scholarly journals Northern Bobwhite Occupancy Patterns on Multiple Spatial Scales Across Arkansas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellery V. Lassiter ◽  
Marcus Asher ◽  
Grace Christie ◽  
Connor Gale ◽  
Andrhea Massey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
State Level ◽  
Northern Bobwhite ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
The State ◽  
Ouachita Mountains ◽  
Priority Areas ◽  
Human Land Use

Northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus populations have been rapidly declining in the eastern, central, and southern United States for decades. Declines have been driven by land use change and an incompatibility between northern bobwhite resource needs and human land use practices. Here, we applied occupancy analyses on two spatial scales (state-level and ecoregion-level) to more than 5,000 northern bobwhite surveys conducted over six years across the entire state of Arkansas to explore patterns in occupancy and land use variables, and to identify priority areas for management and conservation. At the state level, northern bobwhite occupied 29% of sites and northern bobwhite were most likely to occur in areas with a high percentage of early successional habitat (grassland, pasture, and shrubland). The statewide model predicted that northern bobwhite were likely to occur (≥75% predicted occupancy) in <20% of the state. Arkansas is comprised of five distinct ecoregions, and analyses at the ecoregion spatial scale showed that habitat associations of northern bobwhite could vary between ecoregions. For example, northern bobwhite occupancy in both the Arkansas River Valley and Ozark Mountains ecoregions was best predicted by early successional habitat, but was further refined by other habitat associations such as the proportion of herbaceous habitat and hay-pasture habitat, respectively. Contrastingly, northern bobwhite occupancy in the Ouachita Mountains ecoregion was best predicted by richness of landcover classes alone. Ecoregion-level models were thus more discerning than the state level model and should be more helpful to managers in identifying priority conservation areas. However, in 2 of 5 ecoregions, northern bobwhite were too rarely encountered to accurately predict their occurrence. We found that likely occupied northern bobwhite habitat lay primarily on private properties (95%), but that numerous public entities own and manage land identified as suitable or likely occupied. We conclude that management of northern bobwhite in Arkansas could benefit from cooperation among state, federal, and military partners, as well as surrounding private landowners and that ecoregion-specific models may be more useful in identifying priority areas for management. Our approach incorporates multiple landscape scales when using remote sensing technology in conjunction with monitoring data and could have important application for the management of northern bobwhite and other grassland bird species.

scholarly journals Ecological traits affect the response of tropical forest bird species to land-use intensity

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1750) ◽  
pp. 20122131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Newbold ◽  
Jörn P. W. Scharlemann ◽  
Stuart H. M. Butchart ◽  
Çağan H. Şekercioğlu ◽  
Rob Alkemade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Average Probability ◽  
Land Use Intensity Gradient

Land-use change is one of the main drivers of current and likely future biodiversity loss. Therefore, understanding how species are affected by it is crucial to guide conservation decisions. Species respond differently to land-use change, possibly related to their traits. Using pan-tropical data on bird occurrence and abundance across a human land-use intensity gradient, we tested the effects of seven traits on observed responses. A likelihood-based approach allowed us to quantify uncertainty in modelled responses, essential for applying the model to project future change. Compared with undisturbed habitats, the average probability of occurrence of bird species was 7.8 per cent and 31.4 per cent lower, and abundance declined by 3.7 per cent and 19.2 per cent in habitats with low and high human land-use intensity, respectively. Five of the seven traits tested affected the observed responses significantly: long-lived, large, non-migratory, primarily frugivorous or insectivorous forest specialists were both less likely to occur and less abundant in more intensively used habitats than short-lived, small, migratory, non-frugivorous/insectivorous habitat generalists. The finding that species responses to land use depend on their traits is important for understanding ecosystem functioning, because species' traits determine their contribution to ecosystem processes. Furthermore, the loss of species with particular traits might have implications for the delivery of ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Spatial Dimensions of Economic Growth in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Mendes Resende
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Spatially Correlated ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

The contribution of this paper is to explore time and spatial scale dimensions of economic growth in Brazil using alternative panel data techniques to provide a measure of the extent of spatial autocorrelation (in kilometres) over three decades (1970–2000) as well as discussing the determinants of economic growth at a variety of geographic scales (minimum comparable areas, micro-regions, meso-regions, and states). The magnitude and statistical significance of growth determinants such as schooling, population density, population growth, and transportation costs are dependent on the scale of analysis. Moreover, the extent of residual spatial autocorrelation showed that it seems to vary across spatial scales. Indeed, spatial autocorrelation seems to be bounded at the state level and it shows positive and statistically significant values across distances of more than 1,500 kilometres at the other three spatial scales. Among other results, the study suggests that the nonspatial panel data techniques are not able to deal with spatially correlated omitted variables across different spatial scales, except for the state level where nonspatial panel data models seem to be appropriate to investigate growth determinants and convergence process in the Brazilian states case.

