scholarly journals Catalyst-free production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. e398
Author(s):  
C. Silva ◽  
T.A.S. Colonelli ◽  
C.P. Trentini ◽  
N. Postaue ◽  
D.A. Zempulski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Mass Ratio

In this study, the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from macauba pulp oil and pressurized ethanol was investigated. The experiments were conducted without the addition of catalyst, at 20 MPa, to determine the effect of temperature (200 to 300 °C) and the oil to ethanol mass ratio (1:1 and 1:2) on the FAEE content and different residence times (10 to 45 min). The effect of the addition of n-hexane to the oil (20 wt%) as a co-solvent was also evaluated. The use of high temperatures (275 and 300 °C) resulted in high FAEE content (∼90%). Increasing the amount of ethanol in the reaction medium contributed to the formation of esters only at operating temperatures of 200 to 250 °C. It was also observed that with the addition of co-solvent (in the oil) it was possible to obtain high amounts of FAEE in a shorter reaction time. In addition, a low content of unreacted compounds (∼8.0%) and the conversion of ∼90 and 99% of the free fatty acids and triglycerides were observed, respectively.

Rapid in vivo hydrolysis of fatty acid ethyl esters, toxic nonoxidative ethanol metabolites

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. G184-G190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saghir ◽  
J. Werner ◽  
M. Laposata
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethanol Ingestion ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), esterification products of fatty acids and ethanol, are in use as fatty acid supplements, but they also have been implicated as toxic mediators of ethanol ingestion. We hypothesized that hydrolysis of orally ingested FAEE occurs in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and in the blood to explain their apparent lack of toxicity. To study the in vivo inactivation of FAEE by hydrolysis to free fatty acids and ethanol, we assessed the hydrolysis of FAEE administered as an oil directly into the rat stomach and when injected within the core of low-density lipoprotein particles into the circulation of rats. Our studies demonstrate that FAEE are rapidly degraded to free fatty acids and ethanol in the GI tract at the level of the duodenum with limited hydrolysis in the stomach. In addition, FAEE are rapidly degraded in the circulation, with a half-life of only 58 s. Thus the degradation of FAEE in the GI tract and in the blood provides an explanation for the apparent lack of toxicity of orally ingested FAEE.

Fatty acids, alcohol and fatty acid ethyl esters: Toxic Ca2+ signal generation and pancreatitis

Cell Calcium ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.H. Petersen ◽  
A.V. Tepikin ◽  
Julia V. Gerasimenko ◽  
O.V. Gerasimenko ◽  
R. Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Signal Generation

scholarly journals An Efficient Catalyst Prepared from Residual Kaolin for the Esterification of Distillate from the Deodorization of Palm Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Alex de Nazaré de de Oliveira ◽  
Irlon Maciel Ferreira ◽  
David Esteban Quintero Jimenez ◽  
Fernando Batista Neves ◽  
Linéia Soares da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Efficient Catalyst ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
By Products

The distillate from the deodorization of palm oil (DDPO) is an agro-industrial residue, approximately 84% of which consists of free fatty acids (FFAs), which can be used for the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE). A catalyst (10HPMo/AlSiM) obtained from a waste material, Amazon flint kaolin, was applied in the esterification of the DDPO, reaching a conversion index of 94%, capable of maintaining satisfactory activity (>75%) after four consecutive cycles. Flint kaolin is therefore proven to be an efficient option in the search for new heterogeneous low-cost catalysts obtained from industrial by-products, contributing to the reduction of environmental impact and adding value to widely available wastes that would otherwise be discarded directly into the environment. Based on the catalytic results, esterification of DDPO using 10HPMo/AlSiM can be a cheaper alternative for the production of sustainable fuels.

scholarly journals Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters Are Less Toxic Than Their Parent Fatty Acids Generated during Acute Pancreatitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 186 (4) ◽  
pp. 874-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krutika Patel ◽  
Chandra Durgampudi ◽  
Pawan Noel ◽  
Ram N. Trivedi ◽  
Cristiane de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters ◽  
Ethyl Esters
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