scholarly journals Optimal Transport Networks in Spatial Equilibrium

Econometrica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1411-1452
Author(s):  
Pablo D. Fajgelbaum ◽  
Edouard Schaal
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
The Road ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
Optimal Investments

We study optimal transport networks in spatial equilibrium. We develop a framework consisting of a neoclassical trade model with labor mobility in which locations are arranged on a graph. Goods must be shipped through linked locations, and transport costs depend on congestion and on the infrastructure in each link, giving rise to an optimal transport problem in general equilibrium. The optimal transport network is the solution to a social planner's problem of building infrastructure in each link. We provide conditions such that this problem is globally convex, guaranteeing its numerical tractability. We also study cases with increasing returns to transport technologies in which global convexity fails. We apply the framework to assess optimal investments and inefficiencies in the road networks of European countries.

scholarly journals Optimal Transport Networks in Spatial Equilibrium

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Fajgelbaum ◽  
Edouard Schaal
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Transport Networks

scholarly journals Transportation Planning with Minimal Costs

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Khizhnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Linear Programming ◽  
Optimal Transport ◽  
Classical Problem ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Total Transport ◽  
Transport Plan

In this paper, the classical problem of optimal transport plan is considered taking into account the capacity of certain sections of the transport network. Let vpq units of goods be delivered from point p to point q. At thesame time, each section of the transport network has a limited capacity, which is expressed in a certain volume of goods that can be passed through it per unit of time. The goal is to distribute goods flows along different routes in such a way that all transport needs are completely satisfied, the roads are not overloaded, and at the same time the total transport costs (for example, in the form of fuel consumption,time costs, etc.) reach their minimum. It should be noted that without restrictions on capacity, the task is solved trivially: it is necessary to distribute all transportation from point p to point q on the shortest route. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of the transport network is formulated. It is proposed to reduce the solution of the this problem to the solution of the linear programming problem. As a result, we propose an algorithm for planning transportation in such a way that the total costs will be the lowest. In addition, one of the algorithm steps required solving the problem of finding the k-th path along the length between 2 nodes. To solve this problem, the corresponding algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is recursive.

Conflict and Policy in General Equilibrium: Insights from a Standard Trade Model

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Dal Bó ◽  
Pedro Dal Bó
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Model

scholarly journals Evaluating Performance of Public Transport Networks by Using Public Transport Criteria Matrix Analytic Hierarchy Process Models—Case Study of Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn Public Transport Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6949
Author(s):  
Gang Lin ◽  
Shaoli Wang ◽  
Conghua Lin ◽  
Linshan Bu ◽  
Honglei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Performance Standards ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Ahp Model

To mitigate car traffic problems, the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) issued a document that provides guidelines for sustainable development and the promotion of public transport. The efficiency of the policies and strategies needs to be evaluated to improve the performance of public transportation networks. To assess the performance of a public transport network, it is first necessary to select evaluation criteria. Based on existing indicators, this research proposes a public transport criteria matrix that includes the basic public transport infrastructure level, public transport service level, economic benefit level, and sustainable development level. A public transport criteria matrix AHP model is established to assess the performance of public transport networks. The established model selects appropriate evaluation criteria based on existing performance standards. It is applied to study the Stonnington, Bayswater, and Cockburn public transport network, representing a series of land use and transport policy backgrounds. The local public transport authorities can apply the established transport criteria matrix AHP model to monitor the performance of a public transport network and provide guidance for its improvement.

