Optical Networking

2012 ◽  
pp. 4-36
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Signal Restoration ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Optical Domain ◽  
Ethernet Network

Telecommunication networks based on optical fiber technology have become a major information transmission system with high capacity optical fiber links encircling the globe in both terrestrial and undersea installation. At present there are numerous passive and active optical devices within a light wave link that perform complex networking functions in the optical domain, such as signal restoration, routing, and switching. Along with the need to understand the functions of these devices comes the necessity to measure both components and network performance and to model and simulate the complex behavior of reliable high capacity networks. This chapter presents the fundamental principles for understanding and applying these issues. This chapter is primarily about TCP/IP network protocols and Ethernet network architectures, but also briefly describes other protocol suites, network architectures, and other significant areas of networking. It explains in simple terms the way networks are put together, and how data packages are sent between networks and subnets, along with how data is routed to the Internet.

Radio over Fiber for Broadband Communications

2009 ◽  
pp. 80-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sotiris Karabetsos ◽  
Spiros Mikroulis ◽  
Athanase Nassiopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Wireless Access ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Efficient Approach ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Broadband Communications

The high capacity offered by the optical fiber, combined with the mobility and the flexibility of wireless access, either fixed or not, provides an efficient approach to alleviating the requirements posed by the envisaged provision of any-service, anytime and anywhere, next generation communication networks. The objective of this chapter is to present an overview of Radio-over-Fiber technology, as an emerging infrastructure for next generation, fiber-based, wireless access broadband networking. In particular, the fundamental concept of Radio-over-Fiber technology is reviewed and the partial components comprising it are discussed. Furthermore, the associated architectures are depicted and a short literature survey of trends and applications is considered.

scholarly journals Nano- and Micropatterning on Optical Fibers by Bottom-Up Approach: The Importance of Being Ordered

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3254
Author(s):  
Marco Pisco ◽  
Francesco Galeotti
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Ordered Structures ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Photonic Structures ◽  
Fiber Technology ◽  
Optical Fiber Probes ◽  
Fiber Probes ◽  
Self Assembled

The realization of advanced optical fiber probes demands the integration of materials and structures on optical fibers with micro- and nanoscale definition. Although researchers often choose complex nanofabrication tools to implement their designs, the migration from proof-of-principle devices to mass production lab-on-fiber devices requires the development of sustainable and reliable technology for cost-effective production. To make it possible, continuous efforts are devoted to applying bottom-up nanofabrication based on self-assembly to decorate the optical fiber with highly ordered photonic structures. The main challenges still pertain to “order” attainment and the limited number of implementable geometries. In this review, we try to shed light on the importance of self-assembled ordered patterns for lab-on-fiber technology. After a brief presentation of the light manipulation possibilities concerned with ordered structures, and of the new prospects offered by aperiodically ordered structures, we briefly recall how the bottom-up approach can be applied to create ordered patterns on the optical fiber. Then, we present un-attempted methodologies, which can enlarge the set of achievable structures, and can potentially improve the yielding rate in finely ordered self-assembled optical fiber probes by eliminating undesired defects and increasing the order by post-processing treatments. Finally, we discuss the available tools to quantify the degree of order in the obtained photonic structures, by suggesting the use of key performance figures of merit in order to systematically evaluate to what extent the pattern is really “ordered”. We hope such a collection of articles and discussion herein could inspire new directions and hint at best practices to fully exploit the benefits inherent to self-organization phenomena leading to ordered systems.

scholarly journals Birefringence and Polarization Mode Dispersion Phenomena of Commercial Optical Fiber in Telecommunication Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1655 ◽  
pp. 012160
Author(s):  
Saktioto ◽  
Yoli Zairmi ◽  
Velia Veriyanti ◽  
Wahyu Candra ◽  
Romi Fadli Syahputra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Polarization Mode Dispersion ◽  
Telecommunication Networks ◽  
Polarization Mode ◽  
Mode Dispersion

scholarly journals Cooperation and information replication in wireless networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2062) ◽  
pp. 20150123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Poularakis ◽  
Leandros Tassiulas
Keyword(s):  
Network Performance ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Backbone Networks ◽  
Network Bandwidth ◽  
Multicast Service ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Maximum Benefit ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Cell Tower

