A Facial Expression Mediated Natural User Interface Communication Model for Children with Motor Impairments

2014 ◽  
pp. 254-284
Author(s):  
Ong Chin Ann ◽  
Lau Bee Theng
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Special Education School ◽  
Novel Model

This work was motivated by the limitations of the existing Assistive and Augmentative Communication tools to help children with Cerebral Palsy who have Motor Impairments (CP-MI). A novel model was designed, developed, and evaluated in order to help CP-MI children. The proposed model monitors and detects in real time the critical expressions on the CP-MI children’s faces. Subsequently, the critical expression is sent to the caretaker either by an audio alarm or as an SMS message through the mobile phone. Multiple pilot tests on the developed prototype were performed with normal human prior to the evaluation with the CP-MI children. Later, 21 CP-MI children from a special education school were being invited to participate in the evaluation. The evaluation results and findings showed that the idea of adopting the facial expression as an alternate communication medium is workable for the CP-MI children.

scholarly journals Evaluation of risk factors for cerebral palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina Salama Abd Elmagid ◽  
Hend Magdy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Cns Infection ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accidents ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Infant Brain ◽  
Cns Malformation

Abstract Background Cerebral palsy (CP) has been identified as one of the most important and common causes of childhood disabilities worldwide and is often accompanied by multiple comorbidities. CP is defined as a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitation that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetal or infant brain. The objective of our study was to describe main clinical pattern and motor impairments of our patients, and to evaluate the presence of risk factors and if there is a relation to the type of cerebral palsy. Methods Children with cerebral palsy were retrospectively enrolled over 2 years from the neurology outpatient clinics. Cerebral palsy risk factors and motor impairments were determined through caregiver interviews, review of medical records, and direct physical examination. Results One thousand children with cerebral palsy were enrolled. Subjects were 64.4% male, with a median age of 2.5 years. The risk factors for cerebral palsy in our study were antenatal (21%), natal and post-natal (30.5%), post-neonatal (17.1%), and unidentified (31.4%). Antenatal as CNS malformation (26.6%), maternal DM (17.6%), prolonged rupture of membrane (11.9%), maternal hemorrhage (10.4%), and pre-eclampsia (4.7%). Natal and post-natal as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (28.5%), infection (16.3%), hyperbilirubinemia (12.7%), cerebrovascular accidents (8.8%), meconium aspiration (6.2%), and intracranial hemorrhage. Post-neonatal as CNS infection (34.5%), cerebrovascular accidents (28.6%), sepsis (23.9%), and intracranial hemorrhage (8.7%). Conclusions Cerebral palsy has different etiologies and risk factors. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal preventative strategies in these patients.

scholarly journals Multi-Attribute Transfer via Disentangled Representation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 9195-9202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfu Zhang ◽  
Yuanyuan Huang ◽  
Yaoyi Li ◽  
Weijie Zhao ◽  
Liqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Facial Expression ◽  
Generative Adversarial Networks ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Adversarial Networks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Realistic Images ◽  
Novel Model

Recent studies show significant progress in image-to-image translation task, especially facilitated by Generative Adversarial Networks. They can synthesize highly realistic images and alter the attribute labels for the images. However, these works employ attribute vectors to specify the target domain which diminishes image-level attribute diversity. In this paper, we propose a novel model formulating disentangled representations by projecting images to latent units, grouped feature channels of Convolutional Neural Network, to disassemble the information between different attributes. Thanks to disentangled representation, we can transfer attributes according to the attribute labels and moreover retain the diversity beyond the labels, namely, the styles inside each image. This is achieved by specifying some attributes and swapping the corresponding latent units to “swap” the attributes appearance, or applying channel-wise interpolation to blend different attributes. To verify the motivation of our proposed model, we train and evaluate our model on face dataset CelebA. Furthermore, the evaluation of another facial expression dataset RaFD demonstrates the generalizability of our proposed model.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Outcomes Related with Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy Using Ankle-Foot Orthotic - A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 890 ◽  
pp. 301-313
Author(s):  
Jessica Jorge Gordo ◽  
Paula Pascoal-Faria ◽  
Artur Mateus ◽  
Pedro Morouço ◽  
Verónica Schiriati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Step Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Ankle Foot Orthoses ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Foot Orthotic

Gait in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is often affected by motor impairments which limit the patient's ability to walk. To improve gait and reduce walking limitations, children with CP need to use ankle foot orthoses. An orthosis is an externally applied device that is designed and fitted to the body to achieve one or more of the following goals: a) Control biomechanical alignment. b) Correct or accommodate deformity, and 3) Protect and support an injury. This systematic review aims to describe research evidence supporting the use of ankle-foot orthoses to improve gait biomechanical outcomes among individuals with CP. Literature search was pursued from PubMed database. Studies were included if (1) they evaluated an outcome measure related with gait using ankle-foot orthotic (AFO) in children (2) considered children with a diagnosis of CP and have a (3) GMFCS classification of I, II or III. Papers were excluded if they evaluated (1) other population besides CP, (2) the use of orthoses other than AFOs and (3) gait analysis procedure was not presented. All the included studies have analyzed spatiotemporal parameters, the step length (m), stride length (m) and cadence (steps/minute) were the most frequently reported. Our findings showed that several studies have investigated the effects of AFOs, all of which have reported positive influences on at least one gait parameter, as well as positive changes in joint kinematics and kinetic in children with CP.

A Novel IOT Based Smart Wheelchair Design for Cerebral Palsy Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 540-553
Author(s):  
Shaolin Kataria ◽  
Aditya Sunil Menon ◽  
Prerna Sultania ◽  
Sunjol Singh Paul ◽  
Kakelli Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Smart Wheelchairs ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Smart Wheelchair

Several patients face Cerebral Palsy. Such debilitating diseases impede motor control and make it difficult for them to operate traditional electric wheelchairs. Existing models of smart wheelchairs accommodate these issues to a certain extent but fail to deliver a solution for patients to use the wheelchairs completely autonomously. This paper proposes a novel model for a cost-effective smart wheelchair that takes simple gestures as input for movement, along with several quality-of-life and assistive modules such as vitals monitoring and voice memo support for patients suffering from memory loss, along with obstacle detection to ensure complete safety of the patient regardless of the terrain. The paper discusses the various modules present in the wheelchair, elaborates upon the algorithm used for input detection and calculation, and finally, the implementation of each module. Lastly, the paper enlists comparisons between existing smart wheelchair models and the proposed model and lists out its strengths, weaknesses and states its findings from the proposed system's results.

scholarly journals Excessive premature mortality among children with cerebral palsy in rural Uganda: A longitudinal, population-based study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243948
Author(s):  
Lukia H. Namaganda ◽  
Rita Almeida ◽  
Dan Kajungu ◽  
Fred Wabwire-Mangen ◽  
Stefan Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background Studies from high-income countries reported reduced life expectancy in children with cerebral palsy (CP), while no population-based study has evaluated mortality of children with CP in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to estimate the mortality rate (MR) of children with CP in a rural region of Uganda and identify risk factors and causes of death (CODs). Methods and findings This population-based, longitudinal cohort study was based on data from Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance System in eastern Uganda. We identified 97 children (aged 2–17 years) with CP in 2015, whom we followed to 2019. They were compared with an age-matched cohort from the general population (n = 41 319). MRs, MR ratios (MRRs), hazard ratios (HRs), and immediate CODs were determined. MR was 3952 per 100 000 person years (95% CI 2212–6519) in children with CP and 137 per 100 000 person years (95% CI 117–159) in the general population. Standardized MRR was 25·3 in the CP cohort, compared with the general population. In children with CP, risk of death was higher in those with severe gross motor impairments than in those with milder impairments (HR 6·8; p = 0·007) and in those with severe malnutrition than in those less malnourished (HR = 3·7; p = 0·052). MR was higher in females in the CP cohort, with a higher MRR in females (53·0; 95% CI 26·4–106·3) than in males (16·3; 95% CI 7·2–37·2). Age had no significant effect on MR in the CP cohort, but MRR was higher at 10–18 years (39·6; 95% CI 14·2–110·0) than at 2–6 years (21·0; 95% CI 10·2–43·2). Anaemia, malaria, and other infections were the most common CODs in the CP cohort. Conclusions Risk of premature death was excessively high in children with CP in rural sub-Saharan Africa, especially in those with severe motor impairments or malnutrition. While global childhood mortality has significantly decreased during recent decades, this observed excessive mortality is a hidden humanitarian crisis that needs to be addressed.

Game technology to increase range of motion for adolescents with cerebral palsy: a feasibility study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Wen Hung ◽  
Yao-Jen Chang ◽  
Wen-Ying Han
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Abnormal Movements ◽  
Education School ◽  
Special Education School

AbstractBackground:People with cerebral palsy (CP) experience limitations in motor control, strength, and range of motion (ROM). Abnormal movements caused by motor impairments commonly occur in people with CP. Activities of daily living (ADLs) can be seriously affected by insufficient ROM among others. To increase ROM, this study assessed the possibility of training three adolescents with CP using a Kinect-based system in a public school setting.Methods:We gamified the movement training by leveraging the Scratch language and the Kinect2Scratch tool that allowed the therapists to perform individual customization with less technical support. This experiment was carried out according to an ABAB reversal replication design in which A represented the baseline and B represented the intervention phases. Three adolescents in a public special-education school participated in the experiment.Results:Data showed that the three participants significantly increased their shoulder ROM and motivation of engaging in rehabilitation as well, thus improving exercise performance during the intervention phases.Conclusion:Despite that, the game is a promising and highly accepted training tool for school use, currently, it is still error-prone, and the requested support exceeds the support that can be provided by clinical therapists. A technically more robust system, combined with additional attractive games, likely results in higher patient motivation and better compliance. This would reduce the need for parents to motivate their children extrinsically and allow for clinical trials to investigate the effectiveness of the system.

Prevalence of Speech Problems and the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Registry-Based Study in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guro Andersen ◽  
Tone R. Mjøen ◽  
Torstein Vik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract This study describes the prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. Information on the communicative abilities of 564 children with CP born 1996–2003, recorded in the Norwegian CP Registry, was collected. A total of 270 children (48%) had normal speech, 90 (16%) had slightly indistinct speech, 52 (9%) had indistinct speech, 35 (6%) had very indistinct speech, 110 children (19%) had no speech, and 7 (1%) were unknown. Speech problems were most common in children with dyskinetic CP (92 %), in children with the most severe gross motor function impairments and among children being totally dependent on assistance in feeding or tube-fed children. A higher proportion of children born at term had speech problems when compared with children born before 32 weeks of gestational age 32 (p > 0.001). Among the 197 children with speech problems only, 106 (54%) used AAC in some form. Approximately 20% of children had no verbal speech, whereas ~15% had significant speech problems. Among children with either significant speech problems or no speech, only 54% used AAC in any form.

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