scholarly journals Effects of Fencing for 7 Years on the Regeneration of Tree Species after Dwarf Bamboo on the Forest Floor Has Been Diminished by Sika Deer Browsing.

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Deer Browsing

Habitat use and the coexistence of the sika deer and the Japanese serow, sympatric ungulates from Mt. Asama, central Japan

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 503-511
Author(s):  
Hayato Takada ◽  
Riki Ohuchi ◽  
Haruko Watanabe ◽  
Risako Yano ◽  
Risako Miyaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Sika Deer ◽  
Cervus Nippon ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Habitat Mosaic ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Japanese Serow

AbstractDifferential resource use allows for diverse species to specialize in ecological niches and thus coexist in a particular area. In the Japanese archipelago, increasing sika deer (Cervus nippon, Temminck 1836) densities have excluded the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus, Temminck 1836), but in places where deer population densities are low, the two species coexist. We wanted to better understand their habitats and how these two ungulates manage to coexist. We evaluated the role of habitat use in the coexistence of these two sympatric ungulates on Mt. Asama, central Japan. Deer frequently used the dwarf bamboo-rich communities in autumn and winter, and their habitat use was not associated with topography. Serows frequently used deciduous broadleaf shrub-rich communities and steep slopes throughout the year. Consequently, their habitat use was significantly different in terms of vegetation and topography. Niche breadth suggests that deer tend to be generalists, whereas serows tend to be specialists. Niche differentiation in habitat use between deer and serows may make the coexistence of these similarly sized ungulates possible in Japanese mountainous zones. Therefore, the fine-grained habitat mosaic of different vegetation and topography areas might be the underlying feature that allows the coexistence of these two species.

scholarly journals Effect of tree species identity and related habitat parameters on understorey bryophytes – interrelationships between bryophyte, soil and tree factors in a 50-year-old experimental forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Rola ◽  
Vítězslav Plášek ◽  
Katarzyna Rożek ◽  
Szymon Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Habitat Factors ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Habitat Parameters

Abstract Aim Overstorey tree species influence both soil properties and microclimate conditions in the forest floor, which in turn can induce changes in ground bryophyte communities. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of tree species identity and the most important habitat factors influencing understorey bryophytes. Methods We assessed the effect of 14 tree species and related habitat parameters, including soil parameters, vascular plant presence and light intensity on bryophytes in monospecific plots covered by nearly fifty-year-old trees in the Siemianice Experimental Forest (Poland). Results The canopy tree species determined bryophyte species richness and cover. The strongest differences were observed between plots with deciduous and coniferous trees. Soils with a more acidic pH and lower content of macronutrients supported larger bryophyte coverage. We also found a positive correlations between vascular plants and availability of light as well as bryophyte species richness. Conclusion Tree species identity and differences in habitat conditions in the forest floor lead to changes of ground bryophyte richness, cover and species composition. Consequently, the changes in the dominant tree species in the stand may result in significant repercussions on ground bryophyte communities. We indicated that the introduction of alien tree species, i.e. Quercus rubra, has an adverse effect on bryophyte communities and suggested that the selection of tree species that contribute to the community consistent with the potential natural vegetation is highly beneficial for maintaining ground bryophyte biodiversity.

Holocene history of intentional fires and grassland development on the Soni Plateau, Central Japan, reconstructed from phytolith and macroscopic charcoal records within cumulative soils, combined with paleoenvironmental data from mire sediments

The Holocene ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 793-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Okunaka ◽  
Tatsuichiro Kawano ◽  
Jun Inoue
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Central Japan ◽  
Short Cell ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Bulliform Cell ◽  
History Of ◽  
Plateau Central ◽  
Macroscopic Charcoal

Phytolith and macroscopic charcoal in cumulative soils on the Soni Plateau, Central Japan, were evaluated to clarify the Holocene history of intentional fires and grassland development, and to compare the findings with those derived from pollen and charcoal records in sediments taken from a nearby mire in the previous study. Prior to ~1500 cal. BP, Bambusoid short-cell phytoliths and Pleioblastus-type and Bambusoideae-type bulliform cell phytoliths were abundant with scarce charcoal particles (<1000 particles/cm3). In contrast, since ~1500 cal. BP Andropogoneae-type bulliform cell phytoliths and Bilobate short-cell phytoliths were dominant with abundant charcoal particles (>1000 particles/cm3). Based on correlating these records with pollen and charcoal records in mire sediments, prior to ~1500 cal. BP, dwarf bamboo flourished on the forest floor under largely fire-free conditions, whereas since ~1500 cal. BP, grassland dominated by Japanese pampas grass has been sustained by periodic intentional burning that has continued until the present day.

scholarly journals Does Mixing Tree Species Affect Water Storage Capacity of the Forest Floor? Laboratory Test of Pine-Oak and Fir-Beech Litter Layers

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
Anna Ilek ◽  
Małgorzata Szostek ◽  
Anna Mikołajczyk ◽  
Marta Rajtar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Pine Needles ◽  
Litter Layer ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Organic Debris