scholarly journals Several Aspects of Digital Transformation in State Administration of Rational Agricultural Land Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3C) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
State Administration

The concept of land management and rational land use is defined. The influence of digitization on the state administration of rational use of agricultural land is investigated. The analysis of the development of electronic administrative services in the field of land relations of Ukraine on the principle of its extraterritoriality is carried out. Modern ways of counteracting irrational conduct of agrarian activity on the state level have been revealed. Methods of stimulating responsible use of land resources by agricultural producers are investigated. The problems of environmental management at the level of economic entities are explored that mainly covers the principles, peculiarities of positioning and the importance of prudent use of agricultural land. The necessity of fixing the principles of stimulating the process of efficient and environmentally friendly land use in the agricultural sphere on the state level is substantiated. Keywords: digitalization, digital technologies, environmental management, state administration, rational use of land resources.

Management Application of an Agent-Based Model: Control of Cowbirds at the Landscape Scale

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Harper ◽  
James D. Westervelt
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Fort Hood ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Military Installation ◽  
Feeding Habitat ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Negative Impacts

Brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) has negative impacts on a large number of songbird species. Cowbirds are obligate brood parasites, meaning that females lay their eggs in the nests of other species and do not provide care to their offspring. Parasitism by cowbirds often results in reduced reproductive success for the host, sometimes to the exclusion of fledging any of their own young. Clearly parasitism by cowbirds can have a substantial impact on the population dynamics of the host species. Over 200 species of birds are known to be parasitized by cowbirds. Cowbirds breed in shrublands and forests, and especially parasitize host nests located near ecotones, or borders between habitat types. Human land use in general may promote the success of cowbirds; landscapes with forest openings, clearcuts, small tracts of forests, and large amounts of habitat edge have higher parasitism rates than do landscapes with contiguous forest tracts. Cowbirds readily forage in feedlots, overgrazed pastures, and grasslands, and the expansion of agricultural land use over the past century has provided abundant feeding habitat for cowbirds. Large increases in the numbers of cowbirds have been documented and this increase has been implicated as one factor responsible for the decline of a large number of passerines. Compounding their impact is the fact that cowbirds can affect host populations over broad spatial scales. Because they do not protect their young or a nest, they can range large distances in search of suitable feeding areas; researchers have reported maximum daily movements from 7 to 13 km for cowbirds (Rothstein et al., Cook et al., respectively). At Fort Hood, a U.S. Army military installation located in central Texas, cowbirds parasitize the nests of numerous songbird species, including those of the black-capped vireo ( Vireo atricapillus) and the golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia), two federally endangered species. The black-capped vireo appears to be particularly vulnerable to parasitism. Once her nest is parasitized, a host female often abandons it. The female may then attempt to renest but, when cowbirds are abundant, this nest is also likely to be parasitized.

scholarly journals Correlates of Habitat Fragmentation and Northern Bobwhite Abundance in the Gulf Prairie Landscape Conservation Cooperative

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine S. Miller ◽  
Leonard A. Brennan ◽  
Humberto L. Perotto-Baldivieso ◽  
F. Hernández ◽  
Eric D. Grahmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Northern Bobwhite ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Road Density ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Woody Cover

Abstract The northern bobwhite Colinus virginianus has experienced range-wide declines over the past several decades, primarily due to habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. As northern bobwhite populations continue to decline, there is a need for studies that address the impact of habitat changes on population persistence at multiple spatial scales. Our goal was to assess changes in habitat and land use related to northern bobwhite declines across multiple spatial scales in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. We determined northern bobwhite trends for 1972–2012 using Breeding Bird Survey data. At the regional scale, we compared northern bobwhite population trends with road density (2000, 2012), human population (1970–2010), and land use (1974–2012). At the county and local scales, we compared class-level landscape metrics between counties with stable and declining northern bobwhite abundances using Student's t-tests. Northern bobwhite populations decreased from 45.95 ± 1.01 birds/route in 1970 to 11.55 ± 0.64 birds/route in 2012. Road density and human population increased by 3,331.32 ± 66.28 m/km2 and 42,873 ± 8,687 people/county, respectively. Percent pasture and rangeland was relatively stable, as was percent woodland. Alternatively, the percentage of other land (houses, roads, wasteland) increased. At the county scale, Texas and Oklahoma counties with declining northern bobwhite populations had higher road densities, larger patches of pasture, smaller patches of woodland, and larger patches of cropland compared with stable populations. At the local scale, Texas and Oklahoma counties with declining northern bobwhite populations had less woody cover in smaller patches, and fewer but larger patches of herbaceous and bare ground, compared with populations with stable abundance. Therefore, managers can provide woody cover and reduce cropland effects at the local scale to support stable quail populations; however, the large-scale drivers of northern bobwhite decline, which are human population growth and resulting habitat loss, will be an important aspect of northern bobwhite conservation and management in the future.

