scholarly journals Potensi Trichoderma spp. sebagai Agens Pengendali Fusarium spp. Penyebab Penyakit Layu pada Tanaman Stroberi

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutia Erti Dwiastuti ◽  
Melisa N Fajri ◽  
Yunimar Yunimar
Keyword(s):  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Fusarium Sp

<p>Layu yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium spp. merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman stroberi (Fragaria x ananassa<br />Dutch.) di daerah subtropika, yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari potensi Trichoderma spp.<br />dalam mengendalikan Fusarium spp. Isolat Trichoderma spp. diisolasi dari rizosfer tanaman stroberi dan Fusarium spp. diisolasi<br />dari tanaman stroberi yang mengalami layu fusarium. Isolat cendawan dimurnikan, dikarakterisasi, dan dibandingkan dengan isolat<br />cendawan acuan. Uji antagonis dilakukan secara in vitro dan in vivo. Uji in vitro dilakukan dengan metode dual culture dan slide<br />culture. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kasa menggunakan dua varietas stroberi, yaitu Santung serta California. Hasil penelitian <br />in vitro memperoleh dua jenis isolat cendawan antagonis, yaitu Trichoderma sp.1 dan Trichoderma sp.2, dan dua jenis cendawan <br />patogen Fusarium, yaitu Fusarium sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 memiliki kemampuan antagonisme lebih tinggi<br />dibandingkan dengan isolat Trichoderma sp.2. Isolat Trichoderma sp.1 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium sp.1 dan<br />Fusarium sp.2 secara berturut- turut, yaitu 49,7% dan 49,6%. Isolat Trichoderma sp.2 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Fusarium<br />sp.1 dan Fusarium sp.2 lebih rendah, yaitu sebesar 45,8% dan 43,4%. Mekanisme antagonis yang terjadi antara cendawan antagonis<br />dan patogen pada uji in vitro, yaitu pembelitan dan intervensi hifa. Hasil pada uji in vivo pada perlakuan Trichoderma sebelum<br />Fusarium menunjukkan keefektifan pengendalian paling baik (41,72%) dibanding perlakuan lain. Varietas Santung lebih tahan<br />terhadap serangan patogen dibandingkan varietas California. Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah, agens hayati Trichoderma<br />spp. lebih optimal digunakan sebagai pencegahan (preventif) tanpa menunggu tanaman terinfeksi penyakit layu fusarium.</p>

scholarly journals Isolate Neoscytalidium dimidiatum fungal pathogens from pytaya (Hylocereus undatus) and research controlling by microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 286-293
Author(s):  
Nhut Nhu Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Bich ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽  
Vo Thi Xuyen
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Bacillus Spp

In recent years, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has caused severe white spot disease in Pytaya, while no effective controls have been taken. In this study, two strains of N. dimidiatum NdGV and NdBT were obtained by isolation on water agar medium containing streptomycin, morphological tests, in vitro and in vivo pathogenical tests, and molecular biology tests by sequencing the genes ITS1 and ITS4. By using dual culture technique on potato-glucose agar medium, 100% of Trichoderma spp., 75% of Bacillus spp. and 20% of Streptomyces spp. were able to antagonize N. dimidiatum. The mean antagonistic effect with N. dimidiatum of Trichoderma spp. was higher than Bacillus spp. and the lowest was Streptomyces spp. 56.8%, 55.3% and 54.3% respectively. Especially 5 strains Trichoderma sp. 8.3.5, 8.3.7, 8.3.14, 8.3.19, and 8.3.20 had antagonistic effects of over 60%. The application potential of the 5 selected Trichoderma strains to control N. dimidiatum disease was further strengthened when their antagonistic effect was relatively stable on Pitaya juice agar medium while all Bacillus sp. and Streptomyces sp. were lost the ability to antagonize. It was noteworthy that four of the five strains of Trichoderma sp. were highly compatible, suggesting further studies are needed to apply their combined potency in enhancing the control of N. dimidiatum NdBT and NdGV on Pitaya.  

An Attempt at Biological Control of Blossom Blight of Rose Caused by Botrytis cinerea Using some Local Trichoderma spp. Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
G. Zadehdabagh ◽  
K. Karimi ◽  
M. Rezabaigi ◽  
F. Ajamgard
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Cut Rose

The northern of Khuzestan province in Iran is mainly considered as one of the major areas of miniature rose production. Blossom blight caused by Botrytis cinerea has recently become a serious limiting factor in rose production in pre and post-harvest. In current study, an attempt was made to evaluate the inhibitory potential of some local Trichoderma spp. strains against B. cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The in vitro results showed that all Trichoderma spp. strains were significantly able to reduce the mycelial growth of the pathogen in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests compared with control, with superiority of T. atroviride Tsafi than others. Under in vivo condition, the selected strain of T. atroviride Tsafi had much better performance than T. harzianum IRAN 523C in reduction of disease severity compared with the untreated control. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the application of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents such as T. atroviride Tsafi can be effective to protect cut rose flowers against blossom blight.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Trichoderma spp. from Rhizosphere Soil and Their Antagonistic Activity against Fusarium spp.

