HYBRID INTELLIGENT CONTROLLERS FOR A MULTIPLE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM IN ACUTE HEART FAILURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1550043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kashihara
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Adaptive Neural Network ◽  
Multiple Controller ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug Delivery ◽  
Intelligent Controllers

Regulating the dynamic responses to multiple therapeutic agents in cases of heart failure is difficult owing to time-variant changes in drug sensitivity and interaction. To address this problem, a multiple controller based on adaptive neural network (NN) predictive control has been developed for unexpected drug responses related to cardiac output and arterial pressure. However, the control speed may be slower than that in traditional controllers because of the real-time learning process for the NN. Moreover, a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller alone cannot automatically update the PID parameters during drug administration. This study, therefore, aimed to make hybrid intelligent (fuzzy or NN-based PID) controllers and to evaluate the control performance during multiple drug therapy in unexpected physiological responses of heart failure. The hybrid intelligent controllers were compared with the previous PID or NN controller, and they realized robust and quick control regardless of unexpected responses and acute disruptions.

Multiple drug delivery hydrogel system for spinal cord injury repair strategies

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Perale ◽  
Filippo Rossi ◽  
Marco Santoro ◽  
Marco Peviani ◽  
Simonetta Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Injury Repair ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Multiple Drug Delivery ◽  
Hydrogel System

scholarly journals Classification and applying pharmacovigilance principles to study adverse drug reaction and its management

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2537
Author(s):  
Srihitha Pendota ◽  
Sre Akshaya Kalyani Surabhineni ◽  
Abhinay Sharma Katnapally ◽  
Dharanija Porandla ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Beemreddy
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reaction ◽  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Causality Assessment ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Drug Event ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Assessment Scales ◽  
Reason For Admission

Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unwanted, undesirable effect of medication resulting in mild to severe effect on the patient. This review explains definitions of ADR and it differentiation with adverse drug event, medication error. ADRs may cause increased length of stay or initial reason for admission and are major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Risk factors for ADR occurrence include age, gender, patients with multiple diseases and multiple drug therapy (polypharmacy). ADRs are classified into different types based on the mechanism and onset of reaction. The causal relation between suspected drug and reaction can be assessed by using causality assessment scales. The severity and preventability of ADR can be assessed by severity assessment scale and preventability scale respectively. Clinical Pharmacists play an important role in monitoring and management of ADRs.

Hepatotoxicity Associated With Acetaminophen Usage in Patients Receiving Multiple Drug Therapy for Tuberculosis

CHEST Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles M. Nolan ◽  
Robert E. Sandblom ◽  
Kenneth E. Thummel ◽  
John T Slattery ◽  
Sidney D. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy

Toxic Effects of Anticonvulsants: General Principles

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
H. Hooshmand
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Severe Ataxia ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Toxic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Any drug, regardless of how benign and well tolerated, is potentially toxic. The toxicity may be due to (1) dosage; (2) the size of the patient; (3) drug interaction; (4) drug specificity for the disease; (5) the nature of the disease for which the drug is used; and (6) the mode and frequency of medication. DOSE OF ANTICONVULSANT Dose of anficonvulsant is very important (Table I). Any anticonvulsant in higher than therapeutic doses has toxic potential. It is well known that anticonvulsants in large enough doses can act as convulsants. This is especially true for diphenylhydantoin, benzodiazepines, and lidocaine. THE SIZE OF THE PATIENT The size of the patient should be considered in dosage. It is safer and more accurate to adjust dosage to body surface than to weight (Table I). As the child grows, there may be a need to gradually increase the dose of anticonvulsants if seizure control is poor, or if the serum level of the anticonvulsant starts to decline. DRUG INTERACTION The relationship. of multiple drug therapy and its toxic effects on the brain is quite complicated, and many forms of toxicity can result. Toxicity may be the result of a combination of pharmacologically similar drugs. Such a combination may enhance the side effects of drowsiness and ataxia. The patient may suffer from these side effects without attaining therapeutic levels of individual anticonvulsants in the blood. In other words, a combination of drugs such as phenobarbital and primidone may result in severe ataxia and drowsiness.

