A Comprehensive Review of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2016 ◽  
pp. 277-299
Author(s):  
Anand Nayyar ◽  
Rajeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have always been a hot area of researchers for finding more solutions towards making WSN network more energy efficient and reliable. Energy efficient routing is always a key challenging task to enhance the network lifetime and balance energy among the sensor nodes. Various solutions have been proposed in terms of energy efficient routing via protocol development, various techniques have also been incorporated like Genetic Algorithm, Swarm Intelligence etc. The main aim of this research paper to study all the routing protocols which are energy efficient and are based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). This paper also highlights the pros and cons of each of routing protocol which has been developed on lines of Energy Efficiency and has also been compared among one another to find which protocol outwits one another. Further, we conclude that Swarm Intelligence being a novel and bio-inspired field has contributed as well as contributing much in the area of improving routing issues of sensor networks.

A Comprehensive Review of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based Energy-Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Nayyar ◽  
Rajeshwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have always been a hot area of researchers for finding more solutions towards making WSN network more energy efficient and reliable. Energy efficient routing is always a key challenging task to enhance the network lifetime and balance energy among the sensor nodes. Various solutions have been proposed in terms of energy efficient routing via protocol development, various techniques have also been incorporated like Genetic Algorithm, Swarm Intelligence etc. The main aim of this research paper to study all the routing protocols which are energy efficient and are based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). This paper also highlights the pros and cons of each of routing protocol which has been developed on lines of Energy Efficiency and has also been compared among one another to find which protocol outwits one another. Further, we conclude that Swarm Intelligence being a novel and bio-inspired field has contributed as well as contributing much in the area of improving routing issues of sensor networks.

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

scholarly journals Hierarchical Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks and its Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4024-4027
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Wireless sensor network consists of various sensor nodes connected through wireless media. Sensor nodes are tiny devices having lesser energy capabilities. Sensor nodes are either ad-hoc or mobile in their environment. Wireless sensor network route of transmission media is discovered by routing protocols and responsible for secure communication between sensor nodes. Energy is a precious resource of sensor nodes, and the entire lifetime of WSNs is depending on the energy capability of the sensor nodes. The fundamental problem is how to organize topology of WSN for deployed sensor nodes with lesser power consumption as possible. Major problems in wireless sensor networks which consume extra energy are interference, control message overhead, packet delay, unnecessary transmission, and bandwidth utilization. Therefore, energy efficient techniques are needed to overcome these problems. Hierarchical routing is the best routing method for finding optimal path between sensor nodes which enhance the lifetime of the network. This paper focuses towards various hierarchical energy efficient routing in wireless sensor networks and analyzes various features of WSN that should consider during designing of routing protocols.

scholarly journals Clustered chain founded on ant colony optimization energy efficient routing scheme for under-water wireless sensor networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 5197
Author(s):  
Djilali Moussaoui ◽  
Mourad Hadjila ◽  
Sidi Mohammed Hadj Irid ◽  
Sihem Souiki
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Cluster Head ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing

One challenge in under-water wireless sensor networks (UWSN) is to find ways to improve the life duration of networks, since it is difficult to replace or recharge batteries in sensors by the solar energy. Thus, designing an energy-efficient protocol remains as a critical task. Many cluster-based routing protocols have been suggested with the goal of reducing overall energy consumption through data aggregation and balancing energy through cluster-head rotation. However, the majority of current protocols are concerned with load balancing within each cluster. In this paper we propose a clustered chain-based energy efficient routing algorithm called CCRA that can combine fuzzy c-means (FCM) and ant colony optimization (ACO) create and manage the data transmission in the network. Our analysis and results of simulations show a better energy management in the network.

Energy Efficient Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasaki Ponnusamy ◽  
Azween Abdullah ◽  
Alan G. Downe
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing ◽  
Hierarchical Routing ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
New Perspective

This research presents a survey of energy efficient routing protocols in sensor network by categorizing into a main classification as architecture based routing. Architecture based routing is further classified into two main areas: flat or location based routing protocol, and hierarchical based routing protocols. Flat based routing is more suitable when a huge number of sensor nodes are deployed, and location based routing is employed when nodes are aware of their location. Hierarchical routing look into alternative approach by placing intermediate nodes in terms of cluster heads, gateway nodes, or mobile entities for efficient handling of energy. The survey is presented in order to highlight the advantage of hierarchical based routing, mainly the deployment of mobility routing. As not many surveys have been conducted in mobility based routing, this chapter can be helpful for looking into a new perspective and paradigm of energy efficient routing protocols.

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Fuzzy Ant Colony Optimization

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 768936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Amiri ◽  
Hassan Keshavarz ◽  
Mojtaba Alizadeh ◽  
Mazdak Zamani ◽  
Touraj Khodadadi
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Efficient Routing
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