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Jaygendra Kumar ◽  
Mukesh Kumar ◽  
Akash Tomar ◽  
. Vaishali ◽  
Pushpendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Species

Trichoderma species are well known for their biocontrol activity which colonize many soil and tuber-borne and foliage plant pathogens. In this study, 12 native isolates of Trichiderma spp were collected from various crop rhizosphere soil samples and characterized them phenotypically based on morphological and cultural features and genotypically based on sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-PCR amplification. The results obtained from phenotypic and genotypic observation revealed that isolates were belonged to five different species namely T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. koningii and T. koningiopsis. All Trichoderma isolates produced ~600 bp amplicon and phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates were grouped with respective species. Further, the antagonistic potential of all the isolates was evaluated against Fusarium spp. following in vitro dual culture method. The results showed that isolates of T. harzianum exhibited maximum growth inhibition activity. The highest rate of inhibition was recorded with T. harzianum isolate TBT6 (87.1%) followed by TBT7 (82.2%), while the least inhibition was observed in T. longibrachiatum isolate TBT10 (59.7%) after 7 days of incubation. The antagonistic T. harzianum isolate TBT6 can be used for development of Trichoderma based bio-formulation and served as bio-control agent against Fusaium spp. under field conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Trichoderma sp. on Anthracnose Disease of Stored Chilli

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
Zee Kar Yan ◽  
Vu Thanh Tu Anh
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Small Lesion ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Chilli is commonly used as spice in Malaysian culinary, principal ingredients in paste (sambal) and as the raw material in sauce industry. Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is one of the major causes of economic loss to chilli production especially in Asia. Even a small lesion on chilli might affect the quality, thus the market value of the chilli. Disease symptoms caused by C. capsici include brown, circular and sunken lesion with concentric rings of black acervuli. Chemicals have been used to treat the chilli but they might cause environmental pollution, affect human health and lead to pathogen resistance to the chemicals. Therefore, an alternative method to chemical control is required. In this study, C. capsici was isolated from a naturally infected chilli fruit (Capsicum frutescens), and a species of Trichoderma was isolated from the rhizosphere of grasses. Pure cultures of both fungi were established then used in antagonism studies in in vitro and in vivo. Dual culture of pathogens and Trichoderma sp. indicated that Trichoderma sp. competed with C. capsici for space and nutrients, caused the loss of turgidity of the fungal hyphae, and reduced the fungal growth by producing volatile metabolites. Trichoderma sp. decreased disease severity on chilli artificially inoculated fruits up to 64% when Trichoderma mycelial plug was used and 55% when culture filtrate was applied. Field trials are recommended to examine the antagonism of Trichoderma sp. in real production conditions. Keywords: Anthracnose, biological control, Colletotrichum capsici, Trichoderma sp.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DAN Trichoderma sp. Rifai. UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN PENYAKIT ANTRAKNOSA (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz.) PADA BUAH PISANG CAVENDISH

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikriyah Shofiah Mawaddah ◽  
Joko Prasetyo ◽  
Muhammad Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum gloeosporioides merupakan penyakit pascapanen penting pada buahbuahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dalam menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides secara in vitro dan mengetahui efektifitas kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. terhadap intensitas penyakit antraknosa yang disebabkan oleh C. gloeosporioides pada buah pisang cavendish. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Lampung dari bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan September 2013. Percobaan ini disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan lima ulangan, yaitu kontrol (P0), kitosan (P1), Trichoderma sp. (P2), kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. (P3) dan fungisida mankozeb (P4). C. gloeosporioides diperoleh dari isolasi buah pisang yang bergejala antraknosa. Pengujian secara in vitro, perlakuan kitosan konsentrasi 0,75% dicampurkan ke dalam media potato sukrose agar, perlakuan Trichoderma sp. (dual culture method), perlakuan kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. dengan mencampurkan kitosan pada media dan dikombinasikan dengan Trichoderma sp. (dual culture method) serta perlakuan fungisida mankozeb konsentrasi 0,1% dicampurkan ke dalam media. Metode tersebut juga digunakan untuk pengujian secara in vivo pada buah pisang. Hasil pengujian secara in vitro, perlakuan kitosan, Trichoderma sp. dan kombinasi kitosan dan Trichoderma sp. efektif menghambat pertumbuhan koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides. Pada uji in vivo, masing-masing perlakuan tidak efektif menghambat intensitas penyakit antraknosa.