A significant portion of today's network traffic is due to recurring downloads of a few popular contents. It has been observed that replicating the latter in caches installed at network edges—close to users—can drastically reduce network bandwidth usage and improve content access delay. Such caching architectures are gaining increasing interest in recent years as a way of dealing with the explosive traffic growth, fuelled further by the downward slope in storage space price. In this work, we provide an overview of caching with a particular emphasis on emerging network architectures that enable caching at the radio access network. In this context, novel challenges arise due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, which allows simultaneously serving multiple users tuned into a multicast stream, and the mobility of the users who may be frequently handed off from one cell tower to another. Existing results indicate that caching at the wireless edge has a great potential in removing bottlenecks on the wired backbone networks. Taking into consideration the schedule of multicast service and mobility profiles is crucial to extract maximum benefit in network performance.

scholarly journals Virtual Networking Performance in OpenStack Platform for Network Function Virtualization

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Callegati ◽  
Walter Cerroni ◽  
Chiara Contoli
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Network Virtualization ◽  
Network Function Virtualization ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Network Function ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Central Offices ◽  
The One

The emerging Network Function Virtualization (NFV) paradigm, coupled with the highly flexible and programmatic control of network devices offered by Software Defined Networking solutions, enables unprecedented levels of network virtualization that will definitely change the shape of future network architectures, where legacy telco central offices will be replaced by cloud data centers located at the edge. On the one hand, this software-centric evolution of telecommunications will allow network operators to take advantage of the increased flexibility and reduced deployment costs typical of cloud computing. On the other hand, it will pose a number of challenges in terms of virtual network performance and customer isolation. This paper intends to provide some insights on how an open-source cloud computing platform such as OpenStack implements multitenant network virtualization and how it can be used to deploy NFV, focusing in particular on packet forwarding performance issues. To this purpose, a set of experiments is presented that refer to a number of scenarios inspired by the cloud computing and NFV paradigms, considering both single tenant and multitenant scenarios. From the results of the evaluation it is possible to highlight potentials and limitations of running NFV on OpenStack.

scholarly journals Neural network models of the tactile system develop first-order units with spatially complex receptive fields

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlie W. Zhao ◽  
Mark J. Daley ◽  
J. Andrew Pruszynski
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Neural Network Models ◽  
First Order ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tactile System

AbstractFirst-order tactile neurons have spatially complex receptive fields. Here we use machine learning tools to show that such complexity arises for a wide range of training sets and network architectures, and benefits network performance, especially on more difficult tasks and in the presence of noise. Our work suggests that spatially complex receptive fields are normatively good given the biological constraints of the tactile periphery.

scholarly journals Towards a software-based mobility management for 5G: An experimental approach for flattened network architectures

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
Jesús Calle-Cancho ◽  
José-Manuel Mendoza-Rubio ◽  
José-Luis González-Sánchez ◽  
David Cortés-Polo ◽  
Javier Carmona-Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Network Architectures ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Management Capability

The number of mobile subscribers, as well as the data traffic generated by them, is increasing exponentially with the growth of wireless smart devices and the number of network services that they can support. This significant growth is pushing mobile network operators towards new solutions to improve their network performance and efficiency. Thus, the appearance of Software Defined Networking (SDN) can overcome the limitations of current deployments through decoupling the network control plane from the data plane, allowing higher flexibility and programmability to the network. In this context, the process of handling user mobility becomes an essential part of future mobile networks. Taking advantage of the benefits that SDN brings, in this article we present a novel mobility management solution. This proposal avoids the use of IP-IP tunnels and it adds the dynamic flow management capability provided by SDN. In order to analyse performance, an analytical model is developed to compare it with NB-DMM (Network-based DMM), one of the main DMM (Distributed Mobility Management) solutions. Additionally, performance is also evaluated with an experimental testbed. The results allow handover latency in real scenarios and numerical investigations to be measured, and also show that SR-DMM achieves better efficiency in terms of signaling and routing cost than NB-DMM solution.

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