The Role of Politics in the Historical Transport Networks of the Iberian Peninsula and the Pyrenees from Roman Times to the Nineteenth Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-260
Author(s):  
Pau de Soto ◽  
Cèsar Carreras
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractTransport routes are basic elements that are inextricably linked to diverse political, economic, and social factors. Transport networks may be the cause or result of complex historical conjunctions that reflect to some extent a structural conception of the political systems that govern each territory. It is for this reason that analyzing the evolution of the transport routes layout in a wide territory allows us to recognize the role of the political organization and its economic influence in territorial design. In this article, the evolution of the transport network in the Iberian Peninsula has been studied in a broad chronological framework to observe how the different political systems of each period understood and modified the transport systems. Subsequently, a second analysis of the evolution of transport networks in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula is included in this article. This more detailed and geographically restricted study allows us to visualize in a different way the evolution and impact of changes in transport networks. This article focuses on the calculation of the connectivity to analyze the intermodal transport systems. The use of network science analyses to study historical roads has resulted in a great tool to visualize and understand the connectivity of the territories of each studied period and compare the evolution, changes, and continuities of the transport network.

Comment on “Urban Concentration: The Role of Increasing Returns and Transport Costs,” by Krugman

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 270-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vernon Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Urban Concentration

LIGHT REGULATION SYSTEMS IMPROVEMENT ANALYSIS TO FORECAST THE TRANSPORT FLOWS IN ALMATY

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-304
Author(s):  
Assel Aliyadynovna Sailau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Light Regulation ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Telematics

The number of vehicles on the roads of Almaty, Kazakhstan is growing from year to year. This brings about an increasing intensity and density of traffic flows in the streets which leads to congestion, decreasing speed of the traffic flow, increasing environmental pollution caused by car emissions, and which can potentially lead to the road traffic accidents (RTA), including fatalities. While the number of injuries grows up mainly due to drivers’ non-compliance with the speed limit, the environmental pollution is caused by longer traffic jams. Therefore, to reduce the level of road traffic injuries and emissions into the environment it is necessary to ensure the uniform movement of traffic flows in cities. Currently, one of the effective ways to do it is the use of transport telematics systems, in particular, control systems for road signs, road boards and traffic lights. The paper presents an analysis of existing systems and methods of traffic light regulation. The  analyses of the systems and methods are based on the use of homogeneous data, that is the data on standard parameters of traffic flows. The need in collecting and analyzing additional semi-structured data on the factors that have a significant impact on the traffic flows parameters in cities is shown as well. The work is dedicated to solving the problem of analysis and forecast of traffic flows in the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan. GPS data on the location of individual vehicles is used as the initial data for solving this problem. By projecting the obtained information onto the graph of the city's transport network, as well as using additional filtering, it is possible to obtain an estimate of individual parameters of traffic flows. These parameters are used for short-term forecast of the changes in the city's transport network.

A New Dynamic Trade Model of Increasing Returns and Monopolistic Competition

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Kikuchi ◽  
Koji Shimomura
Keyword(s):  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Increasing Returns ◽  
Trade Model

scholarly journals Optimization of Stochastic Lossy Transport Networks and Applications to Power Grids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Zocca ◽  
Bert Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Performance Gain ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Transport Networks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Stochastic Load

Motivated by developments in renewable energy and smart grids, we formulate a stylized mathematical model of a transport network with stochastic load fluctuations. Using an affine control rule, we explore the trade-off between the number of controllable resources in a lossy transport network and the performance gain they yield in terms of expected power losses. Our results are explicit and reveal the interaction between the level of flexibility, the intrinsic load uncertainty, and the network structure.

scholarly journals Consolidation of Cargos in the Road Transport as a Key Method to Success

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. A54-A61
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Łukasik ◽  
Aldona Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska ◽  
Jacek Kozyra ◽  
Sylwia Olszańska
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Whole Process

The problem of consolidation of goods for the provider of logistic services, which is a third part that delivers goods from many suppliers to one business client in time horizon was analysed in this article. Every parcel has a fixed date of reception in the source and delivery schedule in a destination. In the age of highly developed economy, time pressure and costs, outsourcing is a condition necessary to improve the functioning of enterprises. New logistic chains, networks of terminals and intermodal connections are built every year to reduce the transport costs and improve the whole process. In this article, the authors presented the benefits resulting from consolidation of cargos in the road transport. Special emphasis was put on determination of the role of the transport costs reduction using the cargo consolidation services.

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