Application of Hydrogel Biocomposites for Multiple Drug Delivery

2017 ◽  
pp. 139-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Owonubi ◽  
S.C. Agwuncha ◽  
E. Mukwevho ◽  
B.A. Aderibigbe ◽  
E.R. Sadiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Delivery

scholarly journals Immune function at diagnosis in relation to responses to therapy in acute lymphocytic leukemia of childhood

Blood ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DG Jose ◽  
H Ekert ◽  
J Colebatch ◽  
K Waters ◽  
F Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
First Remission ◽  
Immune Capacity ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy

Abstract Tests of immune capacity were performed on blood from 49 children with newly diagnosed, untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia, and relation to prognosis was determined. Patients were treated with multiple-drug therapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation. Median follow-up time was 16 mo (range 10--37 mo). Principal unfavorable findings at diagnosis were absolute numbers of T lymphoid cells outside the range 850-- 2500/mul blood, absence of whole blood responses to phytohemagglutinin in vitro, a low titer of complexed antibody, and the presence in serum of free leukemic blast cell membrane antigen. Fourteen patients showed two or more unfavorable findings at diagnosis. Eleven of these have died. Four of the remaining 35 patients have died. A shorter duration of first remission was found among patients with abnormal numbers of T cells at diagnosis. The findings suggest that the immunologic capacity of the patient at diagnosis is an important determinant in responses to therapy.

scholarly journals Symptomatic despite Multiple Drug Therapy: Where do you Turn Next?

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. S13-S14
Author(s):  
Aldo Pietro Maggioni
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Control ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Optimal Patient Outcome ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Guideline

Clinicians may be reluctant to implement evidence-based guideline recommendations because they believe that patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) who are enrolled into clinical trials are not truly representative of those seen in routine practice. Moreover, there may also be perceived safety issues associated with polypharmacy in patients with CHF. Clinicians should strive to implement guideline recommendations for the management of CHF to ensure optimal patient outcome in routine clinical practice. This case report demonstrates that symptom control may require a large number of pharmacological treatments, to be administered in accordance with guidelines.

Combination chemotherapy for metastatic breast carcinoma.Prospective comparison of multiple drug therapy with L-phenylalanine mustard

Cancer ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1882-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Canellos ◽  
Stuart J. Pocock ◽  
Samuel G. Taylor ◽  
Mary E. Sears ◽  
David J. Klaasen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Combination Chemotherapy ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA in healthy individuals in Lega Robi village, Ethiopia

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 841-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BEYENE ◽  
A. ASEFFA ◽  
M. HARBOE ◽  
D. KIDANE ◽  
M. MACDONALD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multiple Drug Therapy ◽  
Statistical Criteria

The number of registered leprosy patients world-wide has decreased dramatically after extensive application of WHO recommended Multiple Drug Therapy (MDT). The annual number of new cases has, however, been almost unchanged in several populations, indicating that the infection is still present at community level. Nasal carriage of Mycobacterium leprae DNA was studied in Lega Robi village in Ethiopia. MDT had been applied for more than ten years, and 718 residents over 5 years old were eligible for the study. During the first survey nasal swab samples were collected from 664 (92·5%) individuals. The results of a Peptide Nucleic Acid-ELISA test for M. leprae DNA interpreted by stringent statistical criteria were available for 589 (88·7%) subjects. Thirty-five (5·9%) individuals without clinical signs of leprosy were positive for M. leprae DNA. Seven PCR positive individuals lived in a household where one or two other members were also positive for M. leprae DNA. During a second survey 8 (4·6%) of 175 interpretable PNA-ELISA tests were positive. Of 137 individuals tested twice, only two were positive on both occasions whereas 10 were PCR positive only once. The study confirms the widespread distribution of M. leprae DNA in healthy individuals. The feasibility of curbing possible transmission of subclinical infection needs further consideration.

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