scholarly journals Native Trichoderma grown on oat grains controls damping-off and enhances height in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dinnys Roese ◽  
Gloria Soriano Vidal ◽  
Erica Camila Zielinski ◽  
Louise Larissa May De Mio
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Agrosilvopastoral Systems

ABSTRACT Trichoderma is a biological control agent used to improve the resistance to diseases, which may also estimulate plant growth. Commercial products with Trichoderma are available in different countries, but most of them are based on conidial suspension. This study aimed at evaluating the efficiency of native Trichoderma populations collected from different production systems and applied to the soil by using two methods: conidial suspension and inoculated oat grains. The efficiency of native Trichoderma populations collected from conventional crop and agropastoral and agrosilvopastoral systems in a long-term field experiment was evaluated. The populations efficiencies were evaluated by in vivo tests that assessed the control of soybean damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani, plant height and soil colonization with the antagonist. In vitro tests, such as dual culture and assessment of volatile and non-volatile compounds, were conducted to study the mode of action of the populations. Some native Trichoderma populations were as efficient as those from a commercial product in all tests. Compared to conidial suspension, Trichoderma spp. inoculated through oat grains promoted a greater damping-off control, higher plants and more colony-forming units per gram of soil after 3 months of application. Native populations performed equally well or even better than the commercial strain, and the use of a substrate that supports the Trichoderma growth was more efficient than the conidial suspension method.

scholarly journals Are Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum Effective to Control Fusarium Associated With Tomato Wilt?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Wilfridus Adyatma Putranto ◽  
Rully Adi Nugroho ◽  
Petrus Sunu Hardiyanta ◽  
Desti Christian Cahyaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Tomato Wilt

The pathogenic fungi, such as Fusarium in the rhizosphere of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) negatively affects the yield and quality of the plant. A number of biological control agents have been used for protecting tomato plants against wilt diseases including various fungal species. The objective of this study was to evaluate  the antagonism effects of Trichoderma atroviride and T. harzianum against the pathogen Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt. In this study, the antagonism of these Trichoderma spp. against the Fusarium sp. was tested in vitro by the dual culture technique, and the percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) and the antagonism reaction (scale 1-5) were evaluated. The results showed that T. atroviride and T. harzianum led to 70.8% PIRG and scale 1 antagonism reaction, and  40.6% PIRG and scale 3 antagonism reaction against Fusarium sp. associated with tomato wilt after 7 days of incubation, respectively. These results indicate that application of T. atroviride and T. harzianum may be promising approach for biological control of Fusarium wilt of tomato and may play an important role in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Potency of Endophyte Microbes as an Antagonistic Agent for Colletotrichum capsici Causes Anthracnose Disease in Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frustescens)

el–Hayah ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Zahroul Afifah ◽  
Ulfah Utami
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Anthracnose Disease ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

Background: An anthracnose disease caused by pathogenic fungal Colletotrichum capsici has been attacking the cayenne plants either harvested or has not been harvested. This disease must be handled appropriately and quickly because it can reduce the production of chili up to 90%. Recently, anthracnose disease prevention still use chemical fungicide that if applied for long time will cause new impact for environment. Objective: Trichoderma and Bacillus cereus endophytes may be used as antagonistic agents for C. capsici pathogens because they have various antibiotic compounds. Methods: This research uses experimental method. The stages of this study include sterilization of tools and materials, preparation of culture media of fungal and bacteria, rejuvenation of endophytic microbe culture Trichoderma sp. and Bacillus cereus, rejuvenation of  C. capsici pathogen, antagonistic test in vitro using dual culture method. Result and conclusion: The results of in vitro antagonistic tests showed that inhibition percentage of Trichoderma treatment (96%) and combination treatment Trichoderma and B. cereus (97%) is not significantly different. While in B. cereus treatment (11, 88%) significantly different with all of treatments. Endophytes are shown by its dominating growth in petri dishes than C. capsici pathogen or B. cereus endophytes. Furthermore,for endophytes Trichoderma sp continued on in vivo test because it was most effective.The result for incubation period is 3 days after inoculation compared with negative control 2 days. For disease incidence 100%, and for disease intensity that is 61,25% compared with negative control equal to 88,75%.

scholarly journals ATIVIDADE DE BIOEXTRATOS NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PHOMOPSIS PHASEOLI VAR. SOJAE, FUSARIUM SP. E NO TRATAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE SOJA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 457
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Pascuali ◽  
José Wilson Pires Carvalho ◽  
Aniele Arvani Souza ◽  
Larissa Regina Ballerini Gonçales ◽  
Armando da Silva Filho
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Phomopsis Phaseoli

