Nutrient Utilization and Digestibility of Growing Pigs Fed Diets of Different Proportions of Palm Kernel Meal and Brewers Dried Grain

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-367
Author(s):  
K.U. Amaefule ◽  
O.C. Onwudike ◽  
S.N. Ibe ◽  
S.F. Abasiekong
Keyword(s):  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The value of palm kernel meal in finishing diets for pigs: 2. The effect of the addition of cane molasses on the utilization of high level palm kernel meal diets

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Fetuga ◽  
G. M. Babatunde ◽  
V. A. Oyenuga
Keyword(s):  
Blood Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cane Molasses ◽  
Diet Treatment ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

SUMMARYOne hundred Large White x Landrace barrows and gilts were used in two experiments involving 50 pigs (25 barrows and 25 gilts) allocated on t h e basis of sex, litter origin and initial weight to five treatment groups of t en pigs each and individually and semi-restrictedly fed one of five diets. Diet one, t h e control, was a conventionally used fattener's diet based on groundnut, blood meal and maize mixtures, and containing 16 to 17% crude protein on dry-matter basis. The remaining four diets were approximately 17% crude protein diets based on palm kernel, blood meal and maize mixtures. The maize fraction was however replaced by 0, 10, 20 and 30% cane molasses in diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Growth performance, feed efficiency, nutrient utilization and carcass quality were studied.I n both trials, the groundnut meal (GNM) based diet (treatment 1) supported significantly faster rates of gain t h a n all other diets except 3. I t also tended to produce fatter pigs than those on t h e palm kernel meal (PKM) based diets. Addition of 10% cane molasses (CM) to t h e basal PKM diet (treatment 3) significantly improved feed and dry-matter intake, r a t e and efficiency of gain, crude fibre digestibility and nitrogen retention. Higher levels depressed performance as well as d ry matter, protein and ether extract digestibility. Addition of cane molasses did not significantly influence carcass characteristics.

Short Communication: Energy values and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of copra meal and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Jang ◽  
Y. Y. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Short Communication ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Copra Meal ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Jang, Y. D. and Kim, Y. Y. 2013. Short Communication: Energy values and apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of copra meal and palm kernel meal fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 517–521. To determine energy values and coefficients of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of copra meal (CM) and palm kernel meal (PKM), 24 growing pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet and the basal diet replaced by 300 g kg−1 of either CM or PKM. Copra meal had higher CATTD of gross energy (12%), dry matter (DM; 13%), neutral detergent fiber (16%), acid detergent fiber (23%), and crude fiber (79%; P<0.05) than PKM. Copra meal had a slightly higher digestible energy (DE) value than PKM (14.08 vs. 13.01 MJ kg−1 DM; P=0.067), but metabolizable energy (ME; 13.33 vs. 12.83 MJ kg−1 DM), net energy (7.97 vs. 7.36 MJ kg−1 DM), and ME:DE ratio did not differ between CM and PKM. Therefore, compared with PKM, CM can be a better source of dietary energy in swine diets as evidenced by higher CATTD of energy and fiber components.

Effect of Palm Kernel Meal as Melamine Urea Formaldehyde Adhesive Extender for Plywood Application: Using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 121-126 ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huei Ruey Ong ◽  
Reddy Prasad ◽  
Md. Maksudur Rahman Khan ◽  
Md. Najmul Kabir Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Chemical Interaction ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein-based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the physico-chemical interaction of palm kernel meal (PKM) with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) resins in adhesive formulation by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The effect of hot press on PKM extender has been investigated by FTIR and blue shift is observed due to the hot press indicating that the functional groups (such as C=O, -OH and NH) are become more free in the samples. In the case of PKM-MUF blend bonding interactions observed where, PKM played the role as an extender. Red shift of C=O and N-H groups stretching in PKM-MUF-Wood blend is observed which suggests the interaction of these functional groups through hydrogen bonding. The results suggest that PKM extender-based MUF adhesive resins have potential application for the production of exterior plywood.

scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

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