Effects of Some Bacillus sp. Isolates on Fusarium spp. in vitro and Potato Tuber Dry Rot Development in vivo

AbstractThe aim of the study was to test in vitro and in vivo the efficacy of triazoles and biocontrol agents (BCAs) against Fusarium proliferatum and F. oxysporum, the former signaled as the main causal agent of garlic dry rot and the latter also involved. In vitro trials were organized using potato dextrose agar with added chemicals or BCAs inoculated with selected F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum. Garlic cloves were dipped before sowing in suspensions prepared with the fungicides showing the best performances in vitro; then they were dipped in Fusaria suspension before sowing. In in vitro trials, the maximum Fusaria growth inhibition was performed by Propiconazole + Prochloraz (100%), followed by Tebuconazole (88.9%). BCAs showed great capacity to control Fusaria, with a maximum growth inhibition of 80% (Trichoderma harzianum + T. gamsii). In vivo bacterial BCAs showed a similar capacity to control F. proliferatum and F. oxysporum compared to chemical products (mean of severity index 18.6% and 11.7%, respectively). In vivo results confirmed the in vitro performances, except for Trichoderma, which had the worst performances in vivo. Therefore, the results are preliminary but promising for future field application.

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Kemampuan Bakteri Endofit Akar dan Ubi Kentang untuk Menekan Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) pada Ubi

Agrikultura ◽

10.24198/agrikultura.v27i3.10880 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Noor Istifadah ◽

Muhamad Salman Umar ◽

Sudarjat Sudarjat ◽

Luciana Djaya

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Potato Tuber ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Soft Rot Disease ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Rot Disease

ABSTRACTThe abilities of endophytic bacteria from potato roots and tubers to suppress soft rot disease (Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora) in potato tuberSoft rot disease caused by Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora is one of limiting factors in cultivation and post harvest of potato. The eco-friendly control measure that can be developed for controlling the diseases is biological control. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include endophytic bacteria. This paper discussed the results of study examining the potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from roots and tubers of potato to inhibit the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro and suppress soft rot disease in potato tuber. The results showed that among 24 isolates examined, four isolates of endophytic bacteria (one isolate from potato tuber and three isolates from potato roots) inhibited the growth of E. carotovora pv. carotovora in vitro with inhibition zone 3.5-6.8 mm. In the in vivo test, the isolates inhibited the soft rot disease in potato tuber by 71.5-86.4%. The isolate that tended to show relatively better inhibition in vitro and in vivo was isolate from potato tuber which is CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.)Keywords: Biological control, Endophytic bacteria, Post-harvest, Potato, Soft rot diseaseABSTRAKPenyakit busuk lunak yang disebabkan bakteri Erwinia carotovora pv. carotovora, merupakan salah satu kendala dalam budidaya dan pascapanen kentang. Cara pengendalian ramah lingkungan yang dapat dikembangkan untuk menekan penyakit tersebut adalah pengendalian biologi. Kelompok mikroba yang berpotensi sebagi agens pengendali biologi adalah bakteri endofit. Artikel ini mendiskusikan potensi isolat bakteri endofit yang berasal dari ubi dan akar kentang untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dan menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa diantara 24 isolat bakteri yang diuji, terdapat empat isolat bakteri endofit (satu isolat dari ubi kentang dan tiga isolat dari akar kentang) yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri E. carotovora pv. carotovora secara in vitro dengan zona penghambatan sebesar 3,5-6,8 mm. Pada pengujian secara in vivo, isolat-isolat tersebut dapat menekan perkembangan penyakit busuk lunak pada ubi kentang sebesar 71,5-86,4%. Isolat yang cenderung menunjukkan penghambatan relatif lebih baik secara in vitro dan in vivo adalah isolat bakteri endofit asal ubi kentang yaitu isolat CK U3 (Lysinibacillus sp.).Kata Kunci: Pengendalian biologi, Bakteri endofit, Pascapanen, Kentang, Penyakit busuk basah

