4 and 6/week) significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced the numbers of the two insect pests compared to the untreated control in both years. Pod damage was significantly reduced and grain yields consequently increased in treated plots compared with the other extract treatments and the untreated control. West African black pepper extract applied at higher concentrations and more frequently could play an important role in integrated management of pests’ infestations on field cowpea managed by limited resource farmers in third world countries.

scholarly journals Effect of Intercropping Beans with Maize and Botanical Extract on Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Infestation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Clovis Bessong Tanyi ◽  
Raymond Ndip Nkongho ◽  
Justin Nambangia Okolle ◽  
Aaron Suh Tening ◽  
Christopher Ngosong
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
West African ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The West ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
African Black

African farmers are currently grappling with potential control measures for the invasive fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda), which has recently emerged as an important economic pest that is ravaging maize fields across the continent. We evaluated the efficacy of the West African black pepper extract and beans intercropping systems as viable FAW control measures and the implication on maize yields. The experiment comprised five treatments (control-no input, dwarf beans intercrop, climbing beans intercrop, West African black pepper extract, and insecticide) with three replications each. FAW severity was assessed at three to seven weeks after planting (WAP), while maize infestation was assessed at seven WAP. FAW severity increased significantly (P<0.05) across WAP for the control and dwarf beans intercrop, with the highest at four and six WAP, respectively. FAW severity also differed (P<0.05) significantly across treatments at four to seven WAP, with the lowest recorded in the extract of West African black pepper (Piper guineense) and the highest in control treatments. Maize infestation ranged from 13 to 93%, with the lowest in the West African black pepper extract and synthetic insecticide, followed by both dwarf and climbing beans intercrops and then the control. The maize yield determined at physiological maturity ranged from 2.2 to 6.3 t ha−1 across treatments and differed significantly, with the highest in the West African black pepper extract and synthetic insecticide, followed by both the dwarf and climbing beans intercrops, as compared to the control. Overall, the West African black pepper extract and beans push cropping systems demonstrated efficacy as viable sustainable alternative control measures for the invasive fall armyworm in maize fields.

Antihistaminic activity of Ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. fruit.

2021 ◽  
pp. 4403-4407
Author(s):  
Priya Gupta ◽  
Vanita Kanase
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Antihistamine Activity ◽  
Different Doses

The purpose of the present work were intended to determine the antihistaminic activity of ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. fruits (EECM). Capparis moonii W. had been historically used in the diagnosis of cough and asthma and so we undertook this study to validate scientifically using appropriate animal models. Antihistamine is considered to be helpful for the treatment of allergic, thus, the antihistamine activity of an ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. in the current work was evaluated. To determine the doses, acute oral toxicity tests were conducted. Clonidine and haloperidol that induced cataleptic effect in Swiss albino mice were evaluated for antihistaminic activity at the different doses of 50mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg, p.o. and the evaluation is also done on guinea pig ileum tissue. The ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. fruits (50, 100, 200mg/kg, p.o.) and chlorpheniramine maleate (i.p.,10mg/kg) significantly inhibited (****P<0.0001) clonidine induced catalepsy but the extract donot inhibit haloperidol-induced catalepsy and histamine-induced contraction in guinea pig ileum tissue preparation shows that ethanolic extract of Capparis moonii W. inhibited the contractile activity of histamine. The result of our work shows that the ethanolic extract possesses antihistaminic activity. It can be reported that flavonoid present in the extract may be important for an antihistaminic effect and therefore may have a role in the asthma treatment.

Iloprost: Intracellular Ca2+-dependent Contractile Effect on Isolated Smooth Muscle Cells from Guinea-pig Ileum

1995 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 398-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALAIN BOTELLA ◽  
OLIVIER JEANNETON ◽  
MICHEL DELVAUX ◽  
JACQUES FREXINOS ◽  
LIONEL BUENO
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig Ileum ◽  
Contractile Effect ◽  
Isolated Smooth Muscle Cells

scholarly journals The sensitivity of flower bud thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cowpea to three concentrations and spraying schedules of Piper guineense Schum. & Thonn. extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Oparaeke
Keyword(s):  
Limited Resource ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Megalurothrips Sjostedti ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Insecticide Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Insecticide ◽  
African Black ◽  
Untreated Check

The extracts of pods of West African black pepper, <i>Piper guineense</i>, at 5, 10 and 20% (w/v), were applied at two, four and six weekly schedules to control the legume flower bud thrips, <i>Megalurothrips sjostedti</i> on flowers of cowpea, <i>Vigna unguiculata</i>. The trials were conducted for 2 years under rain fed conditions in the northern Guinea savanna region of Nigeria. The results showed that the <i>M. sjostedti</i> population was significantly controlled on treated plots compared with the untreated check in both years. The extracts at the 20 and 10% rates and with six or four weekly applications significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced thrips pressure on cowpea flowers, were better than the 5% extract at all spraying schedules, and had the same efficacy as the synthetic insecticide treatment. Pod density per plant was significantly higher (<i>P</i> < 0.05) on plots treated with the 20% extract at six or four weekly applications compared to other extract rates and was similar to that of the synthetic insecticide treatment. Thus, the extracts could be a good alternative to the synthetic insecticides on organically managed farms as well as on farms of limited resource farmers in the tropics and subtropics.

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