During the last decade, tree species mixing has been widely supported as a silvicultural approach to reduce drought stress. However, little is known on the influence of tree species mixing on physical properties and the water storage capacity of forest soils (including the forest floor). Thus, the study aimed to analyze the effect of mixing pine needles and oak leaves and mixing fir needles and beech leaves on hydro-physical properties of the litter layer during laboratory tests. We used fir-beech and pine-oak litter containing various shares of conifer needles (i.e., 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100%) to determine the influence of the needle admixture on bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, water storage capacity, the amount of water stored in pores between organic debris and the degree of saturation of mixed litter compared to broadleaf litter (oak or beech). We found that the admixture of fir needles increased the bulk density of litter from 7.9% with a 5% share of needles to 55.5% with a 50% share (compared to pure beech litter), while the share of pine needles < 40% caused a decrease in bulk density by an average of 3.0–11.0% (compared to pure oak litter). Pine needles decreased the water storage capacity of litter by about 13–14% with the share of needles up to 10% and on average by 28% with the 40 and 50% shares of pine needles in the litter layer. Both conifer admixtures reduced the amount of water stored in the pores between organic debris (pine needles more than fir needles).

Factors influencing early vegetation establishment following soil scarification in a mixed forest in northern Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Yoshida ◽  
Yoko Iga ◽  
Megumi Ozawa ◽  
Mahoko Noguchi ◽  
Hideaki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Northern Japan

Scarification is widely conducted in northern Japan to remove understory dwarf bamboo species in degraded forests for replacement with tree species. To explore ways to enhance species diversity and restoration of mixed forest at the treated site, we clarified the mechanisms that lead to compositional heterogeneity of plant species. We evaluated the relative importance of environmental factors (scarification properties, soil properties, light conditions, litter cover, and presence of canopy trees) for the demography of tall tree species (emergence, mortality, and growth) and whole vegetation structure (species diversity and composition) over the two growing seasons immediately following scarification. Of tall tree species, Betula spp. were dominant (60% in total density), followed by Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters, Acer mono Maxim., and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Light intensity was an important factor, having mostly negative effects on the demography of these species. Soil factors (e.g., nitrogen content, moisture) affected the demography mainly of shade-intolerant or hygrophilous species. In general, extreme environmental conditions led to the dominance of grasses, forbs, and lianas rather than tall trees. Maintenance of canopy cover, which limits light and supplies seeds as well as litter, proved to be most important in promoting plant species diversification on the scarification site.

scholarly journals Leaf and Crown Optical Properties of Five Early-, Mid- and Late-Successional Temperate Tree Species and Their Relation to Sapling Light Demand

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Hagemeier ◽  
Christoph Leuschner
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Minimum Light ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Shade Leaves

The optical properties of leaves and canopies determine the availability of radiation for photosynthesis and the penetration of light through tree canopies. How leaf absorptance, reflectance and transmittance and radiation transmission through tree canopies change with forest succession is not well understood. We measured the leaf optical properties in the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) range of five Central European early-, mid- and late-successional temperate broadleaf tree species and studied the minimum light demand of the lowermost shade leaves and of the species’ offspring. Leaf absorptance in the 350–720 nm range varied between c. 70% and 77% in the crown of all five species with only a minor variation from the sun to the shade crown and between species. However, specific absorptance (absorptance normalized by mass per leaf area) increased about threefold from sun to shade leaves with decreasing leaf mass area (LMA) in the late-successional species (Carpinus betulus L., Tilia cordata Mill., Fagus sylvatica L.), while it was generally lower in the early- to mid-successional species (Betula pendula Roth, Quercus petraea (Matt.)Liebl.), where it changed only a little from sun to shade crown. Due to a significant increase in leaf area index, canopy PAR transmittance to the forest floor decreased from early- to late-successional species from ~15% to 1%–3% of incident PAR, linked to a decrease in the minimum light demand of the lowermost shade leaves (from ~20 to 1%–2%) and of the species’ saplings (from ~20 to 3%–4%). The median light intensity on the forest floor under a closed canopy was in all species lower than the saplings’ minimum light demand. We conclude that the optical properties of the sun leaves are very similar among early-, mid- and late-successional tree species, while the shade leaves of these groups differ not only morphologically, but also in terms of the resource investment needed to achieve high PAR absorptance.

Tree species control and spatial structure of forest floor properties in a mixed-species stand

Ecoscience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Pelletier ◽  
James W. Fyles ◽  
Pierre Dutilleul
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Mixed Species

Forest floor microbial community response to tree species and fertilization of regenerating coniferous forests

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 1426-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Leckie ◽  
C E Prescott ◽  
S J Grayston
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Culturable Bacteria

We studied the effect of tree species and fertilization on the forest floor microbial community of 15-year-old regenerating forests. We sampled F and H forest floor layers of plots planted to Thuja plicata (Donn ex D. Don.) or Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. on N-poor and N-rich sites, with and without fertilizer treatments. Microbial community composition was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid analysis and by enumerating populations of culturable bacteria and fungi. Potential microbial functioning was assessed using community-level physiological profiling. There was little differentiation of community-level physiological profiles of F and H layers and few differences among the treatments. Total microbial biomass was greater in the F than H layer, and the two layers had distinct phospholipid fatty acid profiles. Site effects were detected mainly in the residual H layer, and tree species effects were seen mainly in the F layer, which has developed since harvesting. The effect of fertilization depended on site and tree species, with very little response in cedar plots, and the greatest effects in hemlock plots, coinciding with the greater growth response of hemlock. These results indicate that differences in plant growth rates, rather than direct effects of fertilization, influenced the microbial communities.

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