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Preliminary Study and Improve the Production of Metabolites with Antifungal Activity by a Bacillus Sp Strain IBA 33

Microbiology Insights ◽

10.4137/mbi.s995 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. MBI.S995 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

María Antonieta Gordillo ◽

Antonio Roberto Navarro ◽

Lidia María Benitez ◽

Marta Inés Torres De Plaza ◽

Maria Cristina Maldonado

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Geotrichum Candidum ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

In Vivo Assays ◽

Metabolites Production

Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 metabolites, isolated from decaying lemon fruits, were evaluated for the control of pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi ( Penicillium digitatum, Geotrichum candidum, Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium moniliforme). These metabolites were recovered from Landy medium (LM) without aminoacids. In order to optimize metabolites production the LM was modified by adding different concentrations and sources of amino acids and carbohydrates at different culture conditions. Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 metabolites efficacy to control fungi were evaluated with in vitro and in vivo assays. A. flavus growth inhibition was 52% with the metabolites of Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 recovered from LM (MBLM) in vitro assays. MBLM supplemented with 0.5% glutamic acid, inhibited the growth of P. digitatum, G. candidum, A. clavatus, A. niger and F. moniliforme by 65%, 88.44%, 84%, 34% and 92% respectively. The highest inhibition of P. expansum was 45% with MBLM supplemented with 0.5% aspartic acid. Similar results were obtained in vivo assays. These results showed that Bacillus sp strain IBA 33 metabolites specificity against fungi depended on the composition of the LM.

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Characterization of a New Chitosanase from a Marine Bacillus sp. and the Anti-Oxidant Activity of Its Hydrolysate

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md18020126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 126

Author(s):

Chunrui Ma ◽

Xiao Li ◽

Kun Yang ◽

Shangyong Li

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Maximal Activity ◽

Hydroxyl Groups ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Low Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽

Anti Oxidant

Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has been recognized to exhibit efficient anti-oxidant activity. Enzymatic hydrolysis using chitosanases can retain all the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan, which are necessary for its activity. In this study, a new chitosanase encoding gene, csnQ, was cloned from the marine Bacillus sp. Q1098 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant chitosanase, CsnQ, showed maximal activity at pH 5.31 and 60 °C. Determination of CsnQ pH-stability showed that CsnQ could retain more than 50% of its activity over a wide pH, from 3.60 to 9.80. CsnQ is an endo-type chitosanase, yielding chitodisaccharide as the main product. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo analyses indicated that chitodisaccharide possesses much more effective anti-oxidant activity than glucosamine and low molecular weight chitosan (LMW-CS) (~5 kDa). Notably, to our knowledge, this is the first evidence that chitodisaccharide is the minimal COS fragment required for free radical scavenging.

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In vitro and in vivo control of yam dry rot nematodes using pyroligneous extracts from palm trees

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x202067060008 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 482-490

Author(s):

Sara Padilha de Farias ◽

Alison Van Der Linden de Almeida ◽

Everton Sebastião do Nascimento ◽

João Inácio Soletti ◽

Tatiane Luciano Balliano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Rot ◽

Palm Trees

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BIOCONTROLE DE Macrophomina phaseolina E PROMOÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO NA CULTURA DO GIRASSOL COM O USO DE Trichoderma sp. E RIZOBACTÉRIAS

Ipê Agronomic Journal ◽

10.37951/2595-6906.2021v5i1.6544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nelrilene Pereira da Silva ◽

Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi ◽

Fábio José Gonçalves ◽

Alan Carlos Alves de Souza

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Trichoderma Sp

Fungos fitopatogênicos habitantes do solo como Macrophomina phaseolina são de difícil controle, principalmente por formarem estruturas de resistência. Por se tratar de uma espécie polífaga, faz-se necessário realizar estudos para se obter diferentes formas efetivas de controle. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a eficiência de microrganismos benéficos no controle biológico de M. phaseolina, e na promoção de crescimento à cultura do girassol. A presente pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas, uma com ensaio in vitro e outra com ensaio in vivo. O ensaio in vitro foi conduzido no laboratório de análises microbiológicas AgroLab, onde realizou-se teste de pareamento de culturas com seis tratamentos e três repetições, sendo, (T1 - Trichoderma sp. + patógeno; T2 - Bacillus sp. + patógeno; T3 – B. pyrrocinia + patógeno; T4 – P. fluorescens + patógeno; T5 – B. subtilis + patógeno e T6 - somente o patógeno), avaliou-se a ocorrência de antibiose e selecionou-se os isolados mais promissores para o ensaio in vivo. O ensaio in vivo foi realizado na Unidade Experimental do laboratório AgroLab, em recipientes de 400 mL, em cultivo protegido, sendo conduzido em Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado com cinco tratamentos (T1 – controle; T2 - Trichodermil®; T3 - Trichoderma sp.; T4 - B. pyrrocinia e T5 - B. subtilis) em oito repetições. Foram avaliados a capacidade dos bioagentes em suprimir a severidade da doença e, sua eficiência como promotores de crescimento para a cultura do girassol. Os parâmetros avaliados nas análises de crescimento foram: comprimento de raiz e parte aérea e, biomassa da raiz e parte aérea. Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa entre si pelo teste de F (p < 0,05). Nos testes in vitro, os isolados de Trichoderma sp., Bacillus subtilis e B. pyrrocinia reportaram melhor atividade antagônica com 10,93%, 10,26% e 3,71% de inibição do crescimento micelial do patógeno, respectivamente. Na promoção de crescimento todos os tratamentos promoveram maior comprimento da raiz e aumento da biomassa da parte aérea. Não houve diferença significativa para comprimento da parte aérea em relação a testemunha, e os isolados de B. subtilis, B. pyrrocinia e Trichoderma sp. apresentaram maior biomassa da raiz. Na severidade da doença os tratamentos com B. subtilis, B. pyrrocinia, Trichoderma sp. e Trichodermil®, apresentaram 90,5%, 81,0%, 81,0% e 62,5% de supressão do patógeno, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que estes microrganismos apresentam potencial como promotores de crescimento e biocontroladores da doença, podendo tornar-se técnica viável a ser inserida ao Manejo Integrado de Doenças.

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Potensi Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agens Pengendali Fusarium spp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Stroberi

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v25n4.2015.p331-339 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 331 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽

Melisa N Fajri ◽

Yunimar Yunimar

Keyword(s):

Fragaria X Ananassa ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Sp ◽

Fusarium Sp

Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp. dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.

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Mecanismos de acción de Bacillus spp. (Bacillaceae) contra microorganismos fitopatógenos durante su interacción con plantas

Acta Biológica Colombiana ◽

10.15446/abc.v25n1.75045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 112-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luz Adriana Pedraza-Herrera ◽

Camilo Ernesto Lopez- Carrascal ◽

Daniel Uribe Vélez

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Sp ◽

Bacillus Spp

Algunos Bacillus spp. promotores de crecimiento vegetal son microorganismos reconocidos como agentes de control biológico que forman una estructura de resistencia denominada endospora, que les permite sobrevivir en ambientes hostiles y estar en casi todos los agroecosistemas. Estos microorganismos han sido reportados como alternativa al uso de agroquímicos. Sus mecanismos de acción se pueden dividir en: producción de compuestos antimicrobianos, como son péptidos de síntesis no ribosomal (NRPs) y policétidos (PKs); producción de hormonas, capacidad de colonización, formación de biopelículas y competencia por espacio y nutrientes; síntesis de enzimas líticas como quitinasas, glucanasas, protesasas y acil homoserin lactonasas (AHSL); producción de compuestos orgánicos volátiles (VOCs); e inducción de resistencia sistémica (ISR). Estos mecanismos han sido reportados en la literatura en diversos estudios, principalmente llevados a cabo a nivel in vitro. Sin embargo, son pocos los estudios que contemplan la interacción dentro del sistema tritrófico: planta – microorganismos patógenos – Bacillus sp. (agente biocontrolador), a nivel in vivo. Es importante destacar que la actividad biocontroladora de los Bacillus es diferente cuando se estudia bajo condiciones de laboratorio, las cuales están sesgadas para lograr la máxima expresión de los mecanismos de acción. Por otra parte, a nivel in vivo, la interacción con la planta y el patógeno juegan un papel fundamental en la expresión de dichos mecanismos de acción, siendo esta más cercana a la situación real de campo. Esta revisión se centra en los mecanismos de acción de los Bacillus promotores de crecimiento vegetal, expresados bajo la interacción con la planta y el patógeno.

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Dependence of the Biological Activity of the Permafrost Bacteria Bacillus Sp. on Temperature

Journal of New Medical Technologies ◽

10.12737/7288 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 142-148

Author(s):

Субботин ◽

A. Subbotin ◽

Бажин ◽

A. Bazhin ◽

Калёнова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Enzymatic Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Bacillus Sp

Fossil bacteria in permafrost evolutionarily adapted to low temperatures (-5ºC), modern probiotics bacteria are adapted to living in warm-blooded animals (37ºC). It was found that at -5ºC, the enzymatic activity of fossil bacteria Bacillus sp. MG8 is a minimal strain. At lowering the incubation temperature to -16ºC, the enzymatic activity of bacte-ria MG8 increases in 3 times, at the temperature 42ºC - in a 1.5times relative IP5832 strain probiotic bacteria Bacillus cereus. Fossil strain Bacillus sp. MG8 and probiotic bacterial strain B.cereus IP5832 at incubation temperature 37ºC practically don’t differ from each other in the enzymatic activity in vitro and toxicity in laboratory animals in vivo. Incubation fossil bacteria Bacillus sp. at -5ºC allows to reduce their toxicity in warm-blooded animals in 5 times in comparison with Bacillus cereus JP5832, and to increase immunostimulating effect in the doses from 0,005•106 to 50•106 microbial cells per mouse. The obtained data show that fossil saprophytic bacteria strain MG8 Bacillus sp. from permafrost are less toxic to modern mammals than even bacilli-probiotics for medical purposes.

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Fungi pathogenic to the corm of arracacha (Arracada xanthorrhiza) in Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v84i1-2.3901 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 84 (1-2) ◽

pp. 53-64

Author(s):

Evelyn Rosa-Márquez ◽

Lydia I. Rivera ◽

Carlos E. Ortiz ◽

Arcángel Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Puerto Rico ◽

Phytophthora Palmivora ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Thiophanate Methyl ◽

Pathogenicity Tests

Phytophthora palmivora, Rhizoctonia sp. and two isolates of Fusarium spp. were identified and associated with the arracacha (Arracada xanthorrhiza) corm rot in pathogenicity tests conducted in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests revealed that these fungi were pathogenic to the corm. Fungi caused lesions to the corm under greenhouse conditions. Three major symptoms were observed: necrotized roots; necrotized roots with a dry, brown, hard injury to the internal corm tissue; and wet lesions with brown shades. The highest incidence of affected corms occurred with P. palmivora in combination with Rhizoctonia sp., and the lowest was observed in corms inoculated with Rhizoctonia sp. alone. The most severe symptoms were caused by P. palmivora alone and in combination with Rhizoctonia sp. In vitro tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of metalaxyl, etridiazofe thiophanate-methyl, and fosetyl-al against the isolated fungi at doses of 5 to 200 mg ai/kg. Among the fungicides tested, etridiazole thiophanate-methyl was effective against all fungi associated with corm rot. Micelial growth of P. palmivora was completely inhibited with metataxyl at all doses and by etridiazole thiophanate-methyl with doses of 20 or more mg ai/kg.

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