As doenças de plantas são responsáveis por perdas econômicas em todos os cultivos, afetam as plantas no campo e as sementes durante o armazenamento. Diferentes técnicas de controle de patógenos são utilizadas para minimizar impactos negativos, entre elas têm-se usado bioextratos, os quais se apresentam como alternativas desejáveis comparados ao controle químico convencional. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar a atividade antifúngica in vitro e in vivo de extratos de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.), cipreste (Cupressus sp.) e tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.), alho (Allium sativum L.) cebola (Allium cepa L.) e gengibre (Zingiber officinalis L.) com diferentes processos de elaboração, contra Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae, Fusarium sp., e a influência na germinação e no vigor de sementes de soja. Os bioextratos foram preparados utilizando-se 40 g de plantas (in natura e seco a 55± 2°C) e solução água-metanol (1:3). Os extratos, após filtrados e evaporado o álcool, foram divididos em duas frações, uma delas foi autoclavada e ambas aplicadas nos isolados de culturas puras e diretamente nas sementes de soja. A secagem promoveu melhora na eficiência dos bioextratos de alho, cebola e gengibre no controle in vitro de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae enquanto que os de cipestre e pinhão manso foram menos efetivos. A autoclavagem resultou em perda da capacidade fungitóxica do bioextrato de alho, enquanto no de cebola afetou negativamente o vigor das sementes a 10% v/v. O extrato de alho seco não autoclavado controlou eficientemente o desenvolvimento de Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae in vitro. Os demais bioextratos não apresentaram eficiência significativa no controle dos patógenos. Todos os bioextratos conferiram à semente de soja índice de germinação inferior quando comparado ao tratamento com Carbendazin+Tiran. O bioextrato de cebola, gengibre ambos in natura não autoclavado e de tiririca desidratada não autoclavado melhoraram significativamente o percentual de plântulas normais, comparado à testemunha. Entretanto, os bioextratos não diminuíram a contaminação das sementes por Fusarium spp. e Phomopsis phaseoli var. sojae. Portanto, o processo de autoclavagem é uma etapa importante podendo afetar de maneira diferente a eficiência dos bioextratos estudados, assim como o processo de secagem da matéria vegetal antes da preparação dos bioextratos.

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN BIOFUNGISIDA BERBAHAN AKTIF Trichoderma spp. UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT BUSUK BUAH KAKAO

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Winda Nawfetrias ◽  
Eka Nurhangga ◽  
Sutardjo .
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Cocoa Production ◽  
Black Pod

Cocoa black pod rot is caused by pathogenic fungi, Phytophtora palmivora, which decrease the cocoa production up to 90%. The use of biological control agents, Trichoderma spp., is one of the promising P. palmivora controllers since it is low-cost, easily found and safe for the environment. The aims of this research were to understand the compatibility, antagonistic and effectiveness of biofungicide containing active ingredient of Trichoderma spp. against P. palmivora in vitro and to test the effective concentration of biofungicide containing active ingredient of T. asperellum to control P. palmivora in vitro and in vivo. T. asperellum, T. harzianum, and T. viride were grown together on PDA medium to test their compatibility. Antagonistic and effectiveness test of Trichoderma spp. against P. palmivora were tested using the in vitro dual culture method. The effectiveness of T. asperellum biofungicide was tested in vivo on cocoa pot. Compatibility test showed that all three species were compatible and the best effectiveness showed by the combination of T. asperellum and T. viride. The result also showed that T. asperellum biofungicide had an ability to inhibit P. palmivora.   Keywords: Trichoderma spp., effectivity, compatibility, antagonistic, biofungicide  ABSTRAKPenyakit busuk buah kakao disebabkan cendawan patogen Phytophtora palmivora, yang dapat menurunkan produksi kakao sampai 90%. Penggunaan agensia pengendali hayati (APH), Trichoderma spp., merupakan salah satu pengendalian P. palmivora yang menjanjikan karena murah, mudah didapat dan aman terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kesesuaian, antagonistik, dan efektivitas biofungisida berbahan aktif Trichoderma spp. secara in vitro. Di samping itu juga bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi efektif biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum untuk mengendalikan P. palmivora secara in vitro dan in vivo. T. asperellum, T. harzianum, dan T. viride, ditumbuhkan bersama pada media PDA untuk mengetahui kesesuaian antarspesies. Antagonistik dan efektivitas Trichoderma spp. terhadap P. palmivora secara in vitro diuji menggunakan metode dual culture. Biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum diuji efektivitasnya secara in vivo pada buah kakao. Hasil uji kesesuaian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga spesies yang diuji berkesesuaian dan efektifitas terbaik ditunjukkan pada kombinasi T. asperellum dan T. viride. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa biofungisida berbahan aktif T. asperellum dengan konsentrasi tertinggi terbukti dapat menghambat pertumbuhan P. palmivora.Kata kunci: Trichoderma spp., efektivitas, kesesuaian, antagonis, biofungisida

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