The Dead, Place/Space, and Social Activism: Constructing the Nationscape in Historic Melaka

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn L Cartier
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Social Activism ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
State Level ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
A Site ◽  
Historic Landscape

In Malaysia under state-led economic restructuring, government interventions in cultural heritage landscapes reflect divergent priorities between local place-based conservation interests and forces of political and economic restructuring at broader spatial scales. I examine a major land-use conflict, between economic development interests and a grass-roots preservation movement with links to the national opposition party, to assess how preservation activists mobilised place-based constructions of cultural identity and representations of state nationalism to halt development plans for a historic landscape, These issues arc examined by negotiating the relationship between locally based cultures of place, and political and economic forces seeking to appropriate space, in a piece of historic land in Melaka, Malaysia. I work through two lines of approach. The theoretical framework applies Lefebvre's work on spatial processes and spatial categories to conceptualise the significance of the historic landscape, and utilises Merrifield's reading of Lefebvre to write between the place—space dualism. A social construction approach is adopted to demonstrate how people actively create meaning about place in space, and work out the dialectic of preservationist intervention between local and state-level land-use goals. The social construction approach shows how cultural identity may be place based, and therefore the basis of a powerful localised social movement. Through the movement generated by this debate, a monumental traditional Chinese burial ground became local park and ‘nationscape’, a site-specific distillation of half a millenium of Malaysian history.

Land use, water and Mediterranean landscapes: modelling long-term dynamics of complex socio-ecological systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1931) ◽  
pp. 5275-5297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Barton ◽  
Isaac I. Ullah ◽  
Sean Bergin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Human Land Use ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Mediterranean Landscapes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The evolution of Mediterranean landscapes during the Holocene has been increasingly governed by the complex interactions of water and human land use. Different land-use practices change the amount of water flowing across the surface and infiltrating the soil, and change water’s ability to move surface sediments. Conversely, water amplifies the impacts of human land use and extends the ecological footprint of human activities far beyond the borders of towns and fields. Advances in computational modelling offer new tools to study the complex feedbacks between land use, land cover, topography and surface water. The Mediterranean Landscape Dynamics project (MedLand) is building a modelling laboratory where experiments can be carried out on the long-term impacts of agropastoral land use, and whose results can be tested against the archaeological record. These computational experiments are providing new insights into the socio-ecological consequences of human decisions at varying temporal and spatial scales.

scholarly journals Shrinking Net Sown Area: An Analysis of Changing Land Use Pattern in Bihar

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. SINGH ◽  
D. K. SINHA ◽  
NASIM AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
State Level ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Use Pattern ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Sown Area

Land is vital natural resource for any developmental activity. Bihar shares about 8.63% of the total population in the country while the share in total land area of India is only 2.86%. Bihar has been divided into three agro-climatic zones such as Zone-I, Zone-II and Zone-III.The study reveals that the net sown area has declined both on zonal level and also at state level. Decline in net sown area in agro-climatic zone-III of the state is more pronounced than that of zone-I and zone-II. Being centre of the state, urbanization has taken place in faster way in the zone-III. The other reasons for changes undergoing in land use pattern may be increasing population, fragmentation of land holdings and declining water table in this region. Zone-I and zone-II come under flood prone area, farmers put their land as current fallow due to devastating flood threat causing damage to their crops. Land under trees and groves have also witnessed positive percentage change over the decade and also in growth rate, this may be the other reason for decline in net sown area in the state. Shrinking of net sown area is of great concern to feed the up warding growth of population. Motivating farmers to increase productivity to protect growing population and serving their demand for food and nutritional security keeping in mind the fast changing climatic conditions all over the world and protecting wasteful and careless use of natural resources for betterment of coming generation.

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