scholarly journals Optimal Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Palm Kernel Meal as Protein Source in a Fish Meal-Soybean Meal-Based Diet of Sex Reversed Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Wattana Wattanakul ◽  
Karun Thongprajukaew ◽  
Waraporn Hahor ◽  
Naraid Suanyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Crude Lipid ◽  
Red Tilapia ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

The solid-state fermentation by effective microorganisms (containing photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast and Bacillus sp.) improved the nutritive values of palm kernel meal (PKM). Increased crude protein (20.79%), nitrogen-free extract (40.07%) and gross energy (19.58%) were observed in fermented PKM (FPKM) relative to raw PKM while crude lipid (15.65%), crude fiber (36.45%) and ash (29.54%) were decreased. Replacement of soybean meal (SBM) with FPKM as a protein source was investigated for its effects in sex-reversed red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). The two-month-old fish (14.85 ± 0.28 g initial weight) were fed fish meal-SBM-based diets with replacement by FPKM at 25% (25FPKM), 50% (50FPKM), 75% (75FPKM) and 100% (100FPKM), while an FPKM-free diet (0FPKM) was used as a control. The five treatments, comprising triplicate cement ponds and forty fish each, were conducted in a recirculating system over 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the 50FPKM diet were superior in growth performance, while the feed utilization parameters were similar across all five treatments. Physiological adaptation of the protein-digesting (pepsin and trypsin) and lipid-digesting (lipase) enzymes was detected at all protein replacement levels (except for 25FPKM), as well as of the enzyme for cellulose digestion (cellulase), but not of the carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (amylase). Protein synthesis capacity in flesh was improved in fish fed the 50FPKM diet, while the quality of the main flesh proteins, actin and myosin, showed no significant differences across the five treatments. No differences in carcass composition and no negative effects on hematological parameters or liver histoarchitecture at the 50% replacement level of SBM by FPKM also support this alternative. Findings from the current study indicate the low-cost FPKM-containing diet for tilapia in comparison with control diet.

scholarly journals Replacing Fishmeal With Palm Kernel Meal In Formulated Feed For The Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat ◽  
Norsila Daim ◽  
Nawwar Zawani Mamat
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Utilisation of plant proteins to replace fish meal in shrimp feeds has become an important consideration because fish meal is becoming more expensive due to increasing demand worldwide. The potential use of palm kernel meal (PKM) in this study to substitute fish meal in the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) diets was evaluated by conducting a 90-day feeding trial. Shrimp juveniles with an initial average weight of 0.5 g, protein content of 10.74±0.70% were randomly distributed into five treatments in triplicates. Four isonitrogenous (approximately 35% protein) diets were formulated to contain 0% (D0), 25% (D25), 50% (D50) and 75% (D75) of PKM replacement and a commercial feed served as control treatment (Control). Results from this study revealed that shrimps fed D25 were comparable with those fed with Control as there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in weight gain and specific growth rate (SGR) between the groups. However, PKM inclusions above 50% showed detrimental effects on the growth performance. The highest total protein percent was observed in shrimp tissues fed with D25 (67.59±0.87%) and D75 showed the lowest protein among the treatments (57.4±0.63%) (p<0.05). Total lipid content was observed high in shrimps fed with Control (4.33±2.96%) and decreased with PKM replacement levels. The highest carbohydrate was found in shrimps fed with D75 (16.75±0.04%) and the lowest was found in shrimps fed with D25 (14.67±0.07%). When PKM is utilised to replace FM, a limit of 25% level should be recommended.

scholarly journals Substitutions of soybean meal with enriched palm kernel meal in laying hens diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnold P. Sinurat ◽  
Tresnawati Purwadaria ◽  
Pius P. Ketaren ◽  
Tiurma Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kombinasi Media Bungkil Kelapa Sawit Dan Dedak Padi Yang Difermentasi Terhadap Produksi Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Sebagai Sumber Protein Pakan Ikan [The Effect Of Palm Kernel Meal And Rice Bran Media Combination Which Are Fermented To The Production Of Black Soldier Fly Maggot (Hermetia illucens) As A Source Of Fish Feed Protein ]

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arief, Azela Noor Ratika, Mirni Lamid
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
The Media ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Abstract The high feed prices caused the cost of feed matters were higher for fish farmers so that needed alternative matter. High prices are caused by fish feed, fish feed ingredients that are imported include fish meal which is the main raw material source of protein to feed the fish so that the necessary alternative feed ingredients for use of fish meal. Maggot can be used as alternative feed matter because it contains crude protein ranged between 30-40% but there are some problems in its production. Media for maggot production used palm kernel meal but the media is hard to find outside of the central plam kernel plantation so as to reduce its use carried out by using a combination of rice bran. Rice bran can be easily to get and can be media for maggot production and low nutrient content of the media production maggot can be corrected through the process of fermentation. This study aims to determine the effect of the combination of media for the production of maggot and find the best combination of media for the production maggot. This research method is to experiment whit Completely Randomized Desing (CRD). The experiment used is 100% palm kernel meal (A), 75% palm kernel meal + 25 rice bran (B), 50% palm kernel meal + 50% rice bran (C), 25% palm kernel meal + 75% rice bran (D) and 100% rice bran with each five replications. The parameters observed were severe maggot production. Analysis of the data used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and to determine the best treatment using Duncan’s Multiple range test with a confidence interval of 5%. The results of this study indicate that the combination of palm kernel meal and rice bran are fermented to give a noticeable effect the production Maggot. The best combination of palm kernel meal and rice bran to produce the highest Maggot is the use of palm kernel meal 75% + 25% rice bran are not significantly different with the use of palm kernel meal 100%. Based on this research result shows that the use of 25% of rice bran can reduce the use of 100% palm kernel meal become only 75% in maggot production.

INFLUENCE OF PHYTIC ACID AND CRUDE FIBRE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF MINERALS FROM FOUR PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS IN GROWING CHICKS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. NWOKOLO ◽  
D. B. BRAGG
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Phytic Acid Content ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Kernel Meal ◽  
Palm Kernel Meal

Commercial broiler chicks were used in a study to determine the influence of dietary phytic acid and crude fibre on the availability of Ca, Cu, Mg, Mn, P and Zn in palm kernel meal, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and rapeseed meal. Results showed that phytic acid content varied from 0.85 to 1.92% of the sample among ingredients that were tested. Crude fibre varied from 6.5% in soybean meal to 17.5% in palm kernel meal. The retention of all minerals was adversely affected by either phytic acid or crude fibre. Several minerals showed a significant inverse relationship to both phytic acid and crude fibre.

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