Evolving Concepts for Use of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 279-313
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Sarvepalli ◽  
Rajalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are increasing worldwide with impaired repair mechanisms, leading to tissue and organ failure. With the current advancements, life expectancy has improved and has led to search for new treatment strategies that improves tissue regeneration. Recently, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering has captured the attention of clinicians, scientists, and patients as alternative treatment options. The overall clinical experience of these suggests that they can be safely used in the right clinical setting. Ultimately, large outcome trials will have to be conducted to assess their efficacy. Clinical trials have to be carefully designed and patient safety must remain the key concern. At the same time, continued basic research is required to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-based therapies and cell tissue interactions. This chapter reviews the evolving paradigm of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches for clinical application and explores its implications.

Evolving Concepts for Use of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering for Cardiac Regeneration

2019 ◽  
pp. 509-543
Author(s):  
Jahnavi Sarvepalli ◽  
Rajalakshmi Santhakumar ◽  
Rama Shanker Verma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
New Treatment

The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults are increasing worldwide with impaired repair mechanisms, leading to tissue and organ failure. With the current advancements, life expectancy has improved and has led to search for new treatment strategies that improves tissue regeneration. Recently, stem cell therapy and tissue engineering has captured the attention of clinicians, scientists, and patients as alternative treatment options. The overall clinical experience of these suggests that they can be safely used in the right clinical setting. Ultimately, large outcome trials will have to be conducted to assess their efficacy. Clinical trials have to be carefully designed and patient safety must remain the key concern. At the same time, continued basic research is required to understand the underlying mechanism of cell-based therapies and cell tissue interactions. This chapter reviews the evolving paradigm of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering approaches for clinical application and explores its implications.

Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering in Medical Practice: Ethical and Regulatory Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Regulatory Oversight ◽  
Regulatory Policies

Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering, in present time, have emerged as a legalized and regulated stem cell treatment option globally, but scientifically, their success is unestablished. Novel stem cell-based therapies have evolved as innovative and routine clinical solutions by commercial companies and hospitals across the world. Such rampant spread of stem cell clinics throughout UK, US, Europe and Asia reflect the public encouragement of benefits to incurable diseases. However, ever growing stem cell therapy developments need constant dogwatch and careful policy making by government regulatory bodies for prompt action in case of any untoward public concern. Therefore, researchers and physicians must keep themselves abreast of current knowledge on stem cells, tissue engineering devices in treatment and its safe legal limits. With this aim, stem cell scienctific developments, treatment options and legal scenario are introduced here to beginner or actively inolved scientists and physicians. Introduction to stem cell therapy will provide basic information to beginner researchers and practice physicians on engineered stem cell research concepts and present stem cell therapy federal regulations in different North American, European and Asian countries. FDA, CDC, EU, ICMR government policies in different countries include information on the current legal position, ethical policies, regulatory oversight and relevant laws.

A Review on Preclinical Models of Ischemic Stroke: Insights Into the Pathomechanisms and New Treatment Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya A Singh ◽  
Akash Kharwar ◽  
Manoj P. Dandekar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Stroke Models

Background: Stroke is a serious neurovascular problem and the leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The disrupted demand to supply ratio of blood and glucose during cerebral ischemia develops hypoxic shock, and subsequently necrotic neuronal death in the affected regions. Multiple causal factors like age, sex, race, genetics, diet, and lifestyle play an important role in the occurrence as well as progression of post-stroke deleterious events. These biological and environmental factors may be contributed to vasculature variable architecture and abnormal neuronal activity. Since recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only clinically effective clot bursting drug, there is a huge unmet medical need for newer therapies for the treatment of stroke. Innumerous therapeutic interventions have shown promise in the experimental models of stroke but failed to translate it into clinical counterparts. Methods: Original publications regarding pathophysiology, preclinical experimental models, new targets and therapies targeting ischemic stroke have been reviewed since the 1970s. Results: We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models, and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the management of post-stroke consequences. Results : We highlighted the critical underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebral stroke and preclinical stroke models. We discuss the strengths and caveats of widely used ischemic stroke models, and commented on the potential translational problems. We also describe the new emerging treatment strategies, including stem cell therapy, neurotrophic factors and gut microbiome-based therapy for the management of post-stroke consequences. Conclusion: There are still many inter-linked pathophysiological alterations with regards to stroke, animal models need not necessarily mimic the same conditions of stroke pathology and newer targets and therapies are the need of the hour in stroke research.

scholarly journals Optimized Cell Survival and Seeding Efficiency for Craniofacial Tissue Engineering Using Clinical Stem Cell Therapy

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1495-1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Rajan ◽  
Emily Eubanks ◽  
Sean Edwards ◽  
Sharon Aronovich ◽  
Suncica Travan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Craniofacial Tissue ◽  
Seeding Efficiency
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