The New Economics of Skilled Labor Migration

2013 ◽  
pp. 267-292
Author(s):  
Molk Kadiri ◽  
Nada Zouag
Keyword(s):  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
Health Demand ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
North African Countries

This is a contribution to the new economics of skilled labor emigration that focuses on the mobility of medical doctors from Middle East and North African countries. The theoretical model under risk neutrality and aversion as suggested in chapter 9 is applied. The findings show that the relative expected benefits and the emigration rate have major effects on the net relative human medical capital that remains in the source country. The effects of relative wages in the destination and sending countries besides the yield of education are likely to change the emigration patterns. Comparisons of theoretical and observed relative human capital per country averages are conducted and the statistical validity of the model is ensured. The empirical results based on the available data by Docquier and Marfouk (2006) and Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan (2010) allow further use of the model to understand the current trends in the emigration of medical doctors. These trends confirm the magnitude of relative wages besides the level of education and the attitude towards risk as determinants of the emigration of skilled labor. The countries included in the study all exhibited brain gain from 1991-2004, but two distinct groups of countries are identified. Each country is encouraged to anticipate the likely effects of this emigration on the economy with the increase of health demand, domestic wages, and the increase in education capacity for medical doctors.

Inputs from the New Economics of Migration of Medical Doctors in Eastern and Central Europe

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-266
Author(s):  
Cristina Boboc ◽  
Emilia Titan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Medical Doctors ◽  
Brain Gain ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Statistical Validity ◽  
Health Demand

This is a contribution to the new economics of skilled labor emigration that focuses on the mobility of physicians inside European Union from ECE countries. Economic models under risk neutrality and aversion are used. The findings show that the education could change significantly the results on the emigration benefices. Comparisons of theoretical and observed relative human capital per country averages are conducted and ensured the statistical validity of the model used. The empirical results based on the available data on emigration by Docquier and Marfouk (2008) but also by Bhargava, Docquier, and Moullan (2010) allowed further use of the model to understand the current trends in the emigration of physicians and the border between brain gain and brain drain. The countries included in the study all exhibited brain gain between 1991-2004. Each country is encouraged to anticipate the likely effects of this emigration on the economy with the increase of health demand, the domestic wages, and the increase in education capacity for medical doctors.

Potential Skilled Labor Migration, Internationalization of Education with Focus on Medical Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 1167-1207
Author(s):  
Amale Achehboune ◽  
Ahmed Driouchi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
Expected Benefits

This chapter is a contribution to the new economics of skilled labor emigration that focuses on the mobility of students with application to the Arab countries with a special focus on medical education in these economies. With limited data on the emigration of students, descriptive statistics besides regression analysis are pursued to support the empirical investigations. The findings show statistically significant trends in emigration of students from Arab countries. They also indicate that the relative expected benefits and the emigration rate have major effects on the net relative human capital who leave for international destinations. The effects of the relative expected benefits in the destination and sending countries besides the yield of education are found to likely affect the emigration patterns. The empirical results based on the available data mainly from UNESCO (1990-2010) and OECD (2005-2009) allow further use of the model to understand the current trends in the emigration of students. These trends confirm the magnitude of relative wages besides the level of education and the attitude toward risk as determinants of the international movements of students. The complexities taking place in the education systems in different countries with the internationalization and delocalization of universities and schools are likely to introduce more options for students but also new possibilities to understand the outcomes of migration decisions.

Potential Skilled Labor Migration, Internationalization of Education with Focus on Medical Education

2013 ◽  
pp. 83-122
Author(s):  
Amale Achehboune ◽  
Ahmed Driouchi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Relative Wages ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
Expected Benefits

This chapter is a contribution to the new economics of skilled labor emigration that focuses on the mobility of students with application to the Arab countries with a special focus on medical education in these economies. With limited data on the emigration of students, descriptive statistics besides regression analysis are pursued to support the empirical investigations. The findings show statistically significant trends in emigration of students from Arab countries. They also indicate that the relative expected benefits and the emigration rate have major effects on the net relative human capital who leave for international destinations. The effects of the relative expected benefits in the destination and sending countries besides the yield of education are found to likely affect the emigration patterns. The empirical results based on the available data mainly from UNESCO (1990-2010) and OECD (2005-2009) allow further use of the model to understand the current trends in the emigration of students. These trends confirm the magnitude of relative wages besides the level of education and the attitude toward risk as determinants of the international movements of students. The complexities taking place in the education systems in different countries with the internationalization and delocalization of universities and schools are likely to introduce more options for students but also new possibilities to understand the outcomes of migration decisions.

scholarly journals Acordos entre Espanha e países do Norte da África como mecanismos de controle das migrações irregulares nos anos 2000 | Agreements between Spain and North African countries as a mechanism of irregular migration control in the 2000s

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e59962
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Da Costa Mangueira ◽  
Filipe Reis Melo
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Security ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Foreign Labor ◽  
The Moment ◽  
North African Countries ◽  
The Relationship

Este artigo analisa como a Espanha securitizou fluxos migratórios irregulares do Norte da África na primeira década dos anos 2000. Esse processo realizou-se com medidas de segurança nas fronteiras, especialmente nas regiões de Ceuta e Melila. Por outro lado, os governos espanhóis ao longo daquela década reavivaram acordos firmados com os africanos ainda nos anos 1990 para readmissão de migrantes e para admissão de indivíduos no mercado de trabalho espanhol. A relação entre Espanha e países africanos foi contraditória, pois enquanto se buscava conter as migrações indesejadas, pretendia-se usar a mão de obra estrangeira para reduzir os custos trabalhistas. Essas contradições são influenciadas pela presença da União Europeia que delibera e atua na temática de migrações na região, um assunto que tem sido um dos principais interesses da agenda de segurança europeia nos últimos anos. Palavras-Chave: Espanha. Fluxos migratórios. Norte da África. ABSTRACTThis paper analyses how Spain securitized irregular migratory flows from North Africa in the 2000s first decade. This process was carried out by security actions at the borders, specially at Ceuta and Melilla regions. On other hand, over the years of 2000s Spanish governments renewed agreements that were signed with Africans in the 1990s to foster readmission of migrants and promote the admission of individuals to the Spanish labor market. Furthermore, the relationship between Spain and African countries was inconsistent due to the fact that at the moment which the contention of unwanted migration was the focus, it was intended to use foreign labor to reduce labor costs. These contradictions are influenced by the presence of the European Union, which deliberates and acts on the issue of migration in the region, a subject that has been one of the main interests of the European security agenda in recent years. Keywords: Spain. Migration flows. North Africa. Recebido em: 24 mai. 2021 | Aceito em: 01 out. 2021.

scholarly journals Opuntia stricta (erect prickly pear).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Pasiecznik ◽  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Biological Control ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
New South ◽  
North African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
North African Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Abstract Opuntia stricta is a cactus species native to the Americas that has been introduced worldwide as a popular ornamental. This species escaped from cultivation and has become invasive in many countries across Africa and Australia, but also more recently in the Mediterranean basin. Large and serious invasions have been reported in Australia, South Africa, Namibia, Yemen, India, Sri Lanka, Madagascar and lately also Spain and some North African countries. It has also become naturalized in many other regions (primarily in Africa and Asia) where it has not yet been recorded as a pest. In South Africa and Namibia large infestations have been reported, mainly in dry savanna bushlands, while in Australia all states are invaded with widespread populations invading southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales. Successful biological control programmes have, however, severely reduced the spread of this species in many areas where introduced, though there continues to be a risk of further introduction through the